1
|
Noh J, Park KB, Kwon OK. The prognostic value of postoperative tumor marker conversion for gastric cancer. KOREAN JOURNAL OF CLINICAL ONCOLOGY 2020; 16:119-126. [PMID: 36945721 PMCID: PMC9942728 DOI: 10.14216/kjco.20018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2020] [Revised: 09/20/2020] [Accepted: 10/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Purpose Preoperative positivity of serum tumor markers has been associated with poor long-term survival among patients with gastric cancer. However, there have been a considerable number of patients who have experienced a normalization of tumor markers (negative conversion) after curative treatment. This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between postoperative tumor marker conversion and survival after gastrectomy among gastric carcinoma patients. Methods We analyzed the clinical data of 129 patients who underwent curative gastrectomy with elevated preoperative carcinoembryonic antigen or carbohydrate antigen 19-9 between January 2009 and December 2013. Results Positive tumor markers converted to negative markers 6 months after surgery in 91 patients (70.5%). The patients with a negative conversion of tumor markers had significantly better outcomes than those without negative conversion (overall survival [OS] 63.9 months vs. 41.1 months, P<0.001; disease-free survival [DFS] 59.3 months vs. 33.2 months, P<0.001). Multivariate analyses showed that tumor marker conversion and lymph node metastasis were independent predictors of OS and DFS. During follow-up, tumor markers became elevated again (positive reconversion) in 23 patients (25.3%), with a negative conversion of tumor markers at 6 months after gastrectomy. Among the patients with a positive reconversion of tumor markers, gastric cancer recurred in 18 patients (78.3%). Conclusion Negative tumor marker conversion after curative gastrectomy strongly predicts a better prognosis. Patients without negative tumor marker conversion and those with positive reconversion after normalization should be carefully monitored because of the high possibility of recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jeongju Noh
- Department of Surgery, Kyungpook National University Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Ki Bum Park
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Gastric Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| | - Oh Kyoung Kwon
- Department of Surgery, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Gastric Cancer Center, Kyungpook National University Chilgok Hospital, Daegu, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Chu LY, Peng YH, Yang T, Fang WK, Hong CQ, Huang LS, Xu LY, Li EM, Xu YW, Xie JJ. Circulating Levels of L1-cell Adhesion Molecule as a Serum Biomarker for Early Detection of Gastric Cancer and Esophagogastric Junction Adenocarcinoma. J Cancer 2020; 11:5395-5402. [PMID: 32742486 PMCID: PMC7391208 DOI: 10.7150/jca.41100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Accepted: 04/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Low serum L1 cell adhesion molecule (L1CAM) has been found in several malignant tumors. Here, we aimed to evaluate the diagnostic potential for serum L1CAM in patients with gastric cancers (GC) and esophagogastric junction adenocarcinoma (EJA). Methods: Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was carried out to detect L1CAM level in sera of 148 GC patients, 59 EJA patients and 148 healthy controls. Receiver operating characteristics (ROC) was employed to evaluate diagnostic accuracy. Results: The concentrations of serum L1CAM were significantly lower in GC and EJA than those in healthy controls (P<0.001). Detection of L1CAM provided a sensitivity of 83.1%, a specificity of 62.2%, and an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.769 (95% CI: 0.715-0.823) in diagnosing GC, and a sensitivity of 66.1%, a specificity of 62.2%, and an AUC of 0.672 (95% CI: 0.590-0.755) in diagnosing EJA. Similar results were observed in the diagnosis of early-stage GC (0.681 (95%CI: 0.596-0.766)) and early-stage EJA (0.674 (95%CI: 0.528-0.820)). Analysis of clinical data showed that the levels of L1CAM were significantly associated with lymph node metastasis in GC (P<0.05). Conclusions: Our study showed that serum L1CAM might be a diagnostic biomarker for GC and EJA.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Yu Chu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yu-Hui Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Tian Yang
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Wang-Kai Fang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Chao-Qun Hong
- Department of Oncological Laboratory Research, the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Li-Sheng Huang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- Institute of Oncologic Pathology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - En-Min Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Yi-Wei Xu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, the Cancer Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, China. E-mail addresses: (Jian-Jun Xie) or (Yi-Wei Xu)
| | - Jian-Jun Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
- ✉ Corresponding authors: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shantou University Medical College, No. 22 Xinling Road, Shantou, China. E-mail addresses: (Jian-Jun Xie) or (Yi-Wei Xu)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Zhou YC, Zhao HJ, Shen LZ. Preoperative serum CEA and CA19-9 in gastric cancer--a single tertiary hospital study of 1,075 cases. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2016; 16:2685-91. [PMID: 25854347 DOI: 10.7314/apjcp.2015.16.7.2685] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
