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Qi J, Zhang P, Zhang T, Zhang R, Zhang Q, Wang J, Zong M, Gong Y, Liu X, Wu X, Li B. Metal-doped carbon dots for biomedical applications: From design to implementation. Heliyon 2024; 10:e32133. [PMID: 38868052 PMCID: PMC11168406 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e32133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2024] [Revised: 04/24/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs), as a new kind of fluorescent nanomaterials, show great potential for application in several fields due to their unique nano-size effect, easy surface functionalization, controllable photoluminescence, and excellent biocompatibility. Conventional preparation methods for CDs typically involve top-down and bottom-up approaches. Doping is a major step forward in CDs design methodology. Chemical doping includes both non-metal and metal doping, in which non-metal doping is an effective strategy for modulating the fluorescence properties of CDs and improving photocatalytic performance in several areas. In recent years, Metal-doped CDs have aroused the interest of academics as a promising nano-doping technique. This approach has led to improvements in the physicochemical and optical properties of CDs by altering their electron density distribution and bandgap capacity. Additionally, the issues of metal toxicity and utilization have been addressed to a large extent. In this review, we categorize metals into two major groups: transition group metals and rare-earth group metals, and an overview of recent advances in biomedical applications of these two categories, respectively. Meanwhile, the prospects and the challenges of metal-doped CDs for biomedical applications are reviewed and concluded. The aim of this paper is to break through the existing deficiencies of metal-doped CDs and fully exploit their potential. I believe that this review will broaden the insight into the synthesis and biomedical applications of metal-doped CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Qi
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi, China
| | - Pengfei Zhang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi, China
| | - Ran Zhang
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi, China
| | - Qingmei Zhang
- Taiyuan University of Science and Technology, Taiyuan, 030024, Shanxi, China
| | - Jue Wang
- The First Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
| | - Mingrui Zong
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi, China
| | - Yajuan Gong
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi, China
| | - Xiaoming Liu
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi, China
| | - Xiuping Wu
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi, China
| | - Bing Li
- Shanxi Medical University School and Hospital of Stomatology, Taiyuan, 030001, Shanxi, China
- Shanxi Province Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases Prevention and New Materials, Taiyuan, 030001 Shanxi, China
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Zou Y, Shi Y, Wang T, Ji S, Zhang X, Shen T, Huang X, Xiao J, Farag MA, Shi J, Zou X. Quantum dots as advanced nanomaterials for food quality and safety applications: A comprehensive review and future perspectives. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2024; 23:e13339. [PMID: 38578165 DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.13339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
The importance of food quality and safety lies in ensuring the best product quality to meet consumer demands and public health. Advanced technologies play a crucial role in minimizing the risk of foodborne illnesses, contamination, drug residue, and other potential hazards in food. Significant materials and technological advancements have been made throughout the food supply chain. Among them, quantum dots (QDs), as a class of advanced nanomaterials with unique physicochemical properties, are progressively demonstrating their value in the field of food quality and safety. This review aims to explore cutting-edge research on the different applications of QDs in food quality and safety, including encapsulation of bioactive compounds, detection of food analytes, food preservation and packaging, and intelligent food freshness indicators. Moreover, the modification strategies and potential toxicities of diverse QDs are outlined, which can affect performance and hinder applications in the food industry. The findings suggested that QDs are mainly used in analyte detection and active/intelligent food packaging. Various food analytes can be detected using QD-based sensors, including heavy metal ions, pesticides, antibiotics, microorganisms, additives, and functional components. Moreover, QD incorporation aided in improving the antibacterial and antioxidant activities of film/coatings, resulting in extended shelf life for packaged food. Finally, the perspectives and critical challenges for the productivity, toxicity, and practical application of QDs are also summarized. By consolidating these essential aspects into this review, the way for developing high-performance QD-based nanomaterials is presented for researchers and food technologists to better capitalize upon this technology in food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yucheng Zou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing (Jiangsu University), Jiangsu Education Department, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Yongqiang Shi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing (Jiangsu University), Jiangsu Education Department, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Tianxing Wang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing (Jiangsu University), Jiangsu Education Department, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Shengyang Ji
- College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xinai Zhang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing (Jiangsu University), Jiangsu Education Department, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Tingting Shen
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing (Jiangsu University), Jiangsu Education Department, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaowei Huang
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing (Jiangsu University), Jiangsu Education Department, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Jianbo Xiao
