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Li W, Wu H, Huang Y, Yao Y, Hou Y, Teng Q, Cai M, Wu J. Ultra-Fast-Healing Glassy Hyperbranched Plastics Capable of Restoring 26.4 MPa Tensile Strength within One Minute at Room Temperature. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2024; 63:e202408250. [PMID: 38839568 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202408250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2024] [Revised: 05/29/2024] [Accepted: 06/05/2024] [Indexed: 06/07/2024]
Abstract
The growing concern regarding widespread plastic pollution has propelled the development of sustainable self-healing plastics. Although considerable efforts have been dedicated to fabricating self-healing plastics, achieving rapid healing at room temperature is extremely challenging. Herein, we have developed an ultra-fast-healing glassy polyurethane (UGPU) by designing a hyperbranched molecular structure with a high density of multiple hydrogen bonds (H-bonds) on compliant acyclic heterochains and introducing trace water to form water bridge across the fractured surfaces. The compliant acyclic heterochains allow the dense multiple hydrogen bonds to form a frozen network, enabling tensile strength of up to 70 MPa and storage modulus of 2.5 GPa. The hyperbranched structure can drive the reorganization of the H-bonding network through the high mobility of the branched chains and terminals, thereby leading to self-healing ability at room temperature. Intriguingly, the presence of trace water vapor facilitates the formation of activated layers and the rearrangement of networks across the fractured UGPU sections, thereby enabling ultra-fast self-healing at room temperature. Consequently, the restored tensile strength after healing for 1 minute achieves a historic-record of 26.4 MPa. Furthermore, the high transparency (>90 %) and ultra-fast healing property of UGPU make it an excellent candidate for advanced optical and structural materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weihang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Haitao Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yue Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Yihang Yao
- Nanostructures for Electronics & Electromechanics Laboratory, School of Engineering, Westlake University, Hangzhou, 310024, P. R. China
| | - Yujia Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Qiancheng Teng
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Minjie Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
| | - Jinrong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China
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2
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Li Z, Lu J, Ji T, Xue Y, Zhao L, Zhao K, Jia B, Wang B, Wang J, Zhang S, Jiang Z. Self-Healing Hydrogel Bioelectronics. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2306350. [PMID: 37987498 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202306350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
Hydrogels have emerged as powerful building blocks to develop various soft bioelectronics because of their tissue-like mechanical properties, superior bio-compatibility, the ability to conduct both electrons and ions, and multiple stimuli-responsiveness. However, hydrogels are vulnerable to mechanical damage, which limits their usage in developing durable hydrogel-based bioelectronics. Self-healing hydrogels aim to endow bioelectronics with the property of repairing specific functions after mechanical failure, thus improving their durability, reliability, and longevity. This review discusses recent advances in self-healing hydrogels, from the self-healing mechanisms, material chemistry, and strategies for multiple properties improvement of hydrogel materials, to the design, fabrication, and applications of various hydrogel-based bioelectronics, including wearable physical and biochemical sensors, supercapacitors, flexible display devices, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs), implantable bioelectronics, etc. Furthermore, the persisting challenges hampering the development of self-healing hydrogel bioelectronics and their prospects are proposed. This review is expected to expedite the research and applications of self-healing hydrogels for various self-healing bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhikang Li
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi'an, 710049, China
- School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jijian Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi'an, 710049, China
- School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Tian Ji
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi'an, 710049, China
- School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Yumeng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene, Xi'an, 710072, China
| | - Libo Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi'an, 710049, China
- School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Kang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi'an, 710049, China
- School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Boqing Jia
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi'an, 710049, China
- School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Bin Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi'an, 710049, China
- School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Jiaxiang Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi'an, 710049, China
- School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
| | - Shiming Zhang
- Department of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, 999077, China
| | - Zhuangde Jiang
- State Key Laboratory for Manufacturing Systems Engineering, International Joint Laboratory for Micro/Nano Manufacturing and Measurement Technologies, Xi'an, 710049, China
- School of Instrument Science and Technology, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, 710049, China
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3
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Li Z, Liu P, Chen S, Wang B, Liu S, Cui E, Li F, Yu Y, Pan W, Tang N, Gu Y. Polyvinyl alcohol/chitosan based nanocomposite organohydrogel flexible wearable strain sensors for sports monitoring and underwater communication rescue. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:129054. [PMID: 38159708 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.129054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/24/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Hydrogel-based flexible wearable sensors have garnered significant attention in recent years. However, the use of hydrogel, a biomaterial known for its high toughness, environmental friendliness, and frost resistance, poses a considerable challenge. In this study, we propose a stepwise construction and multiple non-covalent interaction matching strategy to successfully prepare dynamically physically crosslinked multifunctional conductive hydrogels. These hydrogels self-assembled to form a rigid crosslinked network through intermolecular hydrogen bonding and metal ion coordination chelation. Furthermore, the freeze-thawing process promoted the formation of poly(vinyl alcohol) microcrystalline domains within the amorphous hydrogel network system, resulting in exceptional mechanical properties, including a tensile strength (2.09 ± 0.01 MPa) and elongation at break of 562 ± 12 %. It can lift 10,000 times its own weight. Additionally, these hydrogels exhibit excellent resistance to swelling and maintain good toughness even at temperatures as low as -60 °C. As a wearable strain sensor with remarkable sensing ability (GF = 1.46), it can be effectively utilized in water and underwater environments. Moreover, it demonstrates excellent antimicrobial properties against Escherichia coli (Gram-negative bacteria). Leveraging its impressive sensing ability, we combine signal recognition with a deep learning model by incorporating Morse code for encryption and decryption, enabling information transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenchun Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China
| | - Peng Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China.
