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Xu K, Oestreich R, Haj Hassani Sohi T, Lounasvuori M, Ruthes JGA, Zorlu Y, Michalski J, Seiffert P, Strothmann T, Tholen P, Ozgur Yazaydin A, Suta M, Presser V, Petit T, Janiak C, Beckmann J, Schmedt Auf der Günne J, Yücesan G. Polyphosphonate covalent organic frameworks. Nat Commun 2024; 15:7862. [PMID: 39251575 PMCID: PMC11385950 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51950-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 08/20/2024] [Indexed: 09/11/2024] Open
Abstract
Herein, we report polyphosphonate covalent organic frameworks (COFs) constructed via P-O-P linkages. The materials are synthesized via a single-step condensation reaction of the charge-assisted hydrogen-bonded organic framework, which is constructed from phenylphosphonic acid and 5,10,15,20-tetrakis[p-phenylphosphonic acid]porphyrin and is formed by simply heating its hydrogen-bonded precursor without using chemical reagents. Above 210 °C, it becomes an amorphous microporous polymeric structure due to the oligomerization of P-O-P bonds, which could be shown by constant-time solid-state double-quantum 31P nuclear magnetic resonance experiments. The polyphosphonate COF exhibits good water and water vapor stability during the gas sorption measurements, and electrochemical stability in 0.5 M Na2SO4 electrolyte in water. The reported family of COFs fills a significant gap in the literature by providing stable microporous COFs suitable for use in water and electrolytes. Additionally, we provide a sustainable synthesis route for the COF synthesis. The narrow pores of the COF effectively capture CO2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Inorganic Materials Chemistry, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 2, Siegen, Germany
| | - Robert Oestreich
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Takin Haj Hassani Sohi
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Mailis Lounasvuori
- Young Investigator Group Nanoscale Solid-Liquid Interfaces, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jean G A Ruthes
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D22, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Saarland University, Campus D22, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Yunus Zorlu
- Department of Chemistry, Gebze Technical University, Kocaeli, Türkiye
| | - Julia Michalski
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Philipp Seiffert
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Till Strothmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Patrik Tholen
- Technische Universität Berlin, Lebensmittelchemie und Toxikologie, Gustav-Meyer-Allee 25, Berlin, Germany
| | - A Ozgur Yazaydin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - Markus Suta
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Volker Presser
- INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D22, Saarbrücken, Germany
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Saarland University, Campus D22, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Tristan Petit
- Young Investigator Group Nanoscale Solid-Liquid Interfaces, Helmholtz-Zentrum Berlin für Materialien und Energie GmbH, Albert-Einstein-Straße 15, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Janiak
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Jens Beckmann
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Kristallographie, Universität Bremen, Bremen, Germany
| | - Jörn Schmedt Auf der Günne
- Department of Chemistry and Biology, Inorganic Materials Chemistry, University of Siegen, Adolf-Reichwein-Straße 2, Siegen, Germany.
| | - Gündoğ Yücesan
- Institut für Anorganische Chemie und Strukturchemie, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätsstraße 1, Düsseldorf, Germany.
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Kechiche A, Al Shehimy S, Khrouz L, Monnereau C, Bucher C, Parola S, Bessmertnykh-Lemeune A, Rousselin Y, Cheprakov AV, Nasri H. Phosphonate-substituted porphyrins as efficient, cost-effective and reusable photocatalysts. Dalton Trans 2024; 53:7498-7516. [PMID: 38596893 DOI: 10.1039/d4dt00418c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Recent advances in visible light photocatalysis represent a significant stride towards sustainable catalytic chemistry. However, its successful implementation in fine chemical production remains challenging and requires careful optimization of available photocatalysts. Our work aims to structurally modify bioinspired porphyrin catalysts, addressing issues related to their laborious synthesis and low solubility, with the goal of increasing their efficiency and developing reusable catalytic systems. We have demonstrated the catalytic potential of readily available meso-tetrakis[4-(diethoxyphosphoryl)phenyl]porphyrins (M(TPPP)). Novel metal (Pd(II), Co(II) and In(III)) complexes with this ligand were prepared in good yields. These chromophores were characterized in solution using spectroscopic (NMR, UV-vis, fluorescence) and electrochemical methods. The introduction of phosphonate groups on the phenyl substituents of meso-tetraphenylporphyrins (M(TPP)) improves solubility in polar organic solvents without significantly altering the photophysical properties and photostability of complexes. This structural modification also leads to easier reductions and harder oxidations of the macrocycle for all investigated complexes compared to the corresponding TPP derivatives. The free base porphyrin, zinc(II), palladium(II), and indium(III) complexes were studied as photocatalysts for oxidation of sulfides to sulfoxides using molecular oxygen as a terminal oxidant. Both dialkyl and alkyl aryl sulfides were quantitatively transformed into sulfoxides under blue LED irradiation in the acetonitrile-water mixture (10 : 1 v/v) with a low loading (0.005-0.05 mol%) of porphyrin photocatalysts, where H2(TPPP) and Pd(TPPP) were found to be the most efficient. The reaction mechanism was studied using photoluminescence and EPR spectroscopies. Then, to access reusable catalysts, water-soluble derivatives bearing phosphonic acid groups, H2(TPPP-A) and Pd(TPPP-A), were prepared in high yields. These compounds were characterized using spectroscopic methods. Single-crystal X-ray diffraction analysis of Pd(TPPP-A) reveals that the complex forms a 3D hydrogen-bonded organic framework (HOF) in the solid state. Both H2(TPPP-A) and Pd(TPPP-A) were found to catalyze the photooxidation of sulfides by molecular oxygen in the acetonitrile-water mixture (1 : 1 v/v), while only Pd(TPPP-A) resulted in selective production of sulfoxides. The complex Pd(TPPP-A) was easily recovered through extraction in the aqueous phase and successfully reused in five consecutive cycles of the sulfoxidation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Azhar Kechiche
- ENS de Lyon, UMR 5182, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69342 Lyon, France.
| | - Shaymaa Al Shehimy
- ENS de Lyon, UMR 5182, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69342 Lyon, France.
| | - Lhoussain Khrouz
- ENS de Lyon, UMR 5182, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69342 Lyon, France.
| | - Cyrille Monnereau
- ENS de Lyon, UMR 5182, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69342 Lyon, France.
| | - Christophe Bucher
- ENS de Lyon, UMR 5182, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69342 Lyon, France.
| | - Stephane Parola
- ENS de Lyon, UMR 5182, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69342 Lyon, France.
| | - Alla Bessmertnykh-Lemeune
- ENS de Lyon, UMR 5182, CNRS, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Laboratoire de Chimie, École Normale Supérieure de Lyon, 46 allée d'Italie, 69342 Lyon, France.
| | - Yoann Rousselin
- Institut de Chimie Moléculaire de l'Université de Bourgogne, UMR CNRS 6302, Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté, 9 Avenue Alain Savary, 21078 Dijon, France
| | - Andrey V Cheprakov
- Lomonosov Moscow State University, Department of Chemistry, 1-3, Leninskie Gory, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Habib Nasri
- University of Monastir, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry of Materials (LR01ES19), Faculty of Sciences of Monastir, Avenue of the Environment, 5019 Monastir, Tunisia
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Ding X, Chen J, Ye G. Supramolecular polynuclear clusters sustained cubic hydrogen bonded frameworks with octahedral cages for reversible photochromism. Nat Commun 2024; 15:2782. [PMID: 38555300 PMCID: PMC10981757 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-47058-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Developing supramolecular porous crystalline frameworks with tailor-made architectures from advanced secondary building units (SBUs) remains a pivotal challenge in reticular chemistry. Particularly for hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs), construction of geometrical cavities through secondary units has been rarely achieved. Herein, a body-centered cubic HOF (TCA_NH4) with octahedral cages was constructed by a C3-symmetric building block and NH4+ node-assembled cluster (NH4)4(COOH)8(H2O)2 that served as supramolecular secondary building units (SSBUs), akin to the polynuclear SBUs in reticular chemistry. Specifically, the octahedral cages could encapsulate four homogenous haloforms including CHCl3, CHBr3, and CHI3 with truncated octahedron configuration. Crystallographic evidence revealed the cages served as spatially-confined nanoreactors, enabling fast, broadband photochromic effect associated with the reversible photo/thermal transformation between encapsulated CHI3 and I2. Overall, this work provides a strategy by shaping SSBUs to expand the framework topology of HOFs and a prototype of hydrogen-bonded nanoreactors to accommodate reversible photochromic reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Ding
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
| | - Jing Chen
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Gang Ye
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Nuclear Energy Technology, Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Beglau THY, Fetzer MNA, Boldog I, Heinen T, Suta M, Janiak C, Yücesan G. Exceptionally Stable And Super-Efficient Electrocatalysts Derived From Semiconducting Metal Phosphonate Frameworks. Chemistry 2024; 30:e202302765. [PMID: 37713258 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202302765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Two new isostructural semiconducting metal-phosphonate frameworks are reported. Co2 [1,4-NDPA] and Zn2 [1,4-NDPA] (1,4-NDPA4- is 1,4-naphthalenediphosphonate) have optical bandgaps of 1.7 eV and 2.5 eV, respectively. The electrocatalyst derived from Co2 [1,4-NPDA] as a precatalyst generated a low overpotential of 374 mV in the oxygen evolution reaction (OER) with a Tafel slope of 43 mV dec-1 at a current density of 10 mA cm-2 in alkaline electrolyte (1 mol L-1 KOH), which is indicative of remarkably superior reaction kinetics. Benchmarking of the OER of Co2 [1,4-NPDA] material as a precatalyst coupled with nickel foam (NF) showed exceptional long-term stability at a current density of 50 mA cm-2 for water splitting compared to the state-of-the-art Pt/C/RuO2 @NF after 30 h in 1 mol L-1 KOH. In order to further understand the OER mechanism, the transformation of Co2 [1,4-NPDA] into its electrocatalytically active species was investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Hai Yen Beglau
- Institute of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Marcus N A Fetzer
