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Coe S, Spiro A. Cooking at home to retain nutritional quality and minimise nutrient losses: A focus on vegetables, potatoes and pulses. NUTR BULL 2022; 47:538-562. [PMID: 36299246 DOI: 10.1111/nbu.12584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Cooking at home has experienced a decline in many countries since the mid-20th century. As rates of obesity have increased, there has been an emphasis on more frequent home cooking, including its incorporation into several food-based dietary guidelines around the world as a strategy to improve dietary quality. With the recent trend towards the adoption of diets richer in plant-based foods, many consumers cooking at home may now be cooking plant foods such as vegetables, potatoes and pulses more often. It is, therefore, timely to explore the impact that different home cooking methods have on the range of nutrients (e.g. vitamin C and folate) and bioactive phytochemicals (e.g. carotenoids and polyphenols) that such plant foods provide, and this paper will explore this and whether advice can be tailored to minimise such losses. The impact of cooking on nutritional quality can be both desirable and/or undesirable and can vary according to the cooking method and the nutrient or phytochemical of interest. Cooking methods that expose plant foods to high temperatures and/or water for long periods of time (e.g. boiling) may be the most detrimental to nutrient content, whereas other cooking methods such as steaming or microwaving may help to retain nutrients, particularly those that are water-soluble. Dishes that use cooking liquids may retain nutrients that would have been lost through leaching. It may be helpful to provide the public with more information about better methods to prepare and cook plant foods to minimise any nutrient losses. However, for some nutrients/phytochemicals the insufficient and inconsistent research findings make clear messages around the optimal cooking method difficult, and factors such as bioaccessibility rather than just quantity may also be important to consider.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Coe
- British Nutrition Foundation, London, UK
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Li H, Liu B, Bess K, Wang Z, Liang M, Zhang Y, Wu Q, Yang L. Impact of Low-Temperature Storage on the Microstructure, Digestibility, and Absorption Capacity of Cooked Rice. Foods 2022; 11:foods11111642. [PMID: 35681392 PMCID: PMC9180724 DOI: 10.3390/foods11111642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the effects of low-temperature storage on the microstructural, absorptive, and digestive properties of cooked rice. Cooked rice was refrigerated and stored at 4 °C for 0.5, 1, 3, 5, and 7 days, as well as frozen and preserved at −20, −40, and −80 °C for 0.5, 1, 3, 5, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days. The results indicated that the stored rice samples generally exhibited a higher absorption capacity for oil, cholesterol, and glucose than the freshly cooked rice. In addition, after storage, the digestibility of the cooked rice declined, namely, the rapidly digestible starch (RDS) content and estimated glycemic index (eGI) decreased, whereas the slowly digestible starch (SDS) and resistant starch (RS) content increased. Moreover, the increment of the storage temperatures or the extension of storage periods led to a lower amylolysis efficiency. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis indicated that storage temperature and duration could effectively modify the micromorphology of the stored rice samples and their digestion. Moreover, microstructural differences after storage and during simulated intestinal digestion could be correlated to the variations in the absorption capacity and digestibility. The findings from this study will be useful in providing alternative storage procedures to prepare rice products with improved nutritional qualities and functional properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Li
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (Q.W.)
| | - Bingxiao Liu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (B.L.); (Z.W.); (M.L.)
| | - Kezia Bess
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Natural Sciences, University of Guyana, Turkeyen 999073, Guyana;
| | - Zhengxuan Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (B.L.); (Z.W.); (M.L.)
| | - Mingcai Liang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (B.L.); (Z.W.); (M.L.)
| | - Yan Zhang
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (Q.W.)
| | - Qiong Wu
- School of Life Science and Biotechnology, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (H.L.); (Y.Z.); (Q.W.)
| | - Lin Yang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China; (B.L.); (Z.W.); (M.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Xiong W, Devkota L, Zhang B, Muir J, Dhital S. Intact cells: “Nutritional capsules” in plant foods. Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2022; 21:1198-1217. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2021] [Revised: 11/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Weiyan Xiong
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Monash University Clayton Campus, VIC 3800 Australia
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety South China University of Technology Guangzhou Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Lavaraj Devkota
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Monash University Clayton Campus, VIC 3800 Australia
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering, Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety South China University of Technology Guangzhou Guangdong P. R. China
| | - Jane Muir
- Department of Gastroenterology Central Clinical School, Monash University Melbourne Victoria Australia
| | - Sushil Dhital
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering Monash University Clayton Campus, VIC 3800 Australia
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Sikorska-Zimny K, Beneduce L. The glucosinolates and their bioactive derivatives in Brassica: a review on classification, biosynthesis and content in plant tissues, fate during and after processing, effect on the human organism and interaction with the gut microbiota. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2020; 61:2544-2571. [PMID: 32584172 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2020.1780193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