| | - Shaowei Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China
| | - Bingzhen Wang
- College of Guangxi, Guangxi University, Nanning, Guangxi 530000, China
| | - Shiyuan Liu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China
| | - Enyuan Cui
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China
| | - Feihong Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China
| | - Yunwu Yu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China
| | - Wenhao Pan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China
| | - Ning Tang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China
| | - Yaxin Gu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shenyang Jianzhu University, Shenyang 110168, China
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4
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He S, Liu Z, Wu X, Liu J, Fang H, Shao W. Novel flexible hydrogels based on carboxymethyl guar gum and polyacrylic acid for ultra-highly sensitive and reliable strain and pressure sensors. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 324:121515. [PMID: 37985099 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.121515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/22/2023]
Abstract
To realize on stable and real-time monitoring of human activities, novel hydrogels using polyacrylic acid (PAA) and carboxymethyl guar gum (CMGG) were fabricated as wearable and flexible strain or pressure sensors in the presence of lignosulfonate (LS) and Al3+. Based on the co-existence of metal coordination bonds, hydrogen bonds and ionic interaction in this system, the obtained hydrogels exhibited desirable mechanical properties with good self-recovery ability. The hydrogels displayed good self-adhesion behavior and an ultra-high tensile sensitivity (gauge factor (GF) = 24.30), therefore, they could precisely detect human joints movements such as elbow, wrist, and finger bending as well as tiny movements and external stimuli such as swallowing, smile, frown, pulse, speaking, writing, and even the falling of different liquid drops. Additionally, the hydrogels showed excellent self-healing ability with the healing efficiency as high as 100 % after 30 h. Most importantly, the healed hydrogel could perform the same sensing performance as before. Based on these distinguished characteristics, this hydrogel represents great potentials in wearable and flexible sensors for long-term and stable health monitoring application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shu He
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Zeng Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Xing Wu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Jia Liu
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Hongli Fang
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
| | - Wei Shao
- Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center of Efficient Processing and Utilization of Forest Resources, College of Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China.
