1
|
Ouyang J, Wang C, Huang Q, Guan Y, Zhu Z, He Y, Jiang G, Xiong Y, Li X. Correlation between in vitro starch digestibility and starch structure/physicochemical properties in rice. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 263:130316. [PMID: 38382778 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.130316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/23/2024]
Abstract
Natural resistant starch (RS) in rice provides human health benefits, and its concentration in rice is influenced by the structure and physicochemical properties of starch. The native starch structures and physicochemical properties of three rice varieties, QR, BR58, and BR50, and their relationships to in vitro digestibility were studied. The starch granules in all three varieties were irregular or polyhedral in shape. There were a few oval granules and a few pinhole structures in QR, no oval granules but a higher number of pinholes in BR58, and no oval granules and pinholes in BR50. QR is a low-amylose (13.8 %), low-RS (0.2 %) variety. BR58 is a low-amylose (15.3 %), high-RS (6.5 %) variety. BR50 is a high-amylose (26.7 %), high-RS (8.3 %) variety. All three starches exhibited typical A-type diffraction patterns. Starch molecular weight, chain length distribution, starch branching degree, pasting capabilities, and thermal properties differed considerably between the rice starches. The RS contents of the rice starch varieties were positively correlated with AAC, Mw/Mn, Mz/Mn, peak 3, B, PTime, and Tp and negatively correlated with Mn, peak 2, DB, PV, and BD, according to Pearson's correlation analysis. These findings may be helpful for the breeding and development of high-RS rice varieties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ouyang
- Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China; Chongqing Zhongyi Seed Industry Co., Ltd, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice Breeding, Chongqing 400060, China
| | - Chutao Wang
- Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China; Chongqing Zhongyi Seed Industry Co., Ltd, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice Breeding, Chongqing 400060, China
| | - Qianlong Huang
- Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China; Chongqing Zhongyi Seed Industry Co., Ltd, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice Breeding, Chongqing 400060, China
| | - Yusheng Guan
- Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China; Chongqing Zhongyi Seed Industry Co., Ltd, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice Breeding, Chongqing 400060, China
| | - Zichao Zhu
- Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China; Chongqing Zhongyi Seed Industry Co., Ltd, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice Breeding, Chongqing 400060, China
| | - Yongxin He
- Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China; Chongqing Zhongyi Seed Industry Co., Ltd, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice Breeding, Chongqing 400060, China
| | - Gang Jiang
- Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China; Chongqing Zhongyi Seed Industry Co., Ltd, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice Breeding, Chongqing 400060, China
| | - Ying Xiong
- Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China; Chongqing Zhongyi Seed Industry Co., Ltd, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice Breeding, Chongqing 400060, China
| | - Xianyong Li
- Chongqing Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chongqing 401329, China; Chongqing Zhongyi Seed Industry Co., Ltd, Chongqing 400060, China; Chongqing Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice Breeding, Chongqing 400060, China.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Zhou Y, Cheng Z, Jiang S, Cen J, Wu D, Shu X. High temperature boosts resistant starch content by altering starch structure and lipid content in rice ssIIIa mutants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1059749. [PMID: 36466223 PMCID: PMC9715984 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1059749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
High temperature (HT) during grain filling had adverse influences on starch synthesis. In this study, the influences of HT on resistant starch (RS) formation in rice were investigated. Most genes in ssIIIa mutants especially in RS4 were upregulated under Normal Temperature (NT) while downregulated under HT when compared with those of wild parent R7954. ssIIIa mutants had higher RS content, more lipid accumulation, higher proportion of short chains of DP 9-15, and less long chains of DP ≥37. ssIIIa mutation exacerbated the influences of HT on starch metabolite and caused larger declines in the expression of BEI, BEIIa, BEIIb, and SSIVb when exposed to HT. HT reduced the contents of total starch and apparent amylose significantly in wild type but not in mutants. Meanwhile, lipids were enriched in all varieties, but the amounts of starch-lipid complexes and the RS content were only heightened in mutants under HT. HT led to greatest declines in the amount of DP 9-15 and increases in the proportion of fb3 (DP ≥37); the declines and increases were all larger in mutants, which resulted in varied starch crystallinity. The increased long-chain amylopectin and lipids may be the major contributor for the elevated RS content in mutants under HT through forming more starch-lipid complexes (RSV).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Key Lab of the Ministry of Agriculture for Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhenfeng Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Key Lab of the Ministry of Agriculture for Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Sanya, China
| | - Shuo Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Key Lab of the Ministry of Agriculture for Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jinxi Cen
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Key Lab of the Ministry of Agriculture for Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Sanya, China
| | - Dianxing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Key Lab of the Ministry of Agriculture for Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Sanya, China
| | - Xiaoli Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Key Lab of the Ministry of Agriculture for Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Hainan Institute, Zhejiang University, Yazhou Bay Science and Technology City, Sanya, China
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Shen L, Li J, Li Y. Resistant starch formation in rice: Genetic regulation and beyond. PLANT COMMUNICATIONS 2022; 3:100329. [PMID: 35576157 PMCID: PMC9251435 DOI: 10.1016/j.xplc.2022.100329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 05/07/2023]
Abstract
Resistant starch (RS), a healthy dietary fiber, is a particular type of starch that has attracted much research attention in recent years. RS has important roles in reducing glycemic index, postprandial blood glucose levels, and serum cholesterol levels, thereby improving and preventing many diseases, such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease. The formation of RS is influenced by intrinsic properties of starch (e.g., starch granule structure, starch crystal structure, and amylose-to-amylopectin ratio) and non-starch components (e.g., proteins, lipids, and sugars), as well as storage and processing conditions. Recent studies have revealed that several starch-synthesis-related genes (SSRGs) are crucial for the formation of RS during seed development. Several transcription factors and mRNA splicing factors have been shown to affect the expression or splicing of SSRGs that regulate RS content, suggesting their potential roles in RS formation. This review focuses mainly on recent research progress on the genetic regulation of RS content and discusses the emerging genetic and molecular mechanisms of RS formation in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lisha Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jiayang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100039, China.
| | - Yunhai Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Cell and Chromosome Engineering, CAS Centre for Excellence in Molecular Plant Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; The Innovative Academy of Seed Design, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China; College of Advanced Agricultural Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100039, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kumar A, Dash GK, Barik M, Panda PA, Lal MK, Baig MJ, Swain P. Effect of Drought stress on Resistant starch content and Glycemic index of rice (
Oryza sativa
L.). STARCH-STARKE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201900229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Awadhesh Kumar
- Crop Physiology and Biochemistry Division ICAR‐National Rice Research Institute Cuttack Odisha India 753006
| | - Goutam Kumar Dash
- Crop Physiology and Biochemistry Division ICAR‐National Rice Research Institute Cuttack Odisha India 753006
| | - Madhusmita Barik
- Crop Physiology and Biochemistry Division ICAR‐National Rice Research Institute Cuttack Odisha India 753006
| | - Puja Archana Panda
- Crop Physiology and Biochemistry Division ICAR‐National Rice Research Institute Cuttack Odisha India 753006
| | - Milan Kumar Lal
- Division of Crop Physiology, Biochemistry & Post‐harvest Technology ICAR‐Central Potato Research Institute Shimla HP India 171001
| | - Mirza Jaynul Baig
- Crop Physiology and Biochemistry Division ICAR‐National Rice Research Institute Cuttack Odisha India 753006
| | - Padmini Swain
- Crop Physiology and Biochemistry Division ICAR‐National Rice Research Institute Cuttack Odisha India 753006