- Department of Analytical and Food Chemistry, Universidade de Vigo, Ourense, Spain
| | - Mohamed A Farag
- Pharmacognosy Department, College of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo P.B., Egypt
| | - Jiyong Shi
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing (Jiangsu University), Jiangsu Education Department, Zhenjiang, China
| | - Xiaobo Zou
- School of Food and Biological Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, Jiangsu, China
- International Joint Research Laboratory of Intelligent Agriculture and Agri-products Processing (Jiangsu University), Jiangsu Education Department, Zhenjiang, China
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Li J, Zhao X, Gong X. The Emerging Star of Carbon Luminescent Materials: Exploring the Mysteries of the Nanolight of Carbon Dots for Optoelectronic Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2400107. [PMID: 38461525 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs), a class of carbon-based nanomaterials with dimensions less than 10 nm, have attracted significant interest since their discovery. They possess numerous excellent properties, such as tunability of photoluminescence, environmental friendliness, low cost, and multifunctional applications. Recently, a large number of reviews have emerged that provide overviews of their synthesis, properties, applications, and their composite functionalization. The application of CDs in the field of optoelectronics has also seen unprecedented development due to their excellent optical properties, but reviews of them in this field are relatively rare. With the idea of deepening and broadening the understanding of the applications of CDs in the field of optoelectronics, this review for the first time provides a detailed summary of their applications in the field of luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs), light-emitting diodes (LEDs), solar cells, and photodetectors. In addition, the definition, categories, and synthesis methods of CDs are briefly introduced. It is hoped that this review can bring scholars more and deeper understanding in the field of optoelectronic applications of CDs to further promote the practical applications of CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiurong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xiujian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
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Guo Y, Wang Z, Chen Y, Chao F, Xu Y, Qu LL, Wu FG, Dong X. Ultrabright Green-Emissive Nanodots for Precise Biological Visualization. NANO LETTERS 2024; 24:2264-2272. [PMID: 38324803 DOI: 10.1021/acs.nanolett.3c04520] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Developing general methods to fabricate water-dispersible and biocompatible fluorescent probes will promote different biological visualization applications. Herein, we report a metal-facilitated method to fabricate ultrabright green-emissive nanodots via the one-step solvothermal treatment of rose bengal, ethanol, and various metal ions. These metal-doped nanodots show good water dispersity, ultrahigh photoluminescence quantum yields (PLQYs) (e.g., the PLQY of Fe-doped nanodots (FeNDs) was ∼97%), and low phototoxicity. Owing to the coordination effect of metal ions, the FeNDs realize glutathione detection with outstanding properties. Benefiting from the high endoplasmic reticulum (ER) affinity of the chloride group, the FeNDs can act as an ER tracker with long ER imaging capacity (FeNDs: >24 h; commercial ER tracker: ∼1 h) and superb photostability and can achieve tissue visualization in living Caenorhabditis elegans. The metal-doped nanodots represent a general nanodot preparation method and may shed new light on diverse biological visualization uses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuxin Guo
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Road, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Zihao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Yu Chen
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Road, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Furong Chao
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Road, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Yin Xu
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Road, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Lu-Lu Qu
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Road, Xuzhou 221116, China
| | - Fu-Gen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Digital Medical Engineering, School of Biological Science and Medical Engineering, Southeast University, 2 Sipailou Road, Nanjing 210096, China
| | - Xiaochen Dong
- School of Chemistry & Materials Science, Jiangsu Normal University, 101 Shanghai Road, Xuzhou 221116, China
- Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics (KLOFE) and Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing Tech University (NanjingTech), Nanjing 211816, China
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5
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Li TX, Zhao DF, Li L, Meng Y, Xie YH, Feng D, Wu F, Xie D, Liu Y, Mei Y. Unraveling fluorescent mechanism of biomass-sourced carbon dots based on three major components: Cellulose, lignin, and protein. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2024; 394:130268. [PMID: 38154737 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.130268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2023] [Revised: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/30/2023]
Abstract
The complexity of biomass components leads to significant variations in the performance of biomass-based carbon dots (CDs). To shed light on this matter, this study presents a comparative analysis of the fluorescence properties of CDs using pure cellulose, lignin, and protein as models. Three CDs showed different fluorescent properties, resulting from the structure difference and carbonization behavior in the hydrothermal. The relatively gentle thermal degradation of proteins allows the macromolecular structure of amino acids to be preserved. This preservation results in a more regular lattice structure, a larger sp2 domain size, and N-doping, which contribute to the highest quantum yield (QY) of 8.7% of the CDs. In contrast, cellulose undergoes more severe thermal degradation with large amounts of small molecules generated, resulting in the CDs with fewer surface defects, more irregular lattice structures, and lower QY. These results provide a guideline for the design of carbon dots from different biomass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tian-Xiang Li
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Saving in Phosphorus Chemical Engineering and New Phosphorus Materials, The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Phosphorus Chemical Engineering of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - De-Fang Zhao
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Saving in Phosphorus Chemical Engineering and New Phosphorus Materials, The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Phosphorus Chemical Engineering of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Lin Li
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Saving in Phosphorus Chemical Engineering and New Phosphorus Materials, The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Phosphorus Chemical Engineering of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yang Meng
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Saving in Phosphorus Chemical Engineering and New Phosphorus Materials, The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Phosphorus Chemical Engineering of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan 650500, China; The International Joint Laboratory for Sustainable Polymers of Yunnan Province, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yu-Hui Xie
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Saving in Phosphorus Chemical Engineering and New Phosphorus Materials, The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Phosphorus Chemical Engineering of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan 650500, China; The International Joint Laboratory for Sustainable Polymers of Yunnan Province, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Dong Feng
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Saving in Phosphorus Chemical Engineering and New Phosphorus Materials, The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Phosphorus Chemical Engineering of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan 650500, China; The International Joint Laboratory for Sustainable Polymers of Yunnan Province, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Feng Wu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Saving in Phosphorus Chemical Engineering and New Phosphorus Materials, The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Phosphorus Chemical Engineering of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan 650500, China; The International Joint Laboratory for Sustainable Polymers of Yunnan Province, Yunnan 650500, China; Engineering Research Center of Biodegradable Polymers, Educational Commission of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
| | - Delong Xie
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Saving in Phosphorus Chemical Engineering and New Phosphorus Materials, The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Phosphorus Chemical Engineering of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan 650500, China; The International Joint Laboratory for Sustainable Polymers of Yunnan Province, Yunnan 650500, China; Engineering Research Center of Biodegradable Polymers, Educational Commission of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China.
| | - Yuxin Liu
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Saving in Phosphorus Chemical Engineering and New Phosphorus Materials, The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Phosphorus Chemical Engineering of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan 650500, China; Engineering Research Center of Biodegradable Polymers, Educational Commission of Yunnan Province, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, China
| | - Yi Mei
- Yunnan Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Saving in Phosphorus Chemical Engineering and New Phosphorus Materials, The Higher Educational Key Laboratory for Phosphorus Chemical Engineering of Yunnan Province, Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Yunnan 650500, China; The International Joint Laboratory for Sustainable Polymers of Yunnan Province, Yunnan 650500, China
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Wang X, Hu J, Wei H, Li Z, Liu J, Zhang J, Yang S. Ultra-fast solvent-free protocol remodels the large-scale synthesis of carbon dots for nucleolus-targeting and white light-emitting diodes. J Colloid Interface Sci 2023; 649:785-794. [PMID: 37385043 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2023.06.171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 06/05/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs) provides unprecedented opportunities for optical applications due its unique properties, but the energy-extensive consumption, high-risk factor and time-consuming synthesis procedure greatly hinders its industrialization process. Herein, we proposed an ultra-low energy consumption solvent-free synthetic strategy for fast preparing green/red fluorescence carbon dots (G-/R-CDs) using m-/o-phenylenediamine and primary amine hydrochloride. The involvement of primary amine hydrochloride can improve the formation rate of G-CDs/R-CDs through effectively absorbing microwave energy and providing acid react environment. The developed CDs exhibit good fluorescence efficiency, optical stability and membrane permeability for dexterous bioimaging in vivo. Based on inherently high nitrogen content, the G-CDs/R-CDs possess excellent nuclear/nucleolus targeting ability, and were successfully applied for screening cancer and normal cells. Furthermore, the G-CDs/R-CDs were further applied for fabricating high-safety and high-color rendering index white light-emitting diodes, providing a perfect candidate for indoor lighting. This study opens up new horizons for advancing practical applications of CDs in related fields of biology and optics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Jinshuang Hu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Hua Wei
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Zihan Li
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Jian Liu
- Institute of Advanced Materials, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China
| | - Shenghong Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, PR China.