To evaluate the clinical impact of preoperative serum CEA and CA19-9 on resectable gastric cancer (GC), a total of 1,075 consecutive cases with gastric adenocarcinoma were obtained retrospectively from January 2012 and December 2013 in a single tertiary hospital, and the relationships between serum CEA, CA19-9 and clinicopathologic features were investigated. Positive preoperative serum rates of CEA and CA19-9 were 22.4% and 12.3% respectively, levels significantly correlating with each other and depth of invasion, lymph node involvement, pTNM and stage. The CEA level also presented a remarkable association with lymphovascular invasion. Both CEA and CA19-9 positivity significantly and positively correlated with depth of invasion, nodal involvement, pTNM stage, lymphovascular invasion, tumor size and tumor location. Stratified analyses according to gender or tumor location showed preoperative CEA or CA19-9 had different associations with clinicopathologic features in different gender subgroups or location subgroups. Preoperative serum CA19-9 positivity may be more meaningful for tumor size rather than CEA. In conclusion, preoperative serum CEA and CA19-9 correlate with disease progression of GC, and may have applications in aiding more accurate estimation of tumor stage, decision of treatment choice and prognosis evaluation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang-Chun Zhou
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China E-mail :
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
4
|
Han ES, Lee HH, Lee JS, Song KY, Park CH, Jeon HM. At which stage of gastric cancer progression do levels of carcinoembryonic antigen and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 increase? Application in advanced gastric cancer treatment. J Gastric Cancer 2014; 14:123-8. [PMID: 25061540 PMCID: PMC4105377 DOI: 10.5230/jgc.2014.14.2.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Since there are no proven tumor markers that reflect the course of gastric cancer, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) and carbohydrate antigen 19-9 (CA19-9) are commonly used alternatives. However, the degree of progression that corresponds to an increase in these markers, and the values of these markers at different cancer stages, remains unclear. Materials and Methods This study enrolled 1,733 gastric cancer patients who underwent surgery and whose pre-operative CEA and CA19-9 levels were known. Survival curves and mean values of the two markers were compared according to the degree of cancer progression: serosa-unexposed (SU), serosa-exposed (SE), direct invasion (DI), localized seeding (P1), and extensive seeding (P2). Results The 5-year overall survival rates at each stage differed significantly, except between DI and P1 patients (17.1% vs. 10.5%, P=0.344). The mean CEA values in SU, SE, DI, P1, and P2 patients were 5.80, 5.48, 13.36, 8.06, and 22.82, respectively. The CA19-9 values for these patients were 49.40, 38.97, 101.67, 73.77, and 98.57, respectively. The increase in CEA in P2 patients was statistically significant (P=0.002), and the increases in CA19-9 in DI and P2 patients were significant (P=0.025, 0.007, respectively). There was a fair correlation between the two markers in P2 patients (r=0.494, P<0.001). Conclusions CA19-9 can be used to assess DI of gastric cancer into adjacent organs. Both markers are useful for predicting the presence of extensive peritoneal seeding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eui Soo Han
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Han Hong Lee
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Suh Lee
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyo Young Song
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Cho Hyun Park
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hae Myung Jeon
- Division of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhu Z, Chen Z, Chen C, Yang Z, Xuan W, Hou Y, Zuo Y, Ren S. Opposite variation tendencies of serum CA724 levels in patients with colon and rectal carcinoma. Mol Clin Oncol 2013; 2:139-145. [PMID: 24649323 DOI: 10.3892/mco.2013.208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate tumor biomarker carbohydrate antigen 724 (CA724) in the serum of patients with carcinomas of the colon and rectum at various clinical stages. Serum was collected from 51 patients with colon carcinoma (CC) and 49 patients with rectal carcinoma (RC). CA724 levels were then measured in the different groups according to site, TNM classification, gender, age and metastastic status of the patients. The statistical significance of the differences between the groups was calculated by non-parametric statistics (Mann-Whitney and Kruskall-Wallis tests). We observed a close association between the serum CA724 levels and tumor migration in colorectal carcinoma (CRC) and opposite variation tendencies of CA724 in the evolution of CC and RC. In conclusion, we identified a close association between the serum levels of CA724 and tumor migration in CRC. The opposite variation tendencies of CA724 in the different evolution groups of CC and RC may reflect the differences between these two types of cancer. The evaluation of serum CA724 may be of monitoring and and predictive value and may also assist in the development of treatment strategies for CRC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhanmeng Zhu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023
| | - Zhe Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023
| | - Chunlin Chen
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023
| | - Ziyi Yang
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Weibo Xuan
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Yahui Hou
