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Azougagh O, Jilal I, Jabir L, El-Hammi H, Essayeh S, Mohammed N, Achalhi N, El Yousfi R, El Idrissi A, El Ouardi Y, Laatikainen K, Abou-Salama M, El Barkany S. Dissolution mechanism of cellulose in a benzyltriethylammonium/urea deep eutectic solvent (DES): DFT-quantum modeling, molecular dynamics and experimental investigation. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2023; 25:22870-22888. [PMID: 37587837 DOI: 10.1039/d3cp02335d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/18/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, a benzyltriethylammonium/urea DES was investigated as a new green and eco-friendly medium for the progress of organic chemical reactions, particularly the dissolution and the functionalization of cellulose. In this regard, the viscosity-average molecular weight of cellulose (M̄w) during the dissolution/regeneration process was investigated, showing no significant degradation of the polymer chains. Moreover, X-ray diffraction patterns indicated that the cellulose dissolution process in the BTEAB/urea DES decreased the crystallinity index from 87% to 75%, and there was no effect on type I cellulose polymorphism. However, a drastic impact of the cosolvents (water and DMSO) on the melting point of the DES was observed. Besides, to understand the evolution of cellulose-DES interactions, the formation mechanism of the system was studied in terms of H-bond density and radial distribution function (RDF) using molecular dynamics modeling. Furthermore, density functional theory (DFT) was used to evaluate the topological characteristics of the polymeric system such as potential energy density (PED), laplacian electron density (LED), energy density, and kinetic energy density (KED) at bond critical points (BCPs) between the cellulose and the DES. The quantum theory of atoms in molecules (AIM), Bader's quantum theory (BQT), and reduced density gradient (RDG) scatter plots have been exploited to estimate and locate non-covalent interactions (NCIs). The results revealed that the dissolution process is attributed to the physical interactions, mainly the strong H-bond interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Azougagh
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Environment (LMCME), Department of Chemistry, Faculty Multidisciplinary Nador, Mohammed 1st University, P. B. 300, Nador 62700, Morocco.
| | - Issam Jilal
- LIMOME Laboratory, Dhar El Mehraz Faculty of Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, B.P. 1796 Atlas, Fes 30000, Morocco
| | - Loubna Jabir
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Environment (LMCME), Department of Chemistry, Faculty Multidisciplinary Nador, Mohammed 1st University, P. B. 300, Nador 62700, Morocco.
| | - Hayat El-Hammi
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Environment (LMCME), Department of Chemistry, Faculty Multidisciplinary Nador, Mohammed 1st University, P. B. 300, Nador 62700, Morocco.
| | - Soumya Essayeh
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Environment (LMCME), Department of Chemistry, Faculty Multidisciplinary Nador, Mohammed 1st University, P. B. 300, Nador 62700, Morocco.
| | - Nor Mohammed
- Applied Chemistry Unit, Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, 32 003 Al Hoceima, Morocco
| | - Nafea Achalhi
- Laboratory Applied Chemistry and Environmental (LCAE-URAC18), Faculty of Sciences of Oujda, Mohammed 1st University, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - Ridouan El Yousfi
- Laboratory Applied Chemistry and Environmental (LCAE-URAC18), Faculty of Sciences of Oujda, Mohammed 1st University, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - Abderrahmane El Idrissi
- Laboratory Applied Chemistry and Environmental (LCAE-URAC18), Faculty of Sciences of Oujda, Mohammed 1st University, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - Youssef El Ouardi
- LIMOME Laboratory, Dhar El Mehraz Faculty of Sciences, Sidi Mohamed Ben Abdellah University, B.P. 1796 Atlas, Fes 30000, Morocco
- Laboratory of Separation Technology, Lappeenranta University of Technology, P.O. Box 20, FI-53851 Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Katri Laatikainen
- Laboratory of Separation Technology, Lappeenranta University of Technology, P.O. Box 20, FI-53851 Lappeenranta, Finland
| | - Mohamed Abou-Salama
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Environment (LMCME), Department of Chemistry, Faculty Multidisciplinary Nador, Mohammed 1st University, P. B. 300, Nador 62700, Morocco.
| | - Soufian El Barkany
- Laboratory of Molecular Chemistry, Materials and Environment (LMCME), Department of Chemistry, Faculty Multidisciplinary Nador, Mohammed 1st University, P. B. 300, Nador 62700, Morocco.
- Applied Chemistry Unit, Sciences and Technologies Faculty, Abdelmalek Essaadi University, 32 003 Al Hoceima, Morocco
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Singh R, Singh S, Saxena DC. Systematic evaluation and effect of different treatments (HMT, QESD, OSA) on flow properties of
Chenopodium album
starch. J FOOD PROCESS PRES 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jfpp.17172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Renuka Singh
- Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering & Technology, Longowal Sangrur (India)
| | - Sukhcharn Singh
- Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering & Technology, Longowal Sangrur (India)
| | - D. C. Saxena
- Sant Longowal Institute of Engineering & Technology, Longowal Sangrur (India)
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Falua KJ, Pokharel A, Babaei-Ghazvini A, Ai Y, Acharya B. Valorization of Starch to Biobased Materials: A Review. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14112215. [PMID: 35683888 PMCID: PMC9183024 DOI: 10.3390/polym14112215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many concerns are being expressed about the biodegradability, biocompatibility, and long-term viability of polymer-based substances. This prompted the quest for an alternative source of material that could be utilized for various purposes. Starch is widely used as a thickener, emulsifier, and binder in many food and non-food sectors, but research focuses on increasing its application beyond these areas. Due to its biodegradability, low cost, renewability, and abundance, starch is considered a "green path" raw material for generating porous substances such as aerogels, biofoams, and bioplastics, which have sparked an academic interest. Existing research has focused on strategies for developing biomaterials from organic polymers (e.g., cellulose), but there has been little research on its polysaccharide counterpart (starch). This review paper highlighted the structure of starch, the context of amylose and amylopectin, and the extraction and modification of starch with their processes and limitations. Moreover, this paper describes nanofillers, intelligent pH-sensitive films, biofoams, aerogels of various types, bioplastics, and their precursors, including drying and manufacturing. The perspectives reveal the great potential of starch-based biomaterials in food, pharmaceuticals, biomedicine, and non-food applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kehinde James Falua
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada; (K.J.F.); (A.P.); (A.B.-G.)
- Department of Agricultural & Biosystems Engineering, University of Ilorin, Ilorin PMB 1515, Nigeria
| | - Anamol Pokharel
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada; (K.J.F.); (A.P.); (A.B.-G.)
| | - Amin Babaei-Ghazvini
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada; (K.J.F.); (A.P.); (A.B.-G.)
| | - Yongfeng Ai
- Department of Food and Bioproduct Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, 51 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A8, Canada;
| | - Bishnu Acharya
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Saskatchewan, 57 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5A9, Canada; (K.J.F.); (A.P.); (A.B.-G.)
- Correspondence:
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