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Zhan W, Zhang J, Zhang Q, Ye Z, Li B, Zhang C, Yang Z, Xue L, Zhang Z, Ma F, Peng N, Lyu Y, Su Y, Liu M, Zhang X. Flexible iontronics with super stretchability, toughness and enhanced conductivity based on collaborative design of high-entropy topology and multivalent ion-dipole interactions. MATERIALS HORIZONS 2024; 11:4159-4170. [PMID: 38899460 DOI: 10.1039/d4mh00338a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
All-solid-state ionic conductive elastomers (ASSICEs) are emerging as a promising alternative to hydrogels and ionogels in flexible electronics. Nevertheless, the synthesis of ASSICEs with concomitant mechanical robustness, superior ionic conductivity, and cost-effective recyclability poses a formidable challenge, primarily attributed to the inherent contradiction between mechanical strength and ionic conductivity. Herein, we present a collaborative design of high-entropy topological network and multivalent ion-dipole interaction for ASSICEs, and successfully mitigate the contradiction between mechanical robustness and ionic conductivity. Benefiting from the synergistic effect of this design, the coordination, de-coordination, and intrachain transfer of Li+ are effectively boomed. The resultant ASSICEs display exceptional mechanical robustness (breaking strength: 7.45 MPa, fracture elongation: 2621%, toughness: 107.19 MJ m-3) and impressive ionic conductivity (1.15 × 10-2 S m-1 at 25 °C). Furthermore, these ASSICEs exhibit excellent environmental stability (fracture elongation exceeding 1400% at 50 °C or -60 °C) and recyclability. Significantly, the application of these ASSICEs in a strain sensor highlights their potential in various fields, including human-interface communication, aerospace vacuum measurement, and medical balloon monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wang Zhan
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Key Laboratory for Biomedical Testing and High-end Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shannxi, P. R. China.
| | - Jianrui Zhang
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- National Local Joint Engineering Research Center for Precision Surgery & Regenerative Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial Key Laboratory of Magnetic Medicine, Department of Hepatobiliary Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, No. 277 West Yanta Road, Xi'an, 710061, Shaanxi, China
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Spin Quantum Sensor Chips, Universities of Shaanxi Province, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Zhilu Ye
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Key Laboratory for Biomedical Testing and High-end Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shannxi, P. R. China.
| | - Boyang Li
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Cuiling Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Key Laboratory for Biomedical Testing and High-end Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shannxi, P. R. China.
| | - Zihao Yang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Key Laboratory for Biomedical Testing and High-end Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shannxi, P. R. China.
| | - Li Xue
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Key Laboratory for Biomedical Testing and High-end Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shannxi, P. R. China.
| | - Zeying Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Key Laboratory for Biomedical Testing and High-end Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shannxi, P. R. China.
| | - Feng Ma
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Niancai Peng
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, School of Instrument Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Key Laboratory for Biomedical Testing and High-end Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710054, China
| | - Yi Lyu
- School of Chemistry, Engineering Research Center of Energy Storage Materials and Devices of Ministry of Education, National Innovation Platform (Center) for Industry-Education Integration of Energy Storage Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yaqiong Su
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Spin Quantum Sensor Chips, Universities of Shaanxi Province, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Ming Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, Electronic Materials Research Laboratory, Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education, Engineering Research Center of Spin Quantum Sensor Chips, Universities of Shaanxi Province, School of Electronic Science and Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, China.
| | - Xiaohui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, The Key Laboratory of Biomedical Information Engineering of Ministry of Education, Center for Mitochondrial Biology and Medicine, School of Life Science and Technology, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technology, Xi'an Key Laboratory for Biomedical Testing and High-end Equipment, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, Shannxi, P. R. China.