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Yunfei Zuo
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116044, P.R. China
| | - Shuangyi Ren
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Dalian Medical University, Dalian, Liaoning 116023
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Chen XZ, Zhang WK, Yang K, Wang LL, Liu J, Wang L, Hu JK, Zhang B, Chen ZX, Chen JP, Zhou ZG, Mo XM. Correlation between serum CA724 and gastric cancer: multiple analyses based on Chinese population. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 39:9031-9. [PMID: 22752725 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-1774-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 06/09/2012] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Serum tumor biomarker carbohydrate antigen 724 (CA724) is noticeable for gastric cancer. Correlation between CA724 and gastric cancer was investigated based on Chinese population. Chinese Biomedical Database, Chinese Journal Full-text Database and PubMed were searched. Gastric cancer patients were proven by biopsy, and control included health volunteers or benign gastric diseases. Participants received at least one test of CA724, CA125, CA153, CA199, CA242 or CEA. Meta-analysis, summary ROC (SROC) and post hoc analysis were performed by RevMan 5.0 and SPSS 11.5. Totally, 33 eligible studies were analyzed. Meta-analysis showed CA724 had the highest odds ratio 32.86 compared to control, orderly followed by CA242, CA199, CEA, CA125 and CA153. Accumulated accuracy rate of CA724 was 77 %, superior to others. In SROC analysis, specificity of all studies was above 0.70, but sensitivity of few studies was above 0.70; CA724 was selected as the preferable single test, followed by CA242, CA199, CEA, CA125 and CA153. If threshold of both specificity and sensitivity up to 0.70, CA153 was unacceptable; if up to 0.80, only CA724 and CA242 were considerable. In CA724-combined patterns, CA724+CEA+CA199 combination performed best by increasing sensitivity to 0.74 without impairing specificity, while CA724 + CA199 pattern was not a proper combination. CA724 was the most correlative serum tumor biomarker for gastric cancer in Chinese population. Sensitivity of serum CA724 is limited, but CA724+CEA+CA199 combination is considerable to improve sensitivity without impairing specificity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Zu Chen
- Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Guo Xue Xiang, No. 37, Chengdu 610041, Sichuan, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Choe WH, Lee SY, Lee JH, Shim SG, Kim YH, Rhee PL, Rhee JC, Ki CS, Kim JW, Song SY, Kim JJ. High frequency of microsatellite instability in intestinal-type gastric cancer in Korean patients. Korean J Intern Med 2005; 20:116-22. [PMID: 16134765 PMCID: PMC3891379 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2005.20.2.116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although there have been some reports on microsatellite alterations in gastric cancer, findings are inconsistent regarding the associations between histological classification and microsatellite instability (MSI). In the present study, we attempted to determine whether Lauren's histological subtypes are related with MSI status. METHODS Paraffin-embedded tissue samples from 14 diffuse-type and 14 intestinal-type gastric adenocarcinomas were matched up according to patient gender and age. Mononucleotide markers (BAT25 and BAT26) and dinucleotide markers (D2S123, D5S346, and D175S250) were used for MSI analyses. Microsatellite genotypes were categorized in terms of high MSI incidence (MSI-H, >30% positive marker) or low MSI incidence (MSI-L, <30% positive marker). Losses of hMLH1 and hMSH2 protein expression were immunohistochemically studied. RESULTS MSI-H was observed in 11 cases (78%) of the 14 intestinal-type cases as compared to 3 (21%) of the 14 diffuse-type cases (p=0.007). In MSI-H tumors, 10 cases (71%) showed losses of hMLH1 protein expression, while 2 cases (14%) in MSI-L tumors showed losses of hMLH1 protein expression (p=0.006). CONCLUSION MSI-H tumors are more frequently found in intestinal-type gastric cancer, which suggests the possibility that there are different pathogenic pathways in gastric carcinogenesis according to histologic type.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Won Hyuk Choe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun-Young Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jun Haeng Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Goon Shim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Ho Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Poong-Lyul Rhee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong Chul Rhee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang-Seok Ki
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jong-Won Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Yong Song
