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Song J, Zhang M, Hao T, Yan J, Zhu L, Zhou G, Zeng R, Zhong W, Xu J, Zhou Z, Xue X, Chen CC, Tang W, Zhu H, Ma Z, Tang Z, Zhang Y, Liu F. Design Rules of the Mixing Phase and Impacts on Device Performance in High-Efficiency Organic Photovoltaics. Research (Wash D C) 2022; 2022:9817267. [PMID: 36016691 PMCID: PMC9362714 DOI: 10.34133/2022/9817267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
In nonfullerene acceptor- (NFA-) based solar cells, the exciton splitting takes place at both domain interface and donor/acceptor mixture, which brings in the state of mixing phase into focus. The energetics and morphology are key parameters dictating the charge generation, diffusion, and recombination. It is revealed that tailoringthe electronic properties of the mixing region by doping with larger-bandgap components could reduce the density of state but elevate the filling state level, leading to improved open-circuit voltage (VOC) and reduced recombination. The monomolecular and bimolecular recombinations are shown to be intercorrelated, which show a Gaussian-like relationship with VOC and linear relationship with short-circuit current density (JSC) and fill factor (FF). The kinetics of hole transfer and exciton diffusion scale with JSC similarly, indicating the carrier generation in mixing region and crystalline domain are equally important. From the morphology perspective, the crystalline order could contribute to VOC improvement, and the fibrillar structure strongly affects the FF. These observations highlight the importance of the mixing region and its connection with crystalline domains and point out the design rules to optimize the mixing phase structure, which is an effective approach to further improve device performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingnan Song
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation & Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation & Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Tianyu Hao
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation & Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jun Yan
- Department of Physics, Imperial College London, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Lei Zhu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation & Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Guanqing Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation & Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Rui Zeng
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation & Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Wenkai Zhong
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation & Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Jinqiu Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation & Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Zichun Zhou
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation & Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaonan Xue
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation & Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Chun-Chao Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Weihua Tang
- Institute of Flexible Electronics (IFE, Future Technologies), Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Haiming Zhu
- Department of Chemistry, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Zaifei Ma
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Zheng Tang
- Center for Advanced Low-Dimension Materials, State Key Laboratory for Modification of Chemical Fibers and Polymer Materials, College of Materials Science and Engineering, Donghua University, Shanghai 201620, China
| | - Yongming Zhang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation & Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorinated Functional Membrane Materials and Dongyue Future Hydrogen Energy Materials Company, Zibo City, Shandong Province 256401, China
| | - Feng Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Center of Hydrogen Science, Shanghai Key Lab of Electrical Insulation & Thermal Aging, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorinated Functional Membrane Materials and Dongyue Future Hydrogen Energy Materials Company, Zibo City, Shandong Province 256401, China
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Xu J, Jo SB, Chen X, Zhou G, Zhang M, Shi X, Lin F, Zhu L, Hao T, Gao K, Zou Y, Su X, Feng W, Jen AKY, Zhang Y, Liu F. The Molecular Ordering and Double-Channel Carrier Generation of Nonfullerene Photovoltaics within Multi-Length-Scale Morphology. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2022; 34:e2108317. [PMID: 35218262 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202108317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The success of nonfullerene acceptor (NFA) solar cells lies in their unique physical properties beyond the extended absorption and suitable energy levels. The current study investigates the morphology and photophysical behavior of PBDB-T donor blending with ITIC, 4TIC, and 6TIC acceptors. Single-crystal study shows that the π-π stacking and side-chain interaction dictate molecular assembly, which can be carried to blended films, forming a multi-length-scale morphology. Spontaneous carrier generation is seen in ITIC, 4TIC, and 6TIC neat films and their blended thin films using the PBDB-T donor, providing a new avenue of zero-energy-loss carrier formation. The molecular packing associated with specific contacts and geometry is key in influencing the photophysics, as demonstrated by the charge transfer and carrier lifetime results. The 2D layer of 6TIC facilitates the exciton-to-polaron conversion, and the largest photogenerated polaron yield is obtained. The new mechanism, together with the highly efficient blending region carrier generation, has the prospect of the fundamental advantage for NFA solar cells, from molecular assembly to thin-film morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinqiu Xu
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Center of Hydrogen Science, and In Situ Center for Physical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Sae Byeok Jo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- School of Chemical Engineering, Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, 16419, Republic of Korea
| | - Xiankai Chen
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research (OPERA), Kyushu University, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan
| | - Guanqing Zhou
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Center of Hydrogen Science, and In Situ Center for Physical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Center of Hydrogen Science, and In Situ Center for Physical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Xueliang Shi
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Francis Lin
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - Lei Zhu
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Center of Hydrogen Science, and In Situ Center for Physical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Tianyu Hao
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Center of Hydrogen Science, and In Situ Center for Physical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Ke Gao
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Science Center for Material Creation and Energy Conversion, Institute of Frontier and Interdisciplinary Science, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, P. R. China
| | - Yecheng Zou
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorinated Functional Membrane Materials and Dongyue Future Hydrogen Energy Materials Company, Zibo City, Shandong Province, 256401, P. R. China
| | - Xuan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorinated Functional Membrane Materials and Dongyue Future Hydrogen Energy Materials Company, Zibo City, Shandong Province, 256401, P. R. China
| | - Wei Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Fluorinated Functional Membrane Materials and Dongyue Future Hydrogen Energy Materials Company, Zibo City, Shandong Province, 256401, P. R. China
| | - Alex K-Y Jen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and Department of Chemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
- Department of Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, 999077, China
| | - Yongming Zhang
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Center of Hydrogen Science, and In Situ Center for Physical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Frontiers Science Center for Transformative Molecules, Center of Hydrogen Science, and In Situ Center for Physical Sciences, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
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