|
1
|
Peng Z, Wu M, Liao Q, Zhu N, Li Y, Huang Y, Wu J. Hot-water soluble fraction of starch as particle-stabilizers of oil-in-water emulsions: Effect of dry heat modification. Carbohydr Polym 2024; 336:122130. [PMID: 38670760 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2024.122130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Dry heat treatment (DHT) ranging from 130 to 190 °C was employed to modify corn starch. The hot-water soluble fraction (HWS) of the DHT-modified starch was isolated, and its capacity and mechanism for stabilizing O/W emulsions were investigated. Corn starch underwent a significant structural transformation by DHT at 190 °C, characterized by a 7.3 % reduction in relative crystallinity, a tenfold decrease in weight-average molecular weight from 95.21 to 8.11 × 106 g/mol, and a degradation of over one-third of the extra-long chains of amylopectin (DP > 36) into short chains (DP 6-12). These structural modifications resulted in a substantial formation of soluble amylopectin, leading to a sharp increase in the HWS content of corn starch from 3.16 % to 85.06 %. This augmented HWS content surpassed the critical macromolecule concentration, prompting the formation of HWS nanoaggregates. These nanoaggregates, with an average particle size of 33 nm, functioned as particle stabilizers, ensuring the stability of the O/W emulsion through the Pickering mechanism. The O/W emulsion stabilized by HWS nanoaggregates exhibited noteworthy centrifugal and storage stability, with rheological properties remaining nearly unchanged over a storage period of 180 days. Given its straightforward preparation process, the HWS of DHT-modified starch could be a promising natural emulsifier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhenhuan Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Minghua Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Qichao Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Nanwei Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Yue Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Jianyong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China; International Institute of Food Innovation Co, Ltd., Nanchang University, Nanchang 330200, China.
| |
Collapse
|
|
2
|
Singh A, Umeda T, Kobayashi I. Formulation and Characterization of Soybean Oil-in-Water Emulsions Stabilized Using Gelatinized Starch Dispersions from Plant Sources. Molecules 2024; 29:1923. [PMID: 38731414 PMCID: PMC11085249 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29091923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2024] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
Consumers are concerned about employing green processing technologies and natural ingredients in different manufacturing sectors to achieve a "clean label" standard for products and minimize the hazardous impact of chemical ingredients on human health and the environment. In this study, we investigated the effects of gelatinized starch dispersions (GSDs) prepared from six plant sources (indica and japonica rice, wheat, corn, potatoes, and sweet potatoes) on the formulation and stability of oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions. The effect of gelatinization temperature and time conditions of 85-90 °C for 20 min on the interfacial tension of the two phases was observed. Emulsification was performed using a primary homogenization condition of 10,000 rpm for 5 min, followed by high-pressure homogenization at 100 MPa for five cycles. The effects of higher oil weight fractions (15-25% w/w) and storage stability at different temperatures for four weeks were also evaluated. The interfacial tension of all starch GSDs with soybean oil decreased compared with the interfacial tension between soybean oil and water as a control. The largest interfacial tension reduction was observed for the GSD from indica rice. Microstructural analysis indicated that the GSDs stabilized the O/W emulsion by coating oil droplets. Emulsions formulated using a GSD from indica rice were stable during four weeks of storage with a volume mean diameter (d4,3) of ~1 µm, minimal viscosity change, and a negative ζ-potential.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ankita Singh
- Institute of Food Research, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannodai, Tsukuba 305-8642, Ibaraki, Japan; (A.S.); (T.U.)
- Graduate School of Science and Technology, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8572, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Takumi Umeda
- Institute of Food Research, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannodai, Tsukuba 305-8642, Ibaraki, Japan; (A.S.); (T.U.)
| | - Isao Kobayashi
- Institute of Food Research, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 2-1-12 Kannodai, Tsukuba 305-8642, Ibaraki, Japan; (A.S.); (T.U.)
- School of Integrative and Global Majors, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8577, Ibaraki, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
|
3
|
Zhu Y, Hong N, Zhao L, Liu S, Zhang J, Li M, Ma Y, Liang D, Zhao G. Effect of Molecular Weight on the Structural and Emulsifying Characteristics of Bovine Bone Protein Hydrolysate. Foods 2023; 12:4515. [PMID: 38137319 PMCID: PMC10743285 DOI: 10.3390/foods12244515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2023] [Revised: 12/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/13/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The emulsifying capacity of bovine bone protein extracted using high-pressure hot water (HBBP) has been determined to be good. Nevertheless, given that HBBP is a blend of peptides with a broad range of molecular weights, the distinction in emulsifying capacity between polypeptide components with high and low molecular weights is unclear. Therefore, in this study, HBBP was separated into three molecular weight components of 10-30 kDa (HBBP 1), 5-10 kDa (HBBP 2), and <5 kDa (HBBP 3) via ultrafiltration, and the differences in their structures and emulsifying properties were investigated. The polypeptide with the highest molecular weight displayed the lowest endogenous fluorescence intensity, the least solubility in an aqueous solution, and the highest surface hydrophobicity index. Analysis using laser confocal Raman spectroscopy showed that with an increase in polypeptide molecular weight, the α-helix and β-sheet contents in the secondary structure of the polypeptide molecule increased significantly. Particle size, rheological characteristics, and laser confocal microscopy were used to characterize the emulsion made from peptides of various molecular weights. High-molecular-weight peptides were able to provide a more robust spatial repulsion and thicker interfacial coating in the emulsion, which would make the emulsion more stable. The above results showed that the high-molecular-weight polypeptide in HBBP effectively improved the emulsion stability when forming an emulsion. This study increased the rate at which bovine bone was utilized and provided a theoretical foundation for the use of bovine bone protein as an emulsifier in the food sector.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yaodi Zhu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Y.Z.); (N.H.); (L.Z.); (S.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.M.); (D.L.); (G.Z.)