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Yang Z, Xu T, Li H, She M, Chen J, Wang Z, Zhang S, Li J. Zero-Dimensional Carbon Nanomaterials for Fluorescent Sensing and Imaging. Chem Rev 2023; 123:11047-11136. [PMID: 37677071 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrev.3c00186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Abstract
Advances in nanotechnology and nanomaterials have attracted considerable interest and play key roles in scientific innovations in diverse fields. In particular, increased attention has been focused on carbon-based nanomaterials exhibiting diverse extended structures and unique properties. Among these materials, zero-dimensional structures, including fullerenes, carbon nano-onions, carbon nanodiamonds, and carbon dots, possess excellent bioaffinities and superior fluorescence properties that make these structures suitable for application to environmental and biological sensing, imaging, and therapeutics. This review provides a systematic overview of the classification and structural properties, design principles and preparation methods, and optical properties and sensing applications of zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterials. Recent interesting breakthroughs in the sensitive and selective sensing and imaging of heavy metal pollutants, hazardous substances, and bioactive molecules as well as applications in information encryption, super-resolution and photoacoustic imaging, and phototherapy and nanomedicine delivery are the main focus of this review. Finally, future challenges and prospects of these materials are highlighted and envisaged. This review presents a comprehensive basis and directions for designing, developing, and applying fascinating fluorescent sensors fabricated based on zero-dimensional carbon nanomaterials for specific requirements in numerous research fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, P. R. China
| | - Tiantian Xu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, P. R. China
| | - Hui Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xi'an University of Science and Technology, Xi'an 710054, P. R. China
| | - Mengyao She
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Jiao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Resource Biology and Modern Biotechnology in Western China, Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology of Shaanxi, The College of Life Sciences, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, P. R. China
| | - Zhaohui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Shengyong Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
| | - Jianli Li
- Key Laboratory of Synthetic and Natural Functional Molecule of the Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry & Materials Science, Northwest University, Xi'an 710127, P. R. China
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Pascual-Esco A, Lleonart P, Calvo-López A, Alonso-Chamarro J, Puyol M. Live synthesis of selective carbon dots as fluorescent probes for cobalt determination in water with an automatic microanalyzer. Mikrochim Acta 2023; 190:400. [PMID: 37723255 PMCID: PMC10506924 DOI: 10.1007/s00604-023-05975-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
A new strategy integrating the straight synthesis of carbon dots (CDs) and their direct use for the determination of heavy metals by means of fluorescence quenching is presented. The proposal consists of a modular analyzer, which includes a low temperature co-fired ceramics (LTCC) microreactor for the synthesis of CDs and a cyclic olefin copolymer (COC) microfluidic platform, which automatically performs a reverse flow injection analysis (rFIA) protocol for the determination of heavy metal ions in water by CD fluorescence quenching. As a proof of concept, nitrogen-doped CDs were synthesized from acrylic acid and ethylenediamine (ED) with quantum yields (QYs) of up to 44%, which are selective to cobalt. With the described system, we synthesized homogeneous CDs without the need for further purification and with the minimum consumption of reagents, and optimized fluorescence measurements can be performed with freshly obtained luminescent nanomaterials that have not undergone decomposition processes. They have an average hydrodynamic diameter of 4.2 ± 0.9 nm and maximum excitation and emission wavelengths at 358 nm and 452 nm, respectively. The system allows the automatic dilution and buffering of the synthesized CDs and the sample prior to the determination of cobalt. The concentration of cobalt was determined with good sensitivity and a limit of detection of 7 μg·L-1 with a linear range of 0.02-1 mg·L-1 of Co2+. Spiked tap water and river water samples were analyzed, obtaining recovery from 98 to 104%. This demonstrates the potential of the equipment as an efficient on-site control system for heavy metal monitoring in water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex Pascual-Esco
- Group of Sensors and Biosensors, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carrer dels Til·lers s/n, Bellaterra, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Pere Lleonart
- Group of Sensors and Biosensors, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carrer dels Til·lers s/n, Bellaterra, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Antonio Calvo-López
- Group of Sensors and Biosensors, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carrer dels Til·lers s/n, Bellaterra, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Julián Alonso-Chamarro
- Group of Sensors and Biosensors, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carrer dels Til·lers s/n, Bellaterra, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain
| | - Mar Puyol
- Group of Sensors and Biosensors, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Sciences, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Carrer dels Til·lers s/n, Bellaterra, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Spain.