- Institute of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Istvan Boldog
- Institute of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Tobias Heinen
- Institute of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Markus Suta
- Inorganic Photoactive Materials, Institute for Inorganic Chemistry and Structural Chemistry, Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf, Universitätsstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Christoph Janiak
- Institute of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Gündoğ Yücesan
- Institute of Inorganic and Structural Chemistry, Heinrich Heine Universität Düsseldorf, Universitätstr. 1, 40225, Düsseldorf, Germany
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Huynh RPS, Evans DR, Lian JX, Spasyuk D, Siahrostrami S, Shimizu GKH. Creating Order in Ultrastable Phosphonate Metal-Organic Frameworks via Isolable Hydrogen-Bonded Intermediates. J Am Chem Soc 2023; 145:21263-21272. [PMID: 37738111 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c05279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/24/2023]
Abstract
The stability presented by trivalent metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) makes them an attractive class of materials. With phosphonate-based ligands, crystallization is a challenge, as there are significantly more binding motifs that can be adopted due to the extra oxygen tether compared to carboxylate counterparts and the self-assembly processes are less reversible. Despite this, we have reported charge-assisted hydrogen-bonded metal-organic frameworks (HMOFs) consisting of [Cr(H2O)6]3+ and phosphonate ligands, which were crystallographically characterized. We sought to use these HMOFs as a crystalline intermediate to synthesize ordered Cr(III)-phosphonate MOFs. This can be done by dehydrating the HMOF to remove the aquo ligands around the Cr(III) center, forcing metal-phosphonate coordination. Herein, a new porous HMOF, H-CALF-50, is synthesized and then dehydrated to yield the MOF CALF-50. CALF-50 is ordered, although it is not single crystalline. It does, however, have exceptional stability, maintaining crystallinity and surface area after boiling in water for 3 weeks and soaking in 14.5 M H3PO4 for 24 h and 9 M HCl for 72 h. Computational methods are used to study the HMOF to MOF transformation and give insight into the nature of the structure and the degree of heterogeneity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Racheal P S Huynh
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - David R Evans
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Jian Xiang Lian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Denis Spasyuk
- Canadian Light Source, 44 Innovation Boulevard, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 2 V3, Canada
| | - Samira Siahrostrami
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - George K H Shimizu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 1N4, Canada
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Application of Hydrogen-Bonded Organic Frameworks in Environmental Remediation: Recent Advances and Future Trends. SEPARATIONS 2023. [DOI: 10.3390/separations10030196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/18/2023] Open
Abstract
The hydrogen-bonded organic frameworks (HOFs) are a class of porous materials with crystalline frame structures, which are self-assembled from organic structures by hydrogen bonding in non-covalent bonds π-π packing and van der Waals force interaction. HOFs are widely used in environmental remediation due to their high specific surface area, ordered pore structure, pore modifiability, and post-synthesis adjustability of various physical and chemical forms. This work summarizes some rules for constructing stable HOFs and the synthesis of HOF-based materials (synthesis of HOFs, metallized HOFs, and HOF-derived materials). In addition, the applications of HOF-based materials in the field of environmental remediation are introduced, including adsorption and separation (NH3, CO2/CH4 and CO2/N2, C2H2/C2He and CeH6, C2H2/CO2, Xe/Kr, etc.), heavy metal and radioactive metal adsorption, organic dye and pesticide adsorption, energy conversion (producing H2 and CO2 reduced to CO), organic dye degradation and pollutant sensing (metal ion, aniline, antibiotic, explosive steam, etc.). Finally, the current challenges and further studies of HOFs (such as functional modification, molecular simulation, application extension as remediation of contaminated soil, and cost assessment) are discussed. It is hoped that this work will help develop widespread applications for HOFs in removing a variety of pollutants from the environment.
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