A Comparative Study of the Effect of Acetylation on Starches ofPhaseolus vulgaris Biotypes

Physicochemical properties of heterogeneously acetylated glucomannan of A. oncophyllus and its performance for iron encapsulation

Abstract Well-known as a food additive, glucomannan has excellent biocompatibility and biodegradability properties. However, glucomannan is easily gelled, which limited its use in high concentration. To reduce the gel formation ability of glucomannan, acetylation was conducted. This work aims to study the effect of acetylation on physicochemical properties of glucomannan. Acetylation was performed in heterogeneous system which glucomannan was immersed in ethanol (96%) with various concentrations of glucomannan (5-25%) and acetic acid (5-99%). This modified glucomannan was subsequently used as an encapsulation matrix for producing iron beads. The results showed that higher concentration of acetic acid in acetylation impacted on higher solubility and viscosity of glucomannan. The transmittance intensity of Infrared (IR) spectra and morphology of glucomannan were changed due to the acetylation and encapsulation process. The highest viscosity of the matrix (484.33 cP) led to the highest Encapsulation Yield (EY) (53.3%). Gompertz’s model fitted to describe the release profile of iron in all samples (R2>0.92) that showed the burst phenomena in the initial release. This work found that acetylated glucomannan had higher solubility and has a potency to protect the iron taste during oral consumption as it releases slower in neutral pH solution.

Kithul palm (Caryota urens) as a new source of starch: Effect of single, dual chemical modifications and annealing on the physicochemical properties and in vitro digestibility

The objective of this study was to determine the effect of physical and chemical modifications on the physicochemical and in vitro digestibility of kithul starch. Starch isolated from kithul flour (Caryota urens) was subjected to physical and chemical modifications. The starch modification was verified by the presence of functional groups using Fourier transform Infrared spectral analysis (FT-IR). X-ray Diffraction (XRD) pattern revealed that the kithul starch is A- type and the modifications did not change the crystalline pattern. However, the relative crystallinity showed significant changes. Chemical modifications increased the swelling and solubility. Pasting and thermal parameters of all modified starches showed significant changes as compared to native starch (NS). Acetylated oxidised starch (AOS) showed highest paste viscosities. Higher enthalpy of gelatinization (∆H_gel) and paste viscosity attributed to perfection and ordering of amorphous regions in annealed starch (ANS). All modifications significantly increased the resistant starch (RS) content than native starch (NS), which indicates its lower digestibility. The current study showed the single, dual chemical modifications and annealing, effectively modified the physicochemical and in vitro digestibility of kithul starch.

Nutritional and health perspectives of beans (Phaseolus vulgaris L.): an overview

Beans, the variants of Phaseolus vulagris, are nutritionally and economically important food crop in each part of the world. Besides providing nutrients such as multifaceted carbohydrates, elevated proteins, dietary fiber, minerals, and vitamins, these also contain rich variety of polyphenolic compounds with prospective health benefits. This review mainly focuses the important nutritional aspects of beans as well as their contribution in decreasing the risks of chronically degenerative diseases.

Resistant starch content of conventionally boiled and pressure-cooked cereals, legumes and tubers

Resistant starch (RS) content was determined in the conventionally boiled (H1) and pressure-cooked (H2) cereals, legumes and tubers using enzymatic method. Both H1 and H2 legumes contained higher amount of RS as compared to cereals and tubers. H1 and H2 lentils showed highest RS content of 5.0 and 4.9% (dwb), respectively. Higher RS content in legumes can be attributed to the presence of intact tissue/cell structures enclosing starch granules and high level of amylose (26-33%) and high content of viscous soluble dietary fiber components. The decrease in RS content of H2 foods in comparison to H1 counterparts (maximum decrease of 15% in pea) might have occurred due to changes in cell wall integrity of H2 foods and this could result in increased accessibility of starch to amylolytic enzymes.