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Aydemir U, Mousa AH, Dicko C, Strakosas X, Shameem MA, Hellman K, Yadav AS, Ekström P, Hughes D, Ek F, Berggren M, Arner A, Hjort M, Olsson R. In situ assembly of an injectable cardiac stimulator. Nat Commun 2024; 15:6774. [PMID: 39117721 PMCID: PMC11310494 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-024-51111-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Without intervention, cardiac arrhythmias pose a risk of fatality. However, timely intervention can be challenging in environments where transporting a large, heavy defibrillator is impractical, or emergency surgery to implant cardiac stimulation devices is not feasible. Here, we introduce an injectable cardiac stimulator, a syringe loaded with a nanoparticle solution comprising a conductive polymer and a monomer that, upon injection, forms a conductive structure around the heart for cardiac stimulation. Following treatment, the electrode is cleared from the body, eliminating the need for surgical extraction. The mixture adheres to the beating heart in vivo without disrupting its normal rhythm. The electrofunctionalized injectable cardiac stimulator demonstrates a tissue-compatible Young's modulus of 21 kPa and a high conductivity of 55 S/cm. The injected electrode facilitates electrocardiogram measurements, regulates heartbeat in vivo, and rectifies arrhythmia. Conductive functionality is maintained for five consecutive days, and no toxicity is observed at the organism, organ, or cellular levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umut Aydemir
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Abdelrazek H Mousa
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Cedric Dicko
- Pure and Applied Biochemistry, Department of Chemistry, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Xenofon Strakosas
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Muhammad Anwar Shameem
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Karin Hellman
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Amit Singh Yadav
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Peter Ekström
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Damien Hughes
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Fredrik Ek
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Magnus Berggren
- Laboratory of Organic Electronics, Department of Science and Technology, Linköping University, Norrköping, Sweden
| | - Anders Arner
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Martin Hjort
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Roger Olsson
- Chemical Biology & Therapeutics, Department of Experimental Medical Science, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
- Department of Chemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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Jia L, Li Y, Ren A, Xiang T, Zhou S. Degradable and Recyclable Hydrogels for Sustainable Bioelectronics. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:32887-32905. [PMID: 38904545 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c05663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/22/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogel bioelectronics has been widely used in wearable sensors, electronic skin, human-machine interfaces, and implantable tissue-electrode interfaces, providing great convenience for human health, safety, and education. The generation of electronic waste from bioelectronic devices jeopardizes human health and the natural environment. The development of degradable and recyclable hydrogels is recognized as a paradigm for realizing the next generation of environmentally friendly and sustainable bioelectronics. This review first summarizes the wide range of applications for bioelectronics, including wearable and implantable devices. Then, the employment of natural and synthetic polymers in hydrogel bioelectronics is discussed in terms of degradability and recyclability. Finally, this work provides constructive thoughts and perspectives on the current challenges toward hydrogel bioelectronics, providing valuable insights and guidance for the future evolution of sustainable hydrogel bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianghao Jia
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Yuanhong Li
- Department of Orthodontics, Shanghai Stomatological Hospital, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Craniomaxillofacial Development and Diseases, Fudan University, Shanghai 200001, China
| | - Aobo Ren
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Tao Xiang
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Shaobing Zhou
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
- Key Laboratory of Advanced Technologies of Materials, Ministry of Education, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 610031, China
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Xia Y, Zhu Y, Zhi X, Guo W, Yang B, Zhang S, Li M, Wang X, Pan C. Transparent Self-Healing Anti-Freezing Ionogel for Monolayered Triboelectric Nanogenerator and Electromagnetic Energy-Based Touch Panel. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2308424. [PMID: 38038698 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202308424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
The advent of Internet of Things and artificial intelligence era necessitates the advancement of self-powered electronics. However, prevalent multifunctional electronics still face great challenges in rigid electrodes, stacked layers, and external power sources to restrict the development in flexible electronics. Here, a transparent, self-healing, anti-freezing (TSA) ionogel composed of fluorine-rich ionic liquid and fluorocarbon elastomer, which is engineered for monolayered triboelectric nanogenerators (M-TENG) and electromagnetic energy-based touch panels is developed. Notably, the TSA-ionogel exhibits remarkable features including outstanding transparency (90%), anti-freezing robustness (253 K), impressive stretchability (600%), and repetitive self-healing capacity. The resultant M-TENG achieves a significant output power density (200 mW m-2 ) and sustains operational stability beyond 1 year. Leveraging this remarkable performance, the M-TENG is adeptly harnessed for biomechanical energy harvesting, self-powered control interface, electroluminescent devices, and enabling wireless control over electrical appliances. Furthermore, harnessing Faraday's induction law and exploiting human body's intrinsic antenna properties, the TSA-ionogel seamlessly transforms into an autonomous multifunctional epidermal touch panel. This touch panel offers impeccable input capabilities through word inscription and participation in the Chinese game of Go. Consequently, the TSA-ionogel's innovation holds the potential to reshape the trajectory of next-generation electronics and profoundly revolutionize the paradigm of human-machine interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yifan Xia
