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Camilli L, Hogan C, Romito D, Persichetti L, Caporale A, Palummo M, Di Giovannantonio M, Bonifazi D. On-Surface Molecular Recognition Driven by Chalcogen Bonding. JACS AU 2024; 4:2115-2121. [PMID: 38938818 PMCID: PMC11200221 DOI: 10.1021/jacsau.4c00325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2024] [Revised: 05/17/2024] [Accepted: 05/20/2024] [Indexed: 06/29/2024]
Abstract
Chalcogen bonding interactions (ChBIs) have been widely employed to create ordered noncovalent assemblies in solids and liquids. Yet, their ability to engineer molecular self-assembly on surfaces has not been demonstrated. Here, we report the first demonstration of on-surface molecular recognition solely governed by ChBIs. Scanning tunneling microscopy and ab initio calculations reveal that a pyrenyl derivative can undergo noncovalent chiral dimerization on the Au(111) surface through double Ch···N interactions involving Te- or Se-containing chalcogenazolo pyridine motifs. In contrast, reference chalcogenazole counterparts lacking the pyridyl moiety fail to form regular self-assemblies on Au, resulting in disordered assemblies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Camilli
- Department
of Physics, University of Rome “Tor
Vergata”, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Conor Hogan
- Department
of Physics, University of Rome “Tor
Vergata”, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
- CNR-Istituto
di Struttura della Materia (CNR-ISM), 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Deborah Romito
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Luca Persichetti
- Department
of Physics, University of Rome “Tor
Vergata”, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Antonio Caporale
- Department
of Physics, University of Rome “Tor
Vergata”, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - Maurizia Palummo
- INFN,
Department of Physics, University of Rome
“Tor Vergata”, via della Ricerca Scientifica 1, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | | | - Davide Bonifazi
- Department
of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Straße 38, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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2
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Zhang Y, Lu J, Zhang Y, Sun S, Xiong W, Chen L, Fu B, Geng J, Niu G, Li S, Yang Y, Sun L, Cai J. On-surface synthesis of Au-C4 and Au-O4 alternately arranged organometallic coordination networks via selective aromatic C-H bond activation. J Chem Phys 2023; 159:184701. [PMID: 37937937 DOI: 10.1063/5.0176065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Selective activation of the C-H bond of aromatic hydrocarbons is significant in synthetic chemistry. However, achieving oriented C-H activation remains challenging due to the poor selectivity of aromatic C-H bonds. Herein, we successfully constructed alternately arranged Au-C4 and Au-O4 organometallic coordination networks through selective aromatic C-H bond activation on Au(111) substrate. The stepwise reaction process of the 5, 12-dibromopyrene 3,4,9, 10-tetracarboxylic dianhydride precursor is monitored by high-resolution scanning tunneling microscopy. Our results show that the gold atoms in C-Au-C organometallic chains play a crucial role in promoting the selective ortho C-H bonds activation and forming Au-C4 coordination structure, which is further demonstrated by a comparative experiment of PTCDA precursor on Au(111). Furthermore, our experiment of 2Br-PTCDA precursor on Cu(111) substrate confirms that copper atoms in C-Cu-C organometallic chains can also assist the formation of Cu-C4 coordination structure. Our results reveal the vital effect of organometallic coordination on selective C-H bond activation of reactants, which holds promising implications for controllable on-surface synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Zhang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Jianchen Lu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Shijie Sun
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Wei Xiong
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Linghui Chen
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Boyu Fu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Jianqun Geng
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Gefei Niu
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Shicheng Li
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Yuhang Yang
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Li Sun
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
| | - Jinming Cai
- Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, China
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3
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Qin T, Guo D, Xiong J, Li X, Hu L, Yang W, Chen Z, Wu Y, Ding H, Hu J, Xu Q, Wang T, Zhu J. Synthesis of a Porous [14]Annulene Graphene Nanoribbon and a Porous [30]Annulene Graphene Nanosheet on Metal Surfaces. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2023; 62:e202306368. [PMID: 37401637 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202306368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