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Petrova P, Petrov K. Lactic Acid Fermentation of Cereals and Pseudocereals: Ancient Nutritional Biotechnologies with Modern Applications. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1118. [PMID: 32316499 PMCID: PMC7230154 DOI: 10.3390/nu12041118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 04/09/2020] [Accepted: 04/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Grains are a substantial source of macronutrients and energy for humans. Lactic acid (LA) fermentation is the oldest and most popular way to improve the functionality, nutritional value, taste, appearance and safety of cereal foods and reduce the energy required for cooking. This literature review discusses lactic acid fermentation of the most commonly used cereals and pseudocereals by examination of the microbiological and biochemical fundamentals of the process. The study provides a critical overview of the indispensable participation of lactic acid bacteria (LAB) in the production of many traditional, ethnic, ancient and modern fermented cereals and beverages, as the analysed literature covers 40 years. The results reveal that the functional aspects of LAB fermented foods are due to significant molecular changes in macronutrients during LA fermentation. Through the action of a vast microbial enzymatic pool, LAB form a broad spectrum of volatile compounds, bioactive peptides and oligosaccharides with prebiotic potential. Modern applications of this ancient bioprocess include the industrial production of probiotic sourdough, fortified pasta, cereal beverages and "boutique" pseudocereal bread. These goods are very promising in broadening the daily menu of consumers with special nutritional needs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Penka Petrova
- Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev, Str. Bl. 26, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Kaloyan Petrov
- Institute of Chemical Engineering, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, Acad. G. Bonchev, Str. Bl. 103, 1113 Sofia, Bulgaria
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Kumar A, Panda PA, Lal MK, Ngangkham U, Sahu C, Soren KR, Subudhi HN, Samantaray S, Sharma S. Addition of Pulses, Cooking Oils, and Vegetables Enhances Resistant Starch and Lowers the Glycemic Index of Rice (
Oryza sativa
L.). STARCH-STARKE 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201900081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Awadhesh Kumar
- Division of Crop Physiology and Biochemistry ICAR‐National Rice Research Institute Cuttack Odisha 753006 India
| | - Puja Archana Panda
- Division of Crop Physiology and Biochemistry ICAR‐National Rice Research Institute Cuttack Odisha 753006 India
| | - Milan Kumar Lal
- ICAR‐Central Potato Research Institute Shimla Himachal Pradesh India
| | | | - Chandrasekhar Sahu
- Division of Crop Physiology and Biochemistry ICAR‐National Rice Research Institute Cuttack Odisha 753006 India
| | - Khela Ram Soren
- ICAR‐Indian Institute of Pulses Research Kanpur Uttar Pradesh India
| | - Hata Nath Subudhi
- Division of Crop Physiology and Biochemistry ICAR‐National Rice Research Institute Cuttack Odisha 753006 India
| | - Sanghamitra Samantaray
- Division of Crop Physiology and Biochemistry ICAR‐National Rice Research Institute Cuttack Odisha 753006 India
| | - Srigopal Sharma
- Govind Ballabh Pant University of Agriculture and Technology Pantnagar Uttarakhand India
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Kumar A, Sahoo U, Baisakha B, Okpani OA, Ngangkham U, Parameswaran C, Basak N, Kumar G, Sharma S. Resistant starch could be decisive in determining the glycemic index of rice cultivars. J Cereal Sci 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2017.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
8
|
Chen MH, Bergman CJ, McClung AM, Everette JD, Tabien RE. Resistant starch: Variation among high amylose rice varieties and its relationship with apparent amylose content, pasting properties and cooking methods. Food Chem 2017; 234:180-189. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2017.04.170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
|
9
|
Sun Y, Jiao G, Liu Z, Zhang X, Li J, Guo X, Du W, Du J, Francis F, Zhao Y, Xia L. Generation of High-Amylose Rice through CRISPR/Cas9-Mediated Targeted Mutagenesis of Starch Branching Enzymes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2017; 8:298. [PMID: 28326091 PMCID: PMC5339335 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2017.00298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 198] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Accepted: 02/20/2017] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Cereals high in amylose content (AC) and resistant starch (RS) offer potential health benefits. Previous studies using chemical mutagenesis or RNA interference have demonstrated that starch branching enzyme (SBE) plays a major role in determining the fine structure and physical properties of starch. However, it remains a challenge to control starch branching in commercial lines. Here, we use CRISPR/Cas9 technology to generate targeted mutagenesis in SBEI and SBEIIb in rice. The frequencies of obtained homozygous or bi-allelic mutant lines with indels in SBEI and SBEIIb in T0 generation were from 26.7 to 40%. Mutations in the homozygous T0 lines stably transmitted to the T1 generation and those in the bi-allelic lines segregated in a Mendelian fashion. Transgene-free plants carrying only the frame-shifted mutagenesis were recovered in T1 generation following segregation. Whereas no obvious differences were observed between the sbeI mutants and wild type, sbeII mutants showed higher proportion of long chains presented in debranched amylopectin, significantly increased AC and RS content to as higher as 25.0 and 9.8%, respectively, and thus altered fine structure and nutritional properties of starch. Taken together, our results demonstrated for the first time the feasibility to create high-amylose rice through CRISPR/Cas9-mediated editing of SBEIIb.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yongwei Sun