- International Joint Laboratory of Meat Processing and Safety in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Niancheng Hong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Y.Z.); (N.H.); (L.Z.); (S.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.M.); (D.L.); (G.Z.)
- International Joint Laboratory of Meat Processing and Safety in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Lijun Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Y.Z.); (N.H.); (L.Z.); (S.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.M.); (D.L.); (G.Z.)
- International Joint Laboratory of Meat Processing and Safety in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Shengnan Liu
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Y.Z.); (N.H.); (L.Z.); (S.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.M.); (D.L.); (G.Z.)
- International Joint Laboratory of Meat Processing and Safety in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Y.Z.); (N.H.); (L.Z.); (S.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.M.); (D.L.); (G.Z.)
- International Joint Laboratory of Meat Processing and Safety in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Miaoyun Li
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Y.Z.); (N.H.); (L.Z.); (S.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.M.); (D.L.); (G.Z.)
- International Joint Laboratory of Meat Processing and Safety in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Yangyang Ma
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Y.Z.); (N.H.); (L.Z.); (S.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.M.); (D.L.); (G.Z.)
- International Joint Laboratory of Meat Processing and Safety in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Dong Liang
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Y.Z.); (N.H.); (L.Z.); (S.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.M.); (D.L.); (G.Z.)
- International Joint Laboratory of Meat Processing and Safety in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Gaiming Zhao
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; (Y.Z.); (N.H.); (L.Z.); (S.L.); (J.Z.); (Y.M.); (D.L.); (G.Z.)
- International Joint Laboratory of Meat Processing and Safety in Henan Province, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| |
Collapse
|
|
4
|
Apostolidis E, Stoforos GN, Mandala I. Starch physical treatment, emulsion formation, stability, and their applications. Carbohydr Polym 2023; 305:120554. [PMID: 36737219 DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2023.120554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2022] [Revised: 11/18/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Pickering emulsions are increasingly preferred over typical surfactant-based emulsions due to several advantages, such as lower emulsifier usage, simplicity, biocompatibility, and safety. These types of emulsions are stabilized using solid particles, which produce a thick layer at the oil-water interface preventing droplets from aggregating. Starch nano-particles (SNPs) have received considerable attention as natural alternatives to synthetic stabilizers due to their unique properties. Physical formulation processes are currently preferred for SNP production since they are environmentally friendly procedures that do not require the use of chemical reagents. This review provides a thorough overview in a critical perspective of the physical processes to produce starch nano-particles used as Pickering emulsion stabilizers, fabricated by a 2-step process. Specifically, the reviewed physical approaches for nano-starch preparation include high hydrostatic pressure, high pressure homogenization, ultrasonication, milling and antisolvent precipitation. All the essential parameters used to evaluate the effectiveness of particles in stabilizing these systems are also presented in detail, including the hydrophobicity, size, and content of starch particles. Finally, this review provides the basis for future research focusing on physical nano-starch production, to ensure the widespread use of these natural stabilizers in the ever-evolving field of food technology.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eftychios Apostolidis
- Agricultural University of Athens, Dept. Food Science & Human Nutrition, Laboratory of Food Process Engineering, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Votanikos, Athens, Greece
| | - George N Stoforos
- Agricultural University of Athens, Dept. Food Science & Human Nutrition, Laboratory of Food Process Engineering, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Votanikos, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Mandala
- Agricultural University of Athens, Dept. Food Science & Human Nutrition, Laboratory of Food Process Engineering, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Votanikos, Athens, Greece.
| |
Collapse
|
|
5
|
Song X, Gong H, Zhu W, Wang J, Zhai Y, Lin S. Pickering emulsion stabilized by composite-modified waxy corn starch particles. Int J Biol Macromol 2022; 205:66-75. [PMID: 35176323 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2022.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The starch-based Pickering stabilizer has attracted more research interest recently, however, its application in food system is limited due to the low digestibility of raw starch particles. In this study, waxy corn starches were modified with octenyl succinic anhydride and then treated by dry heating at 180 °C for 20-60 min. Pickering emulsions stabilized by the composite-modified starch particles were fabricated, the physical stability, rheology property and microstructure of the emulsions were investigated. The results showed that the composite-modified starches maintained granule structure, their gelatinization temperatures and enthalpy significantly reduced after heat treatment (p < 0.05). Compared with native starch, the composite-modified starches had bigger three-phase contact angles and higher in vitro digestibility, while the relative crystallinity decreased from 32.46% to 24.87%. Pickering emulsions stabilized by composite-modified starch particles had long-term stability up to 300 days. The rheology results showed that all emulsions exhibited pseudoplastic behaviors and had higher storage modulus than loss modulus. Moreover, the viscosities decreased when the starch was roasted for 40 and 60 min. The composite-modified starch particles and few starch macromolecules at oil-water interface stabilized the emulsions collectively. These results provide a new strategy for designing an edible Pickering stabilizer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoyan Song
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Hui Gong
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Wei Zhu
- College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China.
| | - Jinling Wang
- School of Forestry, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China.
| | - Yuge Zhai
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| | - Shunshun Lin
- College of Food Science and Technology, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China
| |
Collapse
|