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Mikhraliieva A, Lima ARS, Jost CL, Nazarkovsky M, Xing Y, Zaitsev V. Mesoporous Nitrogen-Doped Holey Reduced Graphene Oxide: Preparation, Purification, and Application for Metal-Free Electrochemical Sensing of Dopamine. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2400650. [PMID: 38566534 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Holey graphenic nanomaterials with porosity within the basal plane attract significant interest. It is observed that the perforation of graphene can enhance the specific surface area of the nanosheet, ensuring effective wetting and penetration of electrolytes to the electrode surface, facilitating rapid charge transfer, and boosting the electrocatalytic efficacy of the transducers. This study reports the first example of nitrogen-doped holey reduced graphene oxide with a mesoporous morphology of the graphene basal plane (N-MHG). It is shown that N-MHG can be synthesized through a one-step hydrothermal treatment of GO using NH3 and H2O2. A straightforward procedure for the purification of N-MHG has also been developed. AFM, TEM, and Raman analyses have revealed that N-MHG possesses a highly mesoporous network structure with a pore size ranging from 10 to 50 nm. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy data have indicated a partial reduction of the graphene oxide sheets during the etching process but also show a 3-5 times higher content of C═O and O-C═O fragments compared to rGO. This could account for the remarkable stability of the N-MHG aqueous suspension. An electrochemical sensor for dopamine analysis is assembled on a glassy carbon electrode with N-MHG/Nafion membrane and characterized by cyclic voltammetry and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Albina Mikhraliieva
- Department of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Marquês de Sao Vicente Street, 225, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22451-900, Brazil
| | - Adriano R S Lima
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratório de Plataformas Eletroquímicas, The Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, CEP 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Cristiane L Jost
- Department of Chemistry, Laboratório de Plataformas Eletroquímicas, The Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, CEP 88040-900, Brazil
| | - Michael Nazarkovsky
- Department of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Marquês de Sao Vicente Street, 225, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22451-900, Brazil
- Mount Engineering, Consulting, Commerce and Participation Ltd, 45 Treze de Maio Av., Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 20031-007, Brazil
| | - Yutao Xing
- Laboratório de Microscopia Eletrônica de Alta Resolução, Centro de Caracterização Avançada para a Indústria de Petróleo (LaMAR/CAIPE), Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ, 24210-346, Brazil
| | - Volodymyr Zaitsev
- Department of Chemistry, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio de Janeiro, Marquês de Sao Vicente Street, 225, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, 22451-900, Brazil
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Li J, Zhao X, Gong X. The Emerging Star of Carbon Luminescent Materials: Exploring the Mysteries of the Nanolight of Carbon Dots for Optoelectronic Applications. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2400107. [PMID: 38461525 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202400107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Carbon dots (CDs), a class of carbon-based nanomaterials with dimensions less than 10 nm, have attracted significant interest since their discovery. They possess numerous excellent properties, such as tunability of photoluminescence, environmental friendliness, low cost, and multifunctional applications. Recently, a large number of reviews have emerged that provide overviews of their synthesis, properties, applications, and their composite functionalization. The application of CDs in the field of optoelectronics has also seen unprecedented development due to their excellent optical properties, but reviews of them in this field are relatively rare. With the idea of deepening and broadening the understanding of the applications of CDs in the field of optoelectronics, this review for the first time provides a detailed summary of their applications in the field of luminescent solar concentrators (LSCs), light-emitting diodes (LEDs), solar cells, and photodetectors. In addition, the definition, categories, and synthesis methods of CDs are briefly introduced. It is hoped that this review can bring scholars more and deeper understanding in the field of optoelectronic applications of CDs to further promote the practical applications of CDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiurong Li
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xiujian Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
| | - Xiao Gong
- State Key Laboratory of Silicate Materials for Architectures, Wuhan University of Technology, Wuhan, 430070, P. R. China
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Cho H, Bae G, Hong BH. Engineering functionalization and properties of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) with controllable synthesis for energy and display applications. NANOSCALE 2024; 16:3347-3378. [PMID: 38288500 DOI: 10.1039/d3nr05842e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
Graphene quantum dots (GQDs), a new type of 0D nanomaterial, are composed of a graphene lattice with sp2 bonding carbon core and characterized by their abundant edges and wide surface area. This unique structure imparts excellent electrical properties and exceptional physicochemical adsorption capabilities to GQDs. Additionally, the reduction in dimensionality of graphene leads to an open band gap in GQDs, resulting in their unique optical properties. The functional groups and dopants in GQDs are key factors that allow the modulation of these characteristics. So, controlling the functionalization level of GQDs is crucial for understanding their characteristics and further application. This review provides an overview of the properties and structure of GQDs and summarizes recent developments in research that focus on their controllable synthesis, involving functional groups and doping. Additionally, we provide a comprehensive and focused explanation of how GQDs have been advantageously applied in recent years, particularly in the fields of energy storage devices and displays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyeonwoo Cho
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Gaeun Bae
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
| | - Byung Hee Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea.