- Institute of Crop Sciences (ICS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)Beijing, China
| | - Guiai Jiao
- China National Rice Research InstituteHangzhou, China
| | - Zupei Liu
- Institute of Crop Sciences (ICS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)Beijing, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Crop Sciences (ICS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)Beijing, China
| | - Jingying Li
- Institute of Crop Sciences (ICS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)Beijing, China
| | - Xiuping Guo
- Institute of Crop Sciences (ICS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)Beijing, China
| | - Wenming Du
- Institute of Crop Sciences (ICS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)Beijing, China
| | - Jinlu Du
- Institute of Crop Sciences (ICS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)Beijing, China
| | - Frédéric Francis
- Functional and Evolutionary Entomology, Gembloux Agro-bio Tech, University of LiegeGembloux, Belgium
| | - Yunde Zhao
- Section of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of California, San Diego, La JollaCA, USA
| | - Lanqin Xia
- Institute of Crop Sciences (ICS), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences (CAAS)Beijing, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Butardo VM, Sreenivasulu N. Tailoring Grain Storage Reserves for a Healthier Rice Diet and its Comparative Status with Other Cereals. INTERNATIONAL REVIEW OF CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2016; 323:31-70. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.ircmb.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
|
11
|
Sun J, Wu D, Xu J, Rasmussen SK, Shu X. Characterisation of starch during germination and seedling development of a rice mutant with a high content of resistant starch. J Cereal Sci 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2015.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
|
12
|
Bornhorst GM, Chang LQ, Rutherfurd SM, Moughan PJ, Singh RP. Gastric emptying rate and chyme characteristics for cooked brown and white rice meals in vivo. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2013; 93:2900-2908. [PMID: 23553053 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.6160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2012] [Revised: 02/28/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rice structure is important to rice grain and starch breakdown during digestion. The objective of this study was to determine the gastric emptying and rice composition during gastric digestion of cooked brown and white medium-grain (Calrose variety) rice using the growing pig as a model for the adult human. RESULTS Brown and white rice did not show significantly different gastric emptying rates of dry matter or starch, but brown rice had slower protein emptying (P < 0.05). Moisture content was greater and pH was lower in the distal stomach compared to the proximal stomach (P < 0.0001), and varied with time (P < 0.0001). The mechanism of physical breakdown for brown and white rice varied. Brown rice exhibited an accumulation of bran layer fragments in the distal stomach, quantified by lower starch and higher protein content. CONCLUSION The quantity of gastric secretions observed after a brown or white rice meal may be related to the meal buffering capacity, and are accumulated in the distal stomach. The delayed rate of protein emptying in brown rice compared to white rice was most likely due to the accumulation of bran layers in the stomach.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Gail M Bornhorst
- Department of Biological and Agricultural Engineering, University of California Davis, Davis, CA 95616-5294, USA
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Marze S. Bioaccessibility of Nutrients and Micronutrients from Dispersed Food Systems: Impact of the Multiscale Bulk and Interfacial Structures. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2013; 53:76-108. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2010.525331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
|
14
|
Koziol AG, Marquez BK, Huebsch MP, Smith JC, Altosaar I. Commercially Produced Rice and Maize Starches Contain Nonhost Proteins, as Shown by Mass Spectrometry. Cereal Chem 2012. [DOI: 10.1094/cchem-04-12-0043-n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Adam G. Koziol
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1H 8M5
| | - Benazir K. Marquez
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1H 8M5
| | - Matthew P. Huebsch
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1S 5B6
| | - Jeffrey C. Smith
- Department of Chemistry, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1S 5B6
| | - Illimar Altosaar
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, K1H 8M5