- School of Future Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Yan Zhu
- School of Future Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Xinrong Zhi
- School of Future Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Wenyu Guo
- School of Future Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Biao Yang
- School of Future Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Siyu Zhang
- School of Future Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Mingyuan Li
- School of Future Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Future Technology, Henan University, Kaifeng, 475004, P. R. China
| | - Caofeng Pan
- CAS Center for Excellence in Nanoscience, Beijing Key Laboratory of Micro-nano Energy and Sensor, Beijing Institute of Nanoenergy and Nanosystems, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 101400, P. R. China
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Milian D, Robert de Saint Vincent M, Patarin J, Bodiguel H. Gastropod Slime-Based Gel as an Adjustable Synthetic Model for Human Airway Mucus. Biomacromolecules 2024; 25:400-412. [PMID: 38124283 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c01043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Airway mucus works as a protective barrier in the human body, as it entraps pathogens that will be later cleared from the airways by ciliary transport or by coughing, thus featuring the rheological properties of a highly stretchable gel. Nonetheless, the study of these physical barrier as well as transport properties remains limited due to the restricted and invasive access to lungs and bronchi to retrieve mucus and to the poor repeatability inherent to native mucus samples. To overcome these limits, we report on a biobased synthetic mucus prepared from snail slime and multibranched thiol cross-linker, which are able to establish disulfide bonds, in analogy with the disulfide bonding of mucins, and therefore build viscoelastoplastic hydrogels. The gel macroscopic properties are tuned by modifying the cross-linker and slime concentrations and can quantitatively match those of native sputum from donors with cystic fibrosis (CF) or non-cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis (NCFB) both in the small- and large-deformation regimes. Heterogeneous regimes were locally found in the mucus model by passive microrheology, in which both diffusive and non-diffusive motion are present, similar to what is observed in sputa. The biobased synthetic approach proposed in the present study thus allows to produce, with commercially available components, a promising model to native respiratory mucus regarding both mechanical and, to a lesser extent, physicochemical aspects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Milian
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LRP, 38000 Grenoble, France
- Rheonova, 1 Allée de Certèze, 38610 Gières, France
| | | | | | - Hugues Bodiguel
- Univ. Grenoble Alpes, CNRS, Grenoble INP, LRP, 38000 Grenoble, France
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Thang NH, Chien TB, Cuong DX. Polymer-Based Hydrogels Applied in Drug Delivery: An Overview. Gels 2023; 9:523. [PMID: 37504402 PMCID: PMC10379988 DOI: 10.3390/gels9070523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Polymer-based hydrogels are hydrophilic polymer networks with crosslinks widely applied for drug delivery applications because of their ability to hold large amounts of water and biological fluids and control drug release based on their unique physicochemical properties and biocompatibility. Current trends in the development of hydrogel drug delivery systems involve the release of drugs in response to specific triggers such as pH, temperature, or enzymes for targeted drug delivery and to reduce the potential for systemic toxicity. In addition, developing injectable hydrogel formulations that are easily used and sustain drug release during this extended time is a growing interest. Another emerging trend in hydrogel drug delivery is the synthesis of nano hydrogels and other functional substances for improving targeted drug loading and release efficacy. Following these development trends, advanced hydrogels possessing mechanically improved properties, controlled release rates, and biocompatibility is developing as a focus of the field. More complex drug delivery systems such as multi-drug delivery and combination therapies will be developed based on these advancements. In addition, polymer-based hydrogels are gaining increasing attention in personalized medicine because of their ability to be tailored to a specific patient, for example, drug release rates, drug combinations, target-specific drug delivery, improvement of disease treatment effectiveness, and healthcare cost reduction. Overall, hydrogel application is advancing rapidly, towards more efficient and effective drug delivery systems in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen Hoc Thang
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry, 140 Le Trong Tan, Tan Phu Distrist, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Truong Bach Chien
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry, 140 Le Trong Tan, Tan Phu Distrist, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Dang Xuan Cuong
- Innovation and Entrepreneurship Center, Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry, 140 Le Trong Tan, Tan Phu Distrist, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
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