The electrical and mechanical properties of graphene-based materials can be tuned by the introduction of nanopores, which are sensitively related to the size, morphology, density, and location of nanopores. The synthesis of low-dimensional graphene nanostructures containing well-defined nonplanar nanopores has been challenging due to the intrinsic steric hindrance. Herein, we report the selective synthesis of one-dimensional (1D) graphene nanoribbons (GNRs) containing periodic nonplanar [14]annulene pores on Ag(111) and two-dimensional (2D) porous graphene nanosheet containing periodic nonplanar [30]annulene pores on Au(111), starting from a same precursor. The formation of distinct products on the two substrates originates from the different thermodynamics and kinetics of coupling reactions. The reaction mechanisms were confirmed by a series of control experiments, and the appropriate thermodynamic and kinetic parameters for optimizing the reaction pathways were proposed. In addition, the combined scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) and density functional theory (DFT) calculations revealed the electronic structures of porous graphene structures, demonstrating the impact of nonplanar pores on the π-conjugation of molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianchen Qin
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Dezhou Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, P. R. China
| | - Juanjuan Xiong
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Xingyu Li
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Lei Hu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Weishan Yang
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Zijie Chen
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Yulun Wu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Honghe Ding
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Jun Hu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Qian Xu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
| | - Tao Wang
- Donostia International Physics Center, 20018, San Sebastián, Spain
| | - Junfa Zhu
- National Synchrotron Radiation Laboratory, Department of Chemical Physics and Key Laboratory of Surface and Interface Chemistry and Energy Catalysis of Anhui Higher Education Institutes, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230029, P. R. China
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Haque A, Alenezi KM, Khan MS, Wong WY, Raithby PR. Non-covalent interactions (NCIs) in π-conjugated functional materials: advances and perspectives. Chem Soc Rev 2023; 52:454-472. [PMID: 36594823 DOI: 10.1039/d2cs00262k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The design and development of functional materials with real-life applications are highly demanding. Understanding and controlling inter- and intra-molecular interactions provide opportunities to design new materials. A judicious manipulation of the molecular structure significantly alters such interactions and can boost selected properties and functions of the material. There is burgeoning evidence of the beneficial effects of non-covalent interactions (NCIs), showing that manipulating NCIs may generate functional materials with a wide variety of physical properties leading to applications in catalysis, drug delivery, crystal engineering, etc. This prompted us to review the implications of NCIs on the molecular packing, optical properties, and applications of functional π-conjugated materials. To this end, this tutorial review will cover different types of interactions (electrostatic, π-interactions, metallophilic, etc.) and their impact on π-conjugated materials. Attempts have also been made to delineate the effects of weak interactions on opto-electronic (O-E) applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashanul Haque
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Khalaf M Alenezi
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Hail, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
| | - Muhammad S Khan
- Department of Chemistry, Sultan Qaboos University, Al-Khod, Muscat, Oman.
| | - Wai-Yeung Wong
- Department of Applied Biology and Chemical Technology and Research Institute for Smart Energy, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom, Kowloon, Hong Kong, P. R. China.
| | - Paul R Raithby
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, Claverton Down, Bath, Avon BA2 7AY, UK.
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Scheiner S. Properties and Stabilities of Cyclic and Open Chains of Halogen Bonds. J Phys Chem A 2022; 126:6443-6455. [PMID: 36084144 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.2c04967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Open and cyclic chains from two to eight units of ICl and IF are constructed and examined by density functional theory (DFT) calculations. These chains contain either I···I or I···X halogen bonds (XBs) where X refers to Cl or F. The closed rings are more stable than the open chains due to the presence of an additional XB and enhanced cooperativity. This pattern is true even for most trimers where there is sizable geometric distortion in the rings. I···F rings are generally more stable than the corresponding I···I cycles as the I···F bond is stronger than I···I even in the simple dimer. However, I···I rings are comparable in energy to I···Cl. It is possible to construct I···I rings of at least as large as eight units, which are held together exclusively by XBs. On the other hand, the maximum possible size of I···X rings is 6. Red shifts are observed in the I-X stretching frequency bands, which magnify as the chain, both cyclic and open, grows longer. The NMR chemical shielding of the I atoms increases for I···I chains but diminishes when I···Cl bonds are present.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steve Scheiner
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Utah State University, Logan, Utah 84322-0300, United States
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