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5
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Wei J, Xiao P, Chen T. Water-Resistant Conductive Gels toward Underwater Wearable Sensing. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2023; 35:e2211758. [PMID: 36857417 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202211758] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Conductive gels are developing vigorously as superior wearable sensing materials due to their intrinsic conductivity, softness, stretchability, and biocompatibility, showing a great potential in many aspects of lives. However, compared to their wide application on land, it is significant yet rather challenging for traditional conductive gels to realize sensing application under water. The swelling of gels and the loss of conductive components in the aqueous environment, resulted from the diffusion across the interface, lead to structural instability and sensing performance decline. Fortunately, great efforts are devoted to improving the water resistance of conductive gels and employing them in the field of underwater wearable sensing in recent years, and some exciting achievements are obtained, which are of great significance for promoting the safety and efficiency of underwater activities. However, there is no review to thoroughly summarize the underwater sensing application of conductive gels. This review presents a brief overview of the representative design strategies for developing water-resistant conductive gels and their diversified applications in the underwater sensing field as wearable sensors. Finally, the ongoing challenges for further developing water-resistant conductive gels for underwater wearable sensing are also discussed along with recommendations for the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junjie Wei
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Peng Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tao Chen
- Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Related Technologies, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Marine Materials and Protective Technologies, Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ningbo, 315201, China
- School of Chemical Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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6
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Shi Y, Tian Y, Guan Y, Kang X, Li Y, Ren K, Wen C, Ning C, Zhou L, Fu R, Tan G. All-Polymer Piezoelectric Elastomer with High Stretchability, Low Hysteresis, Self-Adhesion, and UV-Blocking as Flexible Sensor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:43003-43015. [PMID: 37650377 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
All-polymer piezoelectric elastomers that integrate self-powered, soft, and elastic performance are attractive in the fields of flexible wearable electronics and human-machine interfaces. However, a lack of adhesion and UV-blocking performances greatly hinders the potential applications of elastomers in these emerging fields. Here, a high-performance piezoelectric elastomer with piezoelectricity, mechanical robustness, self-adhesion, and UV-resistance was developed by using poly(vinylidene fluoride) (PVDF), acrylonitrile (AN), acrylamide (AAm), and oxidized tannic acid (OTA) (named PPO). In this design, the dipole-dipole interactions between the PVDF and PAN chains promoted the content of β-PVDF, endowing high piezoelectric coefficient (d33, 58 pC/N). Besides, high stretchability (∼500%), supercompressibility (∼98%), low Young's modulus (∼0.02 MPa), and remarkable elasticity (∼13.8% hysteresis ratio) were achieved simultaneously for the elastomers. Inspired by the mussel adhesion chemistry, the OTA containing abundant catechol and quinone groups provided high adhesion (93.26 kPa to wood) and an exceptional UV-blocking property (∼99.9%). In addition, the elastomers can produce a reliable electric signal output (Vocmax = 237 mV) and show a fast response (24 ms) when subjected to external force. Furthermore, the elastomer can be easily assembled as a wearable sensor for human physiological (body pulse and speech identification) monitoring and communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongdong Shi
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yu Tian
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Youjun Guan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Xinchang Kang
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Yuanxing Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| | - Kunyu Ren
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Chaoyao Wen
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
| | - Chengyun Ning
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| | - Lei Zhou
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Spine Disease Prevention and Treatment, Department of Spine Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510150, P. R. China
| | - Rumin Fu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering & National Engineering Research Center for Tissue Restoration and Reconstruction, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, P. R. China
| | - Guoxin Tan
- School of Chemical Engineering and Light Industry, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, P. R. China
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Cao J, Zhang Z, Li K, Ma C, Zhou W, Lin T, Xu J, Liu X. Self-Healable PEDOT:PSS-PVA Nanocomposite Hydrogel Strain Sensor for Human Motion Monitoring. NANOMATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 13:2465. [PMID: 37686973 PMCID: PMC10489763 DOI: 10.3390/nano13172465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023]
Abstract
Strain sensors based on conducting polymer hydrogels are considered highly promising candidates for wearable electronic devices. However, existing conducting polymer hydrogels are susceptible to aging, damage, and failure, which can greatly deteriorate the sensing performance of strain sensors based on these substances and the accuracy of data collection under large deformation. Developing conductive polymer hydrogels with concurrent high sensing performance and self-healing capability is a critical yet challenging task to improve the stability and lifetime of strain sensors. Herein, we design a self-healable conducting polymer hydrogel by compositing poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene):polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) nanofibers and poly(vinyl alcohol) (PVA) via both physical and chemical crosslinking. This PEDOT:PSS-PVA nanocomposite hydrogel strain sensor displays an excellent strain monitoring range (>200%), low hysteresis (<1.6%), a high gauge factor (GF = 3.18), and outstanding self-healing efficiency (>83.5%). Electronic skins based on such hydrogel strain sensors can perform the accurate monitoring of various physiological signals, including swallowing, finger bending, and knee bending. This work presents a novel conducting polymer hydrogel strain sensor demonstrating both high sensing performance and self-healability, which can satisfy broad application scenarios, such as wearable electronics, health monitoring, etc.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Cao
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China; (J.C.); (Z.Z.)
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Zhilin Zhang
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China; (J.C.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Kaiyun Li
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China; (J.C.); (Z.Z.)
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China
| | - Cha Ma
- Key Laboratory of Organic Chemistry in Jiangxi Province, Institute of Organic Chemistry, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China;
| | - Weiqiang Zhou
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China; (J.C.); (Z.Z.)
| | - Tao Lin
- Department of Orthopedics, Qilu Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Qingdao 266035, China
| | - Jingkun Xu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China; (J.C.); (Z.Z.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering, Qingdao University of Science and Technology, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Ximei Liu
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Flexible Electronics, Flexible Electronics Innovation Institute, Jiangxi Science and Technology Normal University, Nanchang 330013, China; (J.C.); (Z.Z.)
