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Suanno G, Genna VG, Maurizi E, Dieh AA, Griffith M, Ferrari G. Cell therapy in the cornea: The emerging role of microenvironment. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 102:101275. [PMID: 38797320 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2024.101275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The cornea is an ideal testing field for cell therapies. Its highly ordered structure, where specific cell populations are sequestered in different layers, together with its accessibility, has allowed the development of the first stem cell-based therapy approved by the European Medicine Agency. Today, different techniques have been proposed for autologous and allogeneic limbal and non-limbal cell transplantation. Cell replacement has also been attempted in cases of endothelial cell decompensation as it occurs in Fuchs dystrophy: injection of cultivated allogeneic endothelial cells is now in advanced phases of clinical development. Recently, stromal substitutes have been developed with excellent integration capability and transparency. Finally, cell-derived products, such as exosomes obtained from different sources, have been investigated for the treatment of severe corneal diseases with encouraging results. Optimization of the success rate of cell therapies obviously requires high-quality cultured cells/products, but the role of the surrounding microenvironment is equally important to allow engraftment of transplanted cells, to preserve their functions and, ultimately, lead to restoration of tissue integrity and transparency of the cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Suanno
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Eye Repair Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Eleonora Maurizi
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine ''S. Ferrari'', University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Anas Abu Dieh
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - May Griffith
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Giulio Ferrari
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Eye Repair Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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2
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Altshuler A, Amitai-Lange A, Nasser W, Dimri S, Bhattacharya S, Tiosano B, Barbara R, Aberdam D, Shimmura S, Shalom-Feuerstein R. Eyes open on stem cells. Stem Cell Reports 2023; 18:2313-2327. [PMID: 38039972 PMCID: PMC10724227 DOI: 10.1016/j.stemcr.2023.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, the murine cornea has reemerged as a robust stem cell (SC) model, allowing individual SC tracing in living animals. The cornea has pioneered seminal discoveries in SC biology and regenerative medicine, from the first corneal transplantation in 1905 to the identification of limbal SCs and their transplantation to successfully restore vision in the early 1990s. Recent experiments have exposed unexpected properties attributed to SCs and progenitors and revealed flexibility in the differentiation program and a key role for the SC niche. Here, we discuss the limbal SC model and its broader relevance to other tissues, disease, and therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Altshuler
- Department of Genetics & Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine & Research Institute, Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel.
| | - Aya Amitai-Lange
- Department of Genetics & Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine & Research Institute, Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Waseem Nasser
- Department of Genetics & Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine & Research Institute, Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Shalini Dimri
- Department of Genetics & Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine & Research Institute, Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Swarnabh Bhattacharya
- Department of Genetics & Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine & Research Institute, Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel
| | - Beatrice Tiosano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
| | - Ramez Barbara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hillel Yaffe Medical Center, Hadera, Israel
| | - Daniel Aