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Wang Z, Chen K, Xue D. Crystallization of amorphous anodized TiO 2 nanotube arrays. RSC Adv 2024; 14:8195-8203. [PMID: 38469199 PMCID: PMC10925910 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra00852a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Anodized TiO2 nanotube arrays (TNTAs) prepared by anodization have garnered widespread attention due to their unique structure and properties. In this study, we prepared TNTAs of varying lengths by controlling the anodization time. Among them, the nanotubes anodized for 2 h have an inner diameter of approximately 92 nm and a wall thickness of approximately 12 nm. Then we subjected amorphous TNTAs prepared by the anodization method to annealing treatments, systematically analyzing the evolution of morphology and structure with varying annealing temperatures. As the annealing temperature increases, the amorphous successively undergoes transitions to the anatase phase and then to the rutile phase. During the transition to the anatase phase, the structure of the nanotube array remains intact, with the complete preservation of the tubular array structure. However, during the transition to the rutile phase, the tubular array structure is destroyed. To address why the tubular array remains undamaged during the amorphous-to-anatase transition, we subjected amorphous TNTAs to annealing at 300 °C for different durations. Raman spectroscopy was employed for fit analysis, providing insights into the evolution of the molecular structure during the anatase phase transition. Finally, TNTAs annealed at different temperatures were incorporated into lithium-ion batteries. By combining XRD for semi-quantitative phase content and anatase particle size calculations, we established a correlation between structure and electrochemical performance. The results indicate a significant improvement in electrochemical performance for an amorphous-anatase structure obtained through annealing at 300 °C, providing insights for the design of high-performance energy storage materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqiang Wang
- Institute of Novel Semiconductors, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University Jinan 250100 China
| | - Kunfeng Chen
- Institute of Novel Semiconductors, State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University Jinan 250100 China
| | - Dongfeng Xue
- Shenzhen Institute for Advanced Study, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China Shenzhen 518110 China
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Szewczyk J, Iatsunskyi I, Michałowski PP, Załęski K, Lamboux C, Sayegh S, Makhoul E, Cabot A, Chang X, Bechelany M, Coy E. TiO 2/PDA Multilayer Nanocomposites with Exceptionally Sharp Large-Scale Interfaces and Nitrogen Doping Gradient. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:10774-10784. [PMID: 38350850 PMCID: PMC10910457 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
The evolving field of photocatalysis requires the development of new functional materials, particularly those suitable for large-scale commercial systems. One particularly promising approach is the creation of hybrid organic/inorganic materials. Despite being extensively studied, materials such as polydopamine (PDA) and titanium oxide continue to show significant promise for use in such applications. Nitrogen-doped titanium oxide and free-standing PDA films obtained at the air/water interface are particularly interesting. This study introduces a straightforward and reproducible approach for synthesizing a novel class of large-scale multilayer nanocomposites. The method involves the alternate layering of high-quality materials at the air/water interface combined with precise atomic layer deposition techniques, resulting in a gradient nitrogen doping of titanium oxide layers with exceptionally sharp oxide/polymer interfaces. The analysis confirmed the presence of nitrogen in the interstitial and substitutional sites of the TiO2 lattice while maintaining the 2D-like structure of the PDA films. These chemical and structural characteristics translate into a reduction of the band gap by over 0.63 eV and an increase in the photogenerated current by over 60% compared with pure amorphous TiO2. Furthermore, the nanocomposites demonstrate excellent stability during the 1 h continuous photocurrent generation test.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jakub Szewczyk
- NanoBioMedical
Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
- Institut
Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier
Cedex 5, France
| | - Igor Iatsunskyi
- NanoBioMedical
Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Paweł Piotr Michałowski
- Łukasiewicz
Research Network—Institute of Microelectronics and Photonics, Aleja Lotników 32/46, 02-668 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Karol Załęski
- NanoBioMedical
Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
| | - Cassandre Lamboux
- Institut
Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier
Cedex 5, France
| | - Syreina Sayegh
- Institut
Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier
Cedex 5, France
| | - Elissa Makhoul
- Institut
Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier
Cedex 5, France
| | - Andreu Cabot
- Advanced
Materials Department, Catalonia Institute
for Energy Research (IREC), Sant Adrià de Besòs, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Xingqi Chang
- Advanced
Materials Department, Catalonia Institute
for Energy Research (IREC), Sant Adrià de Besòs, 08930 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Mikhael Bechelany
- Institut
Européen des Membranes, IEM, UMR 5635, Univ Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM Place Eugène Bataillon, 34095 Montpellier
Cedex 5, France
- Gulf University
for Science and Technology, GUST, 32093 Hawally, Kuwait
| | - Emerson Coy
- NanoBioMedical
Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, 61-614 Poznan, Poland
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Liu T, Tang X, Zeng Y, Li Y, Jing C, Ling F, Yang H, Zhou X. C-Rich Carbon Nitride Conjugated Polymer Enabling Ion-Migration-Induced Precise Electrochromic Display. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023. [PMID: 38050907 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c15567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2023]
Abstract
The development of electrochromic (EC) displays has been in the challenge of displaying precise patterns, such as characters or high-resolution images of small size. High-performance EC materials as well as efficient, precise-display strategies are still urgent. To enable a microfactor-guided strategy for highly precise display, I3-/I- ion-migration-induced localized electrochromism is developed in an EC device based on the C-rich polymeric carbon nitride (CPCN). The CPCN material with an extended conjugated backbone of individual aromatic nuclei and heptazine rings has been reported possessing remarkable photorechargeable performance. Owing to the self-charging behavior, the CPCN exhibits color switching by the interfacial charge recombination with I3- ions in electrolyte and serves as the EC material with a coloration efficiency of 210.2 cm2 C-1 and an optical contrast of 48.6%. Material synthesis, electrode preparation, device design and fabrication, mechanism analysis, and performance evaluation of the CPCN-based EC display device are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Liu
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Xiao Tang
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Yue Zeng
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Yanhong Li
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Chuan Jing
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Faling Ling
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Hongmei Yang
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
| | - Xianju Zhou
- School of Science, Chongqing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Chongqing 400065, China
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