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8
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Chen K, Liang K, Liu H, Liu R, Liu Y, Zeng S, Tian Y. Skin-Inspired Ultra-Tough Supramolecular Multifunctional Hydrogel Electronic Skin for Human-Machine Interaction. NANO-MICRO LETTERS 2023; 15:102. [PMID: 37052831 PMCID: PMC10102281 DOI: 10.1007/s40820-023-01084-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Multifunctional supramolecular ultra-tough bionic e-skin with unique durability for human-machine interaction in complex scenarios still remains challenging. Herein, we develop a skin-inspired ultra-tough e-skin with tunable mechanical properties by a physical cross-linking salting-freezing-thawing method. The gelling agent (β-Glycerophosphate sodium: Gp) induces the aggregation and binding of PVA molecular chains and thereby toughens them (stress up to 5.79 MPa, toughness up to 13.96 MJ m-3). Notably, due to molecular self-assembly, hydrogels can be fully recycled and reprocessed by direct heating (100 °C for a few seconds), and the tensile strength can still be maintained at about 100% after six recoveries. The hydrogel integrates transparency (> 60%), super toughness (up to 13.96 MJ m-3, bearing 1500 times of its own tensile weight), good antibacterial properties (E. coli and S. aureus), UV protection (Filtration: 80%-90%), high electrical conductivity (4.72 S m-1), anti-swelling and recyclability. The hydrogel can not only monitor daily physiological activities, but also be used for complex activities underwater and message encryption/decryption. We also used it to create a complete finger joint rehabilitation system with an interactive interface that dynamically presents the user's health status. Our multifunctional electronic skin will have a profound impact on the future of new rehabilitation medical, human-machine interaction, VR/AR and the metaverse fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Chen
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, People's Republic of China
| | - Kewei Liang
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, People's Republic of China
| | - He Liu
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, People's Republic of China
| | - Ruonan Liu
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, People's Republic of China
| | - Yiying Liu
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, People's Republic of China
| | - Sijia Zeng
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, People's Republic of China
| | - Ye Tian
- College of Medicine and Biological Information Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110169, People's Republic of China.
- Foshan Graduate School of Innovation, Northeastern University, Foshan, 528300, People's Republic of China.
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9
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Li Z, Liu P, Chen S, Liu X, Yu Y, Li T, Wan Y, Tang N, Liu Y, Gu Y. Bioinspired marine antifouling coatings: Antifouling mechanisms, design strategies and application feasibility studies. Eur Polym J 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2023.111997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
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10
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Design and experiment of a pneumatic self-repairing soft actuator. ROBOTICA 2023. [DOI: 10.1017/s0263574723000188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
This paper presents a study on the design and modeling of a novel pneumatic self-repairing soft actuator. The self-repairing soft actuator is composed of driving element, heating element, and repairing element. The driving element completes the deformation of the self-repairing soft actuator. The heating element and the repairing element complete the self-repairing function of the self-repairing soft actuator. A model used to optimize the structure is established, and the structure of the self-repairing soft actuator is determined through finite element analysis and experiment. The self-repairing time model of the soft actuator is established. The influences of different factors on the self-repairing effect and the self-repairing time are analyzed. The self-repairing scheme of the soft actuator is determined. Experiments show that the shortest time for the self-repairing soft actuator to complete the self-repairing process is 83 min. When the self-repairing soft actuator works normally, the bending angle can reach 129.8° and the bending force can reach 24.96 N. After repairing, the bending angle can reach 108.2°, and the bending force can reach 21.85 N. The repaired soft actuator can complete normal locomotion.
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11
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Cao HL, Cai SQ. Recent advances in electronic skins: material progress and applications. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:1083579. [PMID: 36588929 PMCID: PMC9795216 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.1083579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Electronic skins are currently in huge demand for health monitoring platforms and personalized medicine applications. To ensure safe monitoring for long-term periods, high-performance electronic skins that are softly interfaced with biological tissues are required. Stretchability, self-healing behavior, and biocompatibility of the materials will ensure the future application of electronic skins in biomedical engineering. This mini-review highlights recent advances in mechanically active materials and structural designs for electronic skins, which have been used successfully in these contexts. Firstly, the structural and biomechanical characteristics of biological skins are described and compared with those of artificial electronic skins. Thereafter, a wide variety of processing techniques for stretchable materials are reviewed, including geometric engineering and acquiring intrinsic stretchability. Then, different types of self-healing materials and their applications in electronic skins are critically assessed and compared. Finally, the mini-review is concluded with a discussion on remaining challenges and future opportunities for materials and biomedical research.