- Corresponding author. Phone: (613) 562-5800, ext. 6374. Fax: (613) 562-5452. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Shu X, Xu J, Wang Y, Rasmussen SK, Wu D. Effects of gamma irradiation on starch digestibility of rice with different resistant starch content. Int J Food Sci Technol 2012. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2012.03154.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology; IAEA Collaborating Center; Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou; 310029; China
| | - Jianwei Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology; IAEA Collaborating Center; Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou; 310029; China
| | - Ying Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology; IAEA Collaborating Center; Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou; 310029; China
| | - Søren K. Rasmussen
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences; Faculty of Science; University of Copenhagen; Thorvaldsensvej 40; 1871; Frederiksberg c; Denmark
| | - Dianxing Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology; IAEA Collaborating Center; Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences; Zhejiang University; Hangzhou; 310029; China
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Satmalee P, Matsuki J. Effect of debranching and heat-moisture treatment on the properties of Thai rice flours. Int J Food Sci Technol 2011. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2621.2011.02793.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
|
17
|
Butardo VM, Fitzgerald MA, Bird AR, Gidley MJ, Flanagan BM, Larroque O, Resurreccion AP, Laidlaw HKC, Jobling SA, Morell MK, Rahman S. Impact of down-regulation of starch branching enzyme IIb in rice by artificial microRNA- and hairpin RNA-mediated RNA silencing. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2011; 62:4927-41. [PMID: 21791436 PMCID: PMC3193005 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/err188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2011] [Revised: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/13/2011] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
The inactivation of starch branching IIb (SBEIIb) in rice is traditionally associated with elevated apparent amylose content, increased peak gelatinization temperature, and a decreased proportion of short amylopectin branches. To elucidate further the structural and functional role of this enzyme, the phenotypic effects of down-regulating SBEIIb expression in rice endosperm were characterized by artificial microRNA (amiRNA) and hairpin RNA (hp-RNA) gene silencing. The results showed that RNA silencing of SBEIIb expression in rice grains did not affect the expression of other major isoforms of starch branching enzymes or starch synthases. Structural analyses of debranched starch showed that the doubling of apparent amylose content was not due to an increase in the relative proportion of amylose chains but instead was due to significantly elevated levels of long amylopectin and intermediate chains. Rices altered by the amiRNA technique produced a more extreme starch phenotype than those modified using the hp-RNA technique, with a greater increase in the proportion of long amylopectin and intermediate chains. The more pronounced starch structural modifications produced in the amiRNA lines led to more severe alterations in starch granule morphology and crystallinity as well as digestibility of freshly cooked grains. The potential role of attenuating SBEIIb expression in generating starch with elevated levels of resistant starch and lower glycaemic index is discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vito M. Butardo
- CSIRO Food Futures Flagship, GPO Box 93, North Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia
- CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, ACT 2601, Australia
- Grain Quality and Nutrition Centre, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Melissa A. Fitzgerald
- Grain Quality and Nutrition Centre, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - Anthony R. Bird
- CSIRO Food Futures Flagship, GPO Box 93, North Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia
- CSIRO Food and Nutritional Sciences, PO Box 10041, Adelaide SA 5000, Australia
| | - Michael J. Gidley
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Bernadine M. Flanagan
- Centre for Nutrition and Food Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
| | - Oscar Larroque
- CSIRO Food Futures Flagship, GPO Box 93, North Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia
- CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Adoracion P. Resurreccion
- Grain Quality and Nutrition Centre, International Rice Research Institute, Los Baños, Laguna 4031, Philippines
| | - Hunter K. C. Laidlaw
- CSIRO Food Futures Flagship, GPO Box 93, North Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia
- CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Stephen A. Jobling
- CSIRO Food Futures Flagship, GPO Box 93, North Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia
- CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Matthew K. Morell
- CSIRO Food Futures Flagship, GPO Box 93, North Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia
- CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, ACT 2601, Australia
| | - Sadequr Rahman
- CSIRO Food Futures Flagship, GPO Box 93, North Ryde, NSW 1670, Australia
- CSIRO Plant Industry, GPO Box 1600, ACT 2601, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Shi MM, Gao QY. Physicochemical properties, structure and in vitro digestion of resistant starch from waxy rice starch. Carbohydr Polym 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2011.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
19
|
Song JY, Park JH, Shin M. The effects of annealing and acid hydrolysis on resistant starch level and the properties of cross-linked RS4 rice starch. STARCH-STARKE 2010. [DOI: 10.1002/star.201000097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
|
20
|
Patindol JA, Guraya HS, Champagne ET, McClung AM. Nutritionally important starch fractions of rice cultivars grown in southern United States. J Food Sci 2010; 75:H137-44. [PMID: 20629878 DOI: 10.1111/j.1750-3841.2010.01627.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Dietary starches can be classified into 3 major fractions according to in vitro digestibility as rapidly digestible (RDS), slowly digestible (SDS), and resistant starch (RS). Literature indicates that SDS and/or RS have significant implications on human health, particularly glucose metabolism, diabetes management, colon cancer prevention, mental performance, and satiety. In this study, the nutritionally important starch fractions (RDS, SDS, and RS) in cooked rice were assayed in vitro, making use of 16 cultivars grown in 5 southern U.S. rice growing locations (Arkansas, Louisiana, Mississippi, Missouri, and Texas). RDS, SDS, and RS were 52.4% to 69.4%, 10.3% to 26.6%, and 1.2% to 9.0%, respectively, of cooked rice dry weight. Cultivar, location, and cultivar-by-location interaction contributed to the variations in RDS, SDS, and RS contents. Means pooled across locations indicated that SDS was higher for the Louisiana samples than those from Texas, whereas RS was higher for the Texas samples than those from Arkansas, Louisiana, and Mississippi. Some cultivars were identified to possess high levels of RS (for example, Bowman and Rondo) or SDS (for example, Dixiebelle and Tesanai-2) and were also stable across growing locations. Apparent amylose content correlated positively with RS (n = 80, r = 0.54, P <or= 0.001), negatively with RDS (n = 80, r =-0.29, P <or= 0.05), and insignificantly with SDS (n = 80, r = 0.21, P > 0.05). RS and SDS were not collinear (n = 80, r =or-0.18, P > 0.05); it does not follow that a cultivar high in RS will also be high in SDS, and vice versa. The observed differences in RDS, SDS, and RS among the samples are indicative of wide genetic diversity in rice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James A Patindol
- USDA-ARS Southern Regional Research Center, P.O. Box 19687, New Orleans, LA 70179, USA.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Shu X, Jia L, Ye H, Li C, Wu D. Slow digestion properties of rice different in resistant starch. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2009; 57:7552-9. [PMID: 20349922 DOI: 10.1021/jf900988h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The hydrolysis of starch is a key factor for controlling the glycemic index (GI). Slow digestion properties of starch lead to slower glucose release and lower glycemic response. Food with high resistant starch (RS) possesses great value for controlling the GI. To elucidate the factors that play a role in slow digestibility, seven rice mutants different in RS contents were selected for comparative studies. The degree of hydrolysis showed highly significant correlation with RS, apparent amylose content (AAC), lipid content (LC), and other starch physiochemical properties in all these materials with different RS contents. The rate of in vitro digestible starch correlated positively with RS, whereas digestibility was affected mostly by lipid content for those mutants with similar RS. Starch-lipid complexes and short chains with degrees of polymerization (DP) of 8-12 strongly influenced starch digestion. The integrity of aggregated starch and the number of round starch granules might influence the digestibility of starch directly.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoli Shu
- State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology and Key Laboratory of Chinese Ministry of Agriculture for Nuclear-Agricultural Sciences, IAEA Collaborating Center, Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, People's Republic of China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Rahman S, Bird A, Regina A, Li Z, Philippe Ral J, McMaugh S, Topping D, Morell M. Resistant starch in cereals: Exploiting genetic engineering and genetic variation. J Cereal Sci 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcs.2007.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
|
23
|
Shu X, Jia L, Gao J, Song Y, Zhao H, Nakamura Y, Wu D. The Influences of Chain Length of Amylopectin on Resistant Starch in Rice (Oryza sativa L.). STARCH-STARKE 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/star.200700640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
|