The present study is a systematic review of the scientific literature reporting content, composition and biosynthesis of glucosinolates (GLS), and their derivative compounds in Brassica family. An amended classification of brassica species, varieties and their GLS content, organized for the different plant organs and in uniformed concentration measure unit, is here reported for the first time in a harmonized and comparative manner. In the last years, the studies carried out on the effect of processing on vegetables and the potential benefits for human health has increased rapidly and consistently the knowledge on the topic. Therefore, there was the need for an updated revision of the scientific literature of pre- and post-harvest modifications of GLS content, along with the role of gut microbiota in influencing their bioavailability once they are ingested. After analyzing and standardizing over 100 articles and the related data, the highest GLS content in Brassica, was declared in B. nigra (L.) W. D. J. Koch (201.95 ± 53.36 µmol g-1), followed by B. oleracea Alboglabra group (180.9 ± 70.3 µmol g-1). The authors also conclude that food processing can influence significantly the final content of GLS, considering the most popular methods: boiling, blanching, steaming, the latter can be considered as the most favorable to preserve highest level of GLS and their deriviatives. Therefore, a mild-processing strategic approach for GLS or their derivatives in food is recommended, in order to minimize the loss of actual bioactive impact. Finally, the human gut microbiota is influenced by Brassica-rich diet and can contribute in certain conditions to the increasing of GLS bioavailability but further studies are needed to assess the actual role of microbiomes in the bioavailability of healthy glucosinolate derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kalina Sikorska-Zimny
- Fruit and Vegetables Storage and Processing Department, Storage and Postharvest Physiology of Fruit and Vegetables Laboratory, Research Institute of Horticulture, Skierniewice, Poland.,Stefan Batory State University, Skierniewice, Poland
| | - Luciano Beneduce
- Department of the Sciences of Agriculture, Food and Environment (SAFE), University of Foggia, Foggia, Italy
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Zhang Z, Tian J, Fang H, Zhang H, Kong X, Wu D, Zheng J, Liu D, Ye X, Chen S. Physicochemical and Digestion Properties of Potato Starch Were Modified by Complexing with Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25051123. [PMID: 32138212 PMCID: PMC7179102 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25051123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Revised: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 02/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Dietary intake of potato starch could induce a dramatic increase in blood glucose and is positively associated with chronic metabolic diseases (type II diabetes, cardiovascular disease, etc.). Grape seed proanthocyanidins (GSP) are known to decrease starch digestion by inhibiting digestive enzymes or changing the physicochemical properties of starch. In the present study, GSP were complexed with potato starch to prepare polyphenol-starch complexes. The physiochemical properties and digestibility of complexes were investigated by in vitro digestion model, X-ray diffraction, differential scanning calorimetry, rapid visco analyzer, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy as well as texture profile analysis. Results indicated that the peak viscosity, breakdown, trough, and setback of the complexes disappeared, replaced by a special continuous increase in paste viscosity. The complexes showed a lower final viscosity and higher thermal stability with the increasing binding amount of GSP. GSP decreased the hardness of the complexes' gel significantly. FT-IR indicated that GSP might interact with potato starch through noncovalent forces. Additionally, the complexes also showed a higher content of slowly digestible starch and resistant starch than that of the native starch. Thus, we inferred that the addition of GSP could modify the digestibility of potato starch and be an optional way to modify the starch with lower digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zirui Zhang
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China; (Z.Z.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (D.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Jinhu Tian
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China; (Z.Z.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (D.L.); (X.Y.)
- Correspondence: (J.T.); (S.C.); Tel.: +86-571-8898-2155 (J.T.); +86-571-8898-2151 (S.C.)
| | - Haitian Fang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory for Food Microbial-Applications Technology and Safety Control, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China; (H.F.); (H.Z.)
| | - Huiling Zhang
- Ningxia Key Laboratory for Food Microbial-Applications Technology and Safety Control, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, Ningxia, China; (H.F.); (H.Z.)
| | - Xiangli Kong
- Institute of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China;
| | - Dongmei Wu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China; (Z.Z.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (D.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Jiaqi Zheng
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China; (Z.Z.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (D.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Donghong Liu
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China; (Z.Z.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (D.L.); (X.Y.)
- Ningbo Research Institute, Zhejiang University, Ningbo 315100, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xingqian Ye
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China; (Z.Z.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (D.L.); (X.Y.)
| | - Shiguo Chen
- National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Intelligent Food Technology and Equipment, Zhejiang Key Laboratory for Agro-Food Processing, Zhejiang Engineering Laboratory of Food Technology and Equipment, Fuli Institute of Food Science, College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, Zhejiang, China; (Z.Z.); (D.W.); (J.Z.); (D.L.); (X.Y.)
- Correspondence: (J.T.); (S.C.); Tel.: +86-571-8898-2155 (J.T.); +86-571-8898-2151 (S.C.)
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Ding L, Huang Q, Li H, Wang Z, Fu X, Zhang B. Controlled gelatinization of potato parenchyma cells under excess water condition: structural and in vitro digestion properties of starch. Food Funct 2019; 10:5312-5322. [DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00928k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The starch digestion rate and extent of potato-based food were modulated through controlled gelatinization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ding
- School of Food Science and Engineering
- National Joint Research Center for Tropical Health Food
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
| | - Qiang Huang
- School of Food Science and Engineering
- National Joint Research Center for Tropical Health Food
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
| | - Haiteng Li
- Center for Nutrition and Food Sciences
- the University of Queensland
- St Lucia
- Australia
| | - Zhigang Wang
- Guangzhou Lonkey Industrial Co. Ltd
- Guangzhou
- China
| | - Xiong Fu
- School of Food Science and Engineering
- National Joint Research Center for Tropical Health Food
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
| | - Bin Zhang
- School of Food Science and Engineering
- National Joint Research Center for Tropical Health Food
- Guangdong Province Key Laboratory for Green Processing of Natural Products and Product Safety
- South China University of Technology
- Guangzhou 510640
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