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Nigam S, Gjelaj E, Wang R, Wei GW, Wang P. Machine Learning and Deep Learning Applications in Magnetic Particle Imaging. J Magn Reson Imaging 2024. [PMID: 38358090 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.29294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/29/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
In recent years, magnetic particle imaging (MPI) has emerged as a promising imaging technique depicting high sensitivity and spatial resolution. It originated in the early 2000s where it proposed a new approach to challenge the low spatial resolution achieved by using relaxometry in order to measure the magnetic fields. MPI presents 2D and 3D images with high temporal resolution, non-ionizing radiation, and optimal visual contrast due to its lack of background tissue signal. Traditionally, the images were reconstructed by the conversion of signal from the induced voltage by generating system matrix and X-space based methods. Because image reconstruction and analyses play an integral role in obtaining precise information from MPI signals, newer artificial intelligence-based methods are continuously being researched and developed upon. In this work, we summarize and review the significance and employment of machine learning and deep learning models for applications with MPI and the potential they hold for the future. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 5 TECHNICAL EFFICACY: Stage 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saumya Nigam
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Elvira Gjelaj
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Lyman Briggs College, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Rui Wang
- Department of Mathematics, College of Natural Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Guo-Wei Wei
- Department of Mathematics, College of Natural Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Natural Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
| | - Ping Wang
- Precision Health Program, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
- Department of Radiology, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing, Michigan, USA
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Velazquez-Albino AC, Nozka A, Melnyk A, Good HJ, Rinaldi-Ramos CM. Post-synthesis Oxidation of Superparamagnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles to Enhance Magnetic Particle Imaging Performance. ACS APPLIED NANO MATERIALS 2024; 7:279-291. [PMID: 38606282 PMCID: PMC11008578 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.3c04442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2024]
Abstract
This study investigates the impact of post-synthesis oxidation on the performance of superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) in magnetic particle imaging (MPI), an emerging technology with applications in diagnostic imaging and theranostics. SPIONs synthesized from iron oleate were subjected to a post-synthesis oxidation treatment with a 1% Oxygen in Argon mixture. MPI performance, gauged via signal intensity and resolution using a MOMENTUM™ scanner, was correlated to the nanoparticles' physical and magnetic properties. Post-synthesis oxidation did not alter physical attributes like size and shape, but significantly enhanced magnetic properties. Saturation magnetization increased from 52% to 93% of the bulk value for magnetite, leading to better MPI performance in terms of signal intensity and resolution. However, the observed MPI performance did not fully align with predictions based on the ideal Langevin model, indicating the need for considering factors like relaxation and shape anisotropy. The findings underscore the potential of post-synthesis oxidation as a method to fine-tune magnetic properties of SPIONs and improve MPI performance, and the need for reproducible synthesis methods that afford finely tuned control of nanoparticle size, shape, and magnetic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Aniela Nozka
- Department of Bioengineering, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634
| | - Andrii Melnyk
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Hayden J Good
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
| | - Carlos M Rinaldi-Ramos
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611-6131
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Tang Y, Li L. The Application of Nanovaccines in Autoimmune Diseases. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:367-388. [PMID: 38229706 PMCID: PMC10790641 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s440612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Autoimmune diseases are diseases caused by the body's chronic immune responses to self-antigens and attacks on the host's own cells, tissues and organs. The dysfunction of innate immunity and adaptive immunity leads to the destruction of autoimmune tolerance, which is the most basic factor leading to pathogenesis. The optimal strategy for autoimmune diseases is to modify the host immune system to restore tolerance. The ideal effect of therapeutic autoimmune diseases is to eliminate the autoantigen-specific spontaneous immune response without interfering with the immune response against other antigens. Therapeutic nanovaccines that produce immune tolerance conform to this principle. Nanomaterials provide a platform for antigen loading and modification due to their unique physical and chemical properties. Nanovaccines based on nanomaterial technology can simultaneously enable antigens and adjuvants to be absorbed by immune cells and induce rapid and durable immunity. Nanovaccines have the advantages of being able to be designed and loaded and of better protecting antigens from premature degradation. Nanovaccines also have the ability to target specific tissues or cells through optimized design. We review the latest research progress of nanovaccines for autoimmune diseases and the design strategies of nanovaccines to promote the development of more effective nanovaccines for autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuhong Tang
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Lili Li
- Department of Dermatology, People's Hospital of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Nanning, People's Republic of China
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