- Graphene Research Center, Advanced Institute of Convergence Technology, Suwon 16229, Republic of Korea
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Elumalai D, Rodríguez B, Kovtun G, Hidalgo P, Méndez B, Kaleemulla S, Joshi GM, Cuberes MT. Nanostructural Characterization of Luminescent Polyvinyl Alcohol/Graphene Quantum Dots Nanocomposite Films. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 14:5. [PMID: 38202460 PMCID: PMC10780860 DOI: 10.3390/nano14010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2023] [Revised: 12/10/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
This study focuses on the fabrication of polymer nanocomposite films using polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/graphene quantum dots (GQDs). We investigate the relationship between the structural, thermal, and nanoscale morphological properties of these films and their photoluminescent response. Although according to X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and differential thermal analysis (DTA), the incorporation of GQDs does not significantly affect the percentage crystallinity of the PVA matrix, for a range of added GQD concentrations, atomic force microscopy (AFM) showed the formation of islands with apparent crystalline morphology on the surface of the PVA/GQD films. This observation suggests that GQDs presumably act as nucleating agents for island growth. The incorporation of GQDs also led to the formation of characteristic surface pores with increased stiffness and frictional contrast, as indicated by ultrasonic force microscopy (UFM) and frictional force microscopy (FFM) data. The photoluminescence (PL) spectra of the films were found to depend both on the amount of GQDs incorporated and on the film morphology. For GQD loads >1.2%wt, a GQD-related band was observed at ~1650 cm-1 in FT-IR, along with an increase in the PL band at lower energy. For a load of ~2%wt GQDs, the surface morphology was characterized by extended cluster aggregates with lower stiffness and friction than the surrounding matrix, and the PL signal decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dhanumalayan Elumalai
- Department of Applied Mechanics and Project Engineering, Mining and Industrial Engineering School of Almaden, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13400 Almadén, Spain; (D.E.); (G.K.); (G.M.J.)
- Thin Films Laboratory, Center for Functional Materials, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamilnadu, India;
| | - Beatriz Rodríguez
- Department of Physics of Materials, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (B.R.); (P.H.); (B.M.)
| | - Ganna Kovtun
- Department of Applied Mechanics and Project Engineering, Mining and Industrial Engineering School of Almaden, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13400 Almadén, Spain; (D.E.); (G.K.); (G.M.J.)
- Institute of Magnetism NAS of Ukraine and MES of Ukraine, 03142 Kyiv, Ukraine
| | - Pedro Hidalgo
- Department of Physics of Materials, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (B.R.); (P.H.); (B.M.)
| | - Bianchi Méndez
- Department of Physics of Materials, University Complutense of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain; (B.R.); (P.H.); (B.M.)
| | - Shaik Kaleemulla
- Thin Films Laboratory, Center for Functional Materials, Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore 632014, Tamilnadu, India;
| | - Girish M. Joshi
- Department of Applied Mechanics and Project Engineering, Mining and Industrial Engineering School of Almaden, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13400 Almadén, Spain; (D.E.); (G.K.); (G.M.J.)
- Department of Engineering Physics and Engineering Materials, Institute of Chemical Technology Mumbai, Marathwada Campus, Jalna 431203, Maharashtra, India
| | - M. Teresa Cuberes
- Department of Applied Mechanics and Project Engineering, Mining and Industrial Engineering School of Almaden, University of Castilla-La Mancha, 13400 Almadén, Spain; (D.E.); (G.K.); (G.M.J.)
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Balakrishnan T, Sagadevan S, Le MV, Soga T, Oh WC. Recent Progress on Functionalized Graphene Quantum Dots and Their Nanocomposites for Enhanced Gas Sensing Applications. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 14:11. [PMID: 38202466 PMCID: PMC10780593 DOI: 10.3390/nano14010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Gas-sensing technology has witnessed significant advancements that have been driven by the emergence of graphene quantum dots (GQDs) and their tailored nanocomposites. This comprehensive review surveys the recent progress made in the construction methods and applications of functionalized GQDs and GQD-based nanocomposites for gas sensing. The gas-sensing mechanisms, based on the Fermi-level control and charge carrier depletion layer theory, are briefly explained through the formation of heterojunctions and the adsorption/desorption principle. Furthermore, this review explores the enhancements achieved through the incorporation of GQDs into nanocomposites with diverse matrices, including polymers, metal oxides, and 2D materials. We also provide an overview of the key progress in various hazardous gas sensing applications using functionalized GQDs and GQD-based nanocomposites, focusing on key detection parameters such as sensitivity, selectivity, stability, response and recovery time, repeatability, and limit of detection (LOD). According to the most recent data, the normally reported values for the LOD of various toxic gases using GQD-based sensors are in the range of 1-10 ppm. Remarkably, some GQD-based sensors exhibit extremely low detection limits, such as N-GQDs/SnO2 (0.01 ppb for formaldehyde) and GQD@SnO2 (0.10 ppb for NO2). This review provides an up-to-date perspective on the evolving landscape of functionalized GQDs and their nanocomposites as pivotal components in the development of advanced gas sensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thivyah Balakrishnan
- Department of Chemical and Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Bangi 43600, Malaysia
| | - Suresh Sagadevan
- Nanotechnology & Catalysis Research Centre, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Minh-Vien Le
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Ho Chi Minh City University of Technology (HCMUT), Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
- Faculty of Chemical Engineering, Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, Ho Chi Minh City 700000, Vietnam
| | - Tetsuo Soga
- Department of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, Nagoya Institute of Technology, Nagoya 466-8555, Japan
| | - Won-Chun Oh
- Department of Advanced Materials Science and Engineering, Hanseo University, Seosan 356-706, Republic of Korea
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