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Gruzdenko A, Mulder DJ, Schenning APHJ, den Toonder JMJ, Debije MG. Dual-Wavelength Volumetric Microlithography for Rapid Production of 4D Microstructures. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2024; 16:22696-22703. [PMID: 38646711 PMCID: PMC11071039 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.4c01883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
4D microstructured actuators are micro-objects made of stimuli-responsive materials capable of induced shape deformations, with applications ranging from microrobotics to smart micropatterned haptic surfaces. The novel technology dual-wavelength volumetric microlithography (DWVML) realizes rapid printing of high-resolution 3D microstructures and so has the potential to pave the way to feasible manufacturing of 4D microdevices. In this work, DWVML is applied for the first time to printing stimuli-responsive materials, namely, liquid crystal networks (LCNs). An LCN photoresist is developed and characterized, and large arrays of up to 5625 LCN micropillars with programmable shape changes are produced by means of DWVML in the time span of seconds, over areas as large as ∼5.4 mm2. The production rate of 0.24 mm3 h-1 is achieved, exceeding speeds previously reported for additive manufacturing of LCNs by 2 orders of magnitude. Finally, a membrane with tunable, micrometer-sized pores is fabricated to illustrate the potential DWVML holds for real-world applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra Gruzdenko
- Stimuli-Responsive
Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Interactive
Polymer Materials (IPM), Eindhoven University
of Technology, Groene
Loper 3, 5612 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk J. Mulder
- Photosynthetic, De Boelelaan
1085, 1081HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Albert P. H. J. Schenning
- Stimuli-Responsive
Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Interactive
Polymer Materials (IPM), Eindhoven University
of Technology, Groene
Loper 3, 5612 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jaap M. J. den Toonder
- Microsystems,
Department of Mechanical Engineering, Eindhoven
University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Interactive
Polymer Materials (IPM), Eindhoven University
of Technology, Groene
Loper 3, 5612 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Institute
for Complex Molecular Systems, Eindhoven
University of Technology, Den Dolech 2, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Michael G. Debije
- Stimuli-Responsive
Functional Materials and Devices, Department of Chemical Engineering
and Chemistry, Eindhoven University of Technology, P.O. Box 513, 5600 MB Eindhoven, The Netherlands
- Interactive
Polymer Materials (IPM), Eindhoven University
of Technology, Groene
Loper 3, 5612 AE Eindhoven, The Netherlands
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