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Bellomo C, Lagostina V, Pavan C, Paganini MC, Turci F. Reaction with Water Vapor Defines Surface Reconstruction and Membranolytic Activity of Quartz Milled in Different Molecular Environments. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024; 20:e2308369. [PMID: 38102095 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202308369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 12/17/2023]
Abstract
Industrial processing of quartz (SiO2) and quartz-containing materials produces toxic dust. Fracturing quartz crystals opens the Si‒O bond and produces highly reactive surface species which mainly react with molecules like water and oxygen. This surface-reconstruction process forms silanol (Si‒OH) on the quartz surface, which can damage biological membranes under specific configurations. To comprehend the impact of the quartz surface restructuring on membranolytic activity, the formation and reactivity of quartz radicals produced in four distinct molecular environments with electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy are evaluated and their membranolytic activity is measured through in vitro hemolysis test. The four molecular environments are formulated with and without molecular water vapor and oxygen (±H2O/±O2). The absence of water favored the formation of surface radical species. In water-rich environments, diamagnetic species prevailed due to radical recombination. Quartz milled in -H2O/±O2 acquired membranolytic activity when exposed to water vapor, unlike quartz milled in +H2O/±O2. After being stabilized by reaction with water vapor, the membranolytic activity of quartz is maintained over time. It is demonstrated that the type and the reactivity of radical sites on quartz are modulated by the outer molecular environment, ultimately determining the biological activity of milled quartz dust.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Bellomo
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, 10125, Italy
- "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos, Other Toxic Particulates, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, 10125, Italy
| | - Valeria Lagostina
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, 10125, Italy
| | - Cristina Pavan
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, 10125, Italy
- "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos, Other Toxic Particulates, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, 10125, Italy
- Louvain Center for Toxicology, Applied Pharmacology, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, 1200, Belgium
| | - Maria Cristina Paganini
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, 10125, Italy
- NIS interdepartmental Center for Nanomaterials for Industry and Sustainability, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, 10125, Italy
| | - Francesco Turci
- Department of Chemistry, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, 10125, Italy
- "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Center for Studies on Asbestos, Other Toxic Particulates, Università degli Studi di Torino, Torino, 10125, Italy
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Pavan C, Santalucia R, Escolano-Casado G, Ugliengo P, Mino L, Turci F. Physico-Chemical Approaches to Investigate Surface Hydroxyls as Determinants of Molecular Initiating Events in Oxide Particle Toxicity. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11482. [PMID: 37511241 PMCID: PMC10380507 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The study of molecular recognition patterns is crucial for understanding the interactions between inorganic (nano)particles and biomolecules. In this review we focus on hydroxyls (OH) exposed at the surface of oxide particles (OxPs) which can play a key role in molecular initiating events leading to OxPs toxicity. We discuss here the main analytical methods available to characterize surface OH from a quantitative and qualitative point of view, covering thermogravimetry, titration, ζ potential measurements, and spectroscopic approaches (NMR, XPS). The importance of modelling techniques (MD, DFT) for an atomistic description of the interactions between membranes/proteins and OxPs surfaces is also discussed. From this background, we distilled a new approach methodology (NAM) based on the combination of IR spectroscopy and bioanalytical assays to investigate the molecular interactions of OxPs with biomolecules and membranes. This NAM has been already successfully applied to SiO2 particles to identify the OH patterns responsible for the OxPs' toxicity and can be conceivably extended to other surface-hydroxylated oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cristina Pavan
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
- "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Louvain Centre for Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Rosangela Santalucia
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces (NIS) Interdepartmental Centre, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Guillermo Escolano-Casado
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces (NIS) Interdepartmental Centre, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Piero Ugliengo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces (NIS) Interdepartmental Centre, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Mino
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces (NIS) Interdepartmental Centre, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - Francesco Turci
- Department of Chemistry, University of Torino, Via Giuria 7, 10125 Torino, Italy
- "G. Scansetti" Interdepartmental Centre for Studies on Asbestos and Other Toxic Particulates, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
- Nanostructured Interfaces and Surfaces (NIS) Interdepartmental Centre, University of Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
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