- Department of Pathology, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae J. Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Debruyne PR, Waldman SA, Schulz S. Pathological staging and therapy of oesophageal and gastric cancer. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2003; 4:1083-96. [PMID: 12831335 DOI: 10.1517/14656566.4.7.1083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Oesophageal and gastric cancers are a significant cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Despite improvements in surgical techniques, radiation and chemotherapy, the prognosis of both cancers remains poor. Immunohistochemical and experimental studies indicate that the concept of micrometastasis is applicable to oesophageal and gastric cancer. New staging approaches, including immunohistochemistry and real-time reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of various markers, have been proposed for a more accurate staging of oesophageal and gastric cancer. Preliminary results suggest that real-time RT-PCR of markers for intestinal differentiation, such as guanylyl cyclase C (GC-C), might be useful for both the detection of premalignant conditions, such as intestinal metaplasia and the detection of micrometastasis from adenocarcinoma of the upper intestinal tract. Standard curative treatment options for oesophageal cancer include surgery or chemoradiotherapy. Chemotherapy is an option for the treatment of advanced and recurrent oesophageal cancer. Standard curative treatment for gastro-oesophageal junction and gastric cancer includes surgery and adjuvant chemoradiotherapy. Chemotherapy is an option for the treatment of advanced and recurrent gastric cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Philip R Debruyne
- Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Medicine, Jefferson Medical College, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
9
|
Varis A, van Rees B, Weterman M, Ristimäki A, Offerhaus J, Knuutila S. DNA copy number changes in young gastric cancer patients with special reference to chromosome 19. Br J Cancer 2003; 88:1914-9. [PMID: 12799636 PMCID: PMC2741104 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Only a few cytogenetic and genetic studies have been performed in gastric cancer patients in young age groups. In the present study we used the comparative genomic hybridisation (CGH) method to characterise frequent DNA copy number changes in 22 gastric cancer patients of 45 years or younger and three gastric cancer cell lines established from patients younger than 45 years. Analysis of DNA copy number changes revealed frequent DNA copy number increases at chromosomes 17q (52%), 19q (68%) and 20q (64%). To confirm the CGH results and to characterise the amplicon region on the most frequently amplified chromosome, chromosome 19, we carried out fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) analysis and Southern blot analysis. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation with the bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone mapped to 19q12 indicated a copy number increase in all eight tumour specimens studied. Southern blot analysis of six tumour specimens and three tumour cell lines, with five probes mapped to the 19q12-13.2 region, suggested cyclin E to be one of the candidate target genes in the 19q region for gastric cancer tumorigenesis. Cyclin E protein overexpression was verified in tumours with amplification on chromosome 19. Further studies are required to investigate the biological and clinical significance of 19q amplicon and cyclin E upregulation in gastric cancer of young patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Varis
- Departments of Pathology and Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute and Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, POB 400 (Haartmaninkatu 3, 4th floor), FIN-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - B van Rees
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - M Weterman
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Ristimäki
- Departments of Pathology and Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute and Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, POB 400 (Haartmaninkatu 3, 4th floor), FIN-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
| | - J Offerhaus
- Department of Pathology, Academic Medical Center, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Knuutila
- Departments of Pathology and Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute and Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, POB 400 (Haartmaninkatu 3, 4th floor), FIN-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland
- Departments of Pathology and Medical Genetics, Haartman Institute and Helsinki University Central Hospital, University of Helsinki, POB 400 (Haartmaninkatu 3, 4th floor), FIN-00029 HUS, Helsinki, Finland. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Abstract
Esophageal cancer is undergoing a major shift in its epidemiology. Its incidence is dramatically growing and it more commonly affects younger and healthier patients. Based on the published data, there is no strong evidence to recommend routine preoperative chemotherapy for the treatment of surgically resectable esophageal carcinoma. It might be that a large-scale randomized study-which will be published in the near future-will shed some different light on this subject. The role of preoperative CRT remains undetermined. To settle this issue, larger, clinical, controlled trials are needed. Improvement in the preoperative regimen and use of new drugs should be evaluated. Concomitant CRT should be considered for potential benefit in survival and local control in patients who have localized disease and are candidates for radical non-surgical treatment. Patients with pCR following neoadjuvant therapy have a consistent, substantial survival benefit. Biologic markers can be used to predict response to therapy and might allow designation of treatment based on the individual tumor. Pretreatment staging is necessary for standardization of patients undergoing treatment protocols and for outcome evaluation. Pretreatment staging will be even more important in the future for adjusting treatment to individual patient. Video-assisted thoracoscopy and laparoscopy have been found to be the most accurate lymph node staging techniques.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yael Refaely
- Division of Thoracic Surgery, University of Maryland Medical System, 22 South Greene Street, Room N4E35, Baltimore, MD 21202, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|