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Du F, Yang LP, Wang LL. Synthetic strategies, properties and sensing application of multicolor carbon dots: recent advances and future challenges. J Mater Chem B 2023; 11:8117-8135. [PMID: 37555267 DOI: 10.1039/d3tb01329d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
Recently, carbon dots (CDs) as newly developed carbon-based nanomaterials due to advantages such as excellent photostability and easy surface functionalization have generated wide application prospects in fields such as biological imaging and chemical sensing. The multicolor emission carbon dots (M-CDs) were acquired through the selection of different carbon source precursors, change of synthesis conditions and synthesis environment. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize the latest research progress in polychromatic CDs from the perspectives of synthesis strategies, luminescent mechanisms, luminescent properties and applications. This review focuses on how to prepare MCDs by changing raw materials and synthesis conditions such as reaction temperature, synthesis time, synthesis pH, and synthesis solvent. This review also presents the optical properties of MCDs, concentration effects, solvent effects, pH effects, elemental doping, and surface passivation on them, as well as their creative applications in the field of sensing applications. It is anticipated that this review will serve as a guide for the development of multifunctional M-CDs and inspire future research on controllable design and preparation of M-CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangfang Du
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Liu-Pan Yang
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
| | - Li-Li Wang
- Postdoctoral Research Station of Basic Medicine, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Hengyang Medical School, University of South China, Hengyang, Hunan, 421001, China.
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Kang J, Ai Q, Zhao A, Wang H, Zhang X, Liu Y, Zhang L, Liu Y. Neurotoxicological mechanisms of carbon quantum dots in a new animal model Dugesia japonica. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 32:711-719. [PMID: 37386302 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-023-02671-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/01/2023]
Abstract
As luminescent nanomaterials, the carbon quantum dots (CQDs) research focused on emerging applications since their discovery. However, their toxicological effects on the natural environment are still unclear. The freshwater planarian Dugesia japonica is distributed extensively in aquatic ecosystems and can regenerate a new brain in 5 days after amputation. Therefore it can be used as a new model organism in the field of neuroregeneration toxicology. In our study, D. japonica was cut and incubated in medium treated with CQDs. The results showed that the injured planarian lost the neuronal ability of brain regeneration after treatment with CQDs. Its Hh signalling system was interfered with at Day 5, and all cultured pieces died on or before Day 10 due to head lysis. Our work reveals that CQDs might affect the nerve regeneration of freshwater planarians via the Hh signalling pathway. The results of this study improve our understanding of CQD neuronal development toxicology and can aid in the development of warning systems for aquatic ecosystem damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Kang
- College of Life Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
| | - Qing Ai
- College of Biomedical Engineering, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Ang Zhao
- College of Life Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Haijiao Wang
- College of Life Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Xiangpeng Zhang
- Third Affiliated Hospital, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | - Yanli Liu
- College of Life Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China
| | | | - Yuqing Liu
- College of Life Science, Xinxiang Medical University, Xinxiang, China.
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Chen S. Editorial for the Special Issue Entitled "Carbon-Based Quantum Dots". NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:nano13091465. [PMID: 37177010 PMCID: PMC10179950 DOI: 10.3390/nano13091465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Carbon-based quantum dots, also known as carbon dots (CDs), are a unique class of carbon-based nanoparticles with sizes below 10 nm [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, 5 Xin Mofan Road, Nanjing 210009, China
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12
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Miao Y, Wang S, Zhang B, Liu L. Carbon dot-based nanomaterials: a promising future nano-platform for targeting tumor-associated macrophages. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1133238. [PMID: 37205099 PMCID: PMC10186348 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1133238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) is the internal environment that tumors depend on for survival and development. Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs), as an important part of the tumor microenvironment, which plays a crucial role in the occurrence, development, invasion and metastasis of various malignant tumors and has immunosuppressant ability. With the development of immunotherapy, eradicating cancer cells by activating the innate immune system has yielded encouraging results, however only a minority of patients show a lasting response. Therefore, in vivo imaging of dynamic TAMs is crucial in patient-tailored immunotherapy to identify patients who will benefit from immunotherapy, monitor efficacy after treatment, and identify alternative strategies for non-responders. Meanwhile, developing nanomedicines based on TAMs-related antitumor mechanisms to effectively inhibit tumor growth is expected to become a promising research field. Carbon dots (CDs), as an emerging member of the carbon material family, exhibit unexpected superiority in fluorescence imaging/sensing, such as near infrared imaging, photostability, biocompatibility and low toxicity. Their characteristics naturally integrate therapy and diagnosis, and when CDs are combined with targeted chemical/genetic/photodynamic/photothermal therapeutic moieties, they are good candidates for targeting TAMs. We concentrate our discussion on the current learn of TAMs and describe recent examples of macrophage modulation based on carbon dot-associated nanoparticles, emphasizing the advantages of their multifunctional platform and their potential for TAMs theranostics.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Lin Liu
- *Correspondence: Butian Zhang, ; Lin Liu,
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