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Yang Z, Li H, Zhong Y, Lai X, Ding J, Chen Z, Zeng X. Functional Epoxy Elastomer Integrating Self-Healing Capability and Degradability for a Flexible Stretchable Strain Sensor. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:44878-44889. [PMID: 36162082 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
With the rapid development of flexible electronics and the increasing deterioration of the natural environment, functional and environmentally friendly flexible strain sensors have become one of the frontier research hotspots. Here, we propose a novel strategy to synthesize a functional epoxy elastomer integrating self-healing capability and degradability for flexible stretchable strain sensors. A carboxyl-terminated epoxy prepolymer was first synthesized using carboxyl-terminated PEG (PEG-COOH), 2,2'-dithiodibenzoic acid (DTSA), and 1,4-butanediol diglycidyl ether (BDDE), and then crosslinked by epoxidized soybean oil (ESO) to yield an epoxy elastomer. The obtained elastomer exhibited not only high tensile stress (5.07 MPa), large stretchability (477%), and high healing efficiency (92.5%) but also superior degradability in alkaline aqueous solution. The elastomer-based stretchable strain sensor with microstructure showed high sensitivity (GF = 176.71) and was successfully applied for detecting human motions and recognizing objects with various shapes. Moreover, the healed sensor could restore stable sensing ability. The prepared functional epoxy elastomer is of great significance for the preparation of environmentally friendly and high-performance sensors and is promising for applications in the fields of healthcare monitoring, intelligent robots, and wearable electronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhipeng Yang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Hongqiang Li
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Yunchang Zhong
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xuejun Lai
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Jianping Ding
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Zhonghua Chen
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
| | - Xingrong Zeng
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Key Lab of Guangdong Province for High Property and Functional Polymer Materials, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China
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Zhang W, Liang H, Qin X, Yuan J, Wang X, Wang Z, Wang Y, Zhang J, Yang D. Double-Network Luminescent Films Constructed Using Sulfur Quantum Dots and Lanthanide Complexes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:40136-40144. [PMID: 36031815 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c12490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Although UV light-switchable luminescent films are of importance for application in soft optical devices and anticounterfeiting labels, there are still challenges in developing such films integrated with outstanding luminescent property, high self-healing efficiency, and simultaneously excellent mechanical strength. Herein, double-network (DN) luminescent films are designed and constructed via an intermolecular hydrogen bond crosslinking strategy of poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG) in sulfur quantum dots (S-QDs) and polyurethane (PU), where S-QDs ("stone" one) play dual roles of acting both as a soft segment to crosslink another segment PU ("bird" one) and also as the origin of a luminescence center ("bird" two) in films. In addition, lanthanide(III) complexes (LnCs, Ln═Eu3+, Tb3+) are employed as another emission source to embed in the films and switch the emission colors of DN films from the multicolor (red-yellow-green) of LnCs to the blue color of S-QDs by changing the ultraviolet excitation wavelength from 254 to 365 nm. It is worth noting that the crosslinking network strategy can effectively prevent S-QDs and LnCs from aggregating or leaking and enable both luminescence centers to homogeneously distribute, resulting in luminescent DN films possessing extraordinary UV light-switchable luminescence, improved mechanical property, and excellent self-healing ability. This work presents a viable method for the design and fabrication of luminescent films with multifunctional applications in flexible robotics, wearable devices, and dual-luminescent anticounterfeiting materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenyu Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, No. 180 Wusi East Road, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Haiduo Liang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, No. 180 Wusi East Road, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Xueying Qin
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, No. 180 Wusi East Road, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Jiamei Yuan
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, No. 180 Wusi East Road, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Xi Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, No. 180 Wusi East Road, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Zhenguang Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, No. 180 Wusi East Road, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Ying Wang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, No. 180 Wusi East Road, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Jinchao Zhang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, No. 180 Wusi East Road, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China
| | - Daqing Yang
- College of Chemistry and Environmental Science, Key Laboratory of Medicinal Chemistry and Molecular Diagnosis of the Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Analytical Science and Technology of Hebei Province, Hebei University, No. 180 Wusi East Road, Baoding 071002, Hebei, China
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