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Lai WC, Liu LJ, Tseng SJ. Green Polymer Electrolytes Prepared by a Cost-Effective Approach. LANGMUIR : THE ACS JOURNAL OF SURFACES AND COLLOIDS 2024; 40:16492-16501. [PMID: 39046930 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.4c01853] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
The preparation of solid polymer electrolytes (SPEs) using poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO) typically involves incorporating fillers or undergoing chemical modifications to reduce crystallinity and enhance conductivity. PEO with a lower molecular weight, known as polyethylene glycol (PEG), exhibits higher conductivity, despite weaker mechanical strength. It is commonly employed as a plasticizer to improve the conductivity of SPEs or to fabricate PEG-based gel polymer electrolytes (GPEs). In this study, we use a straightforward approach to create innovative SPEs by blending liquid polymer electrolytes (LPEs), particularly low-molecular-weight polyethylene glycol (PEG), with a molecular weight of 400 g/mol, and sustainable poly(l-lactide) (PLLA). Solid PEG/PLLA forms are achieved by introducing 30 wt % of PLLA. Subsequently, the addition of lithium salts results in the development of novel PEG/PLLA SPEs. Another focal point of this study involves incorporating 1,3:2,4-dibenzylidene sorbitol (DBS) into these PEG/PLLA systems. DBS, an organic gelator derived from natural sugars, demonstrates self-assembly, leading to the formation of a nanofibrillar network structure. Leveraging DBS's ability to form organogels in liquid organic environments, we facilitate the transformation of low PLLA content LPEs into innovative solvent-free GPEs. Our prepared PEG/PLLA SPEs exhibited a maximum conductivity value of 4.39 × 10-5 S/cm, approximately five times higher than that of neat PEG (10000 g/mol) SPEs. The ionic conductivity exhibited a declining trend as the content of PLLA and DBS increased. However, there was an improvement in electrochemical stability. Furthermore, the incorporation of PLLA and DBS into electrolytes contributed to enhanced mechanical support and stability within the electrolyte layer. This, in turn, mitigated capacity decay and improved the cycling performance of assembled lithium-ion cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Chi Lai
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tamkang University, No. 151, Yingzhuan Road, Tamsui District, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jie Liu
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tamkang University, No. 151, Yingzhuan Road, Tamsui District, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
| | - Shen-Jhen Tseng
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, Tamkang University, No. 151, Yingzhuan Road, Tamsui District, New Taipei City 25137, Taiwan
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Arrieta AA, Calabokis OP, Vanegas C. Influence of Lithium Triflate Salt Concentration on Structural, Thermal, Electrochemical, and Ionic Conductivity Properties of Cassava Starch Solid Biopolymer Electrolytes. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:8450. [PMID: 39126018 PMCID: PMC11313586 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25158450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2024] [Revised: 07/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Cassava starch solid biopolymer electrolyte (SBPE) films were prepared by a thermochemical method with different concentrations of lithium triflate (LiTFT) as a dopant salt. The process began with dispersing cassava starch in water, followed by heating to facilitate gelatinization; subsequently, plasticizers and LiTFT were added at differing concentrations. The infrared spectroscopy analysis (FTIR-ATR) showed variations in the wavenumber of some characteristic bands of starch, thus evidencing the interaction between the LiTFT salt and biopolymeric matrix. The short-range crystallinity index, determined by the ratio of COH to COC bands, exhibited the highest crystallinity in the salt-free SBPEs and the lowest in the SBPEs with a concentration ratio (Xm) of 0.17. The thermogravimetric analysis demonstrated that the salt addition increased the dehydration process temperature by 5 °C. Additionally, the thermal decomposition processes were shown at lower temperatures after the addition of the LiTFT salt into the SBPEs. The differential scanning calorimetry showed that the addition of the salt affected the endothermic process related to the degradation of the packing of the starch molecules, which occurred at 70 °C in the salt-free SBPEs and at lower temperatures (2 or 3 °C less) in the films that contained the LiTFT salt at different concentrations. The cyclic voltammetry analysis of the SBPE films identified the redox processes of the glucose units in all the samples, with observed differences in peak potentials (Ep) and peak currents (Ip) across various salt concentrations. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy was used to establish the equivalent circuit model Rf-(Cdl/(Rct-(CPE/Rre))) and determine the electrochemical parameters, revealing a higher conduction value of 2.72 × 10-3 S cm-1 for the SBPEs with Xm = 17 and a lower conduction of 5.80 × 10-4 S cm-1 in the salt-free SBPEs. It was concluded that the concentration of LiTFT salt in the cassava starch SBPE films influences their morphology and slightly reduces their thermal stability. Furthermore, the electrochemical behavior is affected in terms of variations in the redox potentials of the glucose units of the biopolymer and in their ionic conductivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro A. Arrieta
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Universidad de Sucre, Sincelejo 700001, Colombia
| | - Oriana Palma Calabokis
- Faculty of Engineering and Basic Sciences, Fundación Universitaria Los Libertadores, Bogotá 111221, Colombia;
| | - Carlos Vanegas
- Department of Biology and Chemistry, Universidad de Sucre, Sincelejo 700001, Colombia
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Shao GQ, Zhang H, Xu D, Wu FF, Jin YM, Yang N, Yu KJ, Xu XM. Insights into starch-based gels: Selection, fabrication, and application. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 258:128864. [PMID: 38158059 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.128864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Starch a natural polymer, has made significant advancements in recent decades, offering superior performance and versatility compared to synthetic materials. This review discusses up-to-date diverse applications of starch gels, their fabrication techniques, and their advantages over synthetic materials. Starch gels renewability, biocompatibility, biodegradability, scalability, and affordability make them attractive. Also, advanced theoretical foundations and emerging industrial technologies could further expand their scope and functions inspiring new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guo-Qiang Shao
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Huang Zhang
- Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Henan University of Animal Husbandry and Economics, 6 Longzihu North Road, Zhengzhou, 450046, PR China
| | - Dan Xu
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Food Safety and Quality Control in Jiangsu Province, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Feng-Feng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Ya-Mei Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Na Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Ke-Jing Yu
- Key Laboratory of Eco-Textiles, Ministry of Education, School of Textile Science and Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, PR China
| | - Xue-Ming Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China; School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, 1800 Lihu Road, Wuxi 214122, PR China.
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Adewale P, Yancheshmeh MS, Lam E. Starch modification for non-food, industrial applications: Market intelligence and critical review. Carbohydr Polym 2022; 291:119590. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2022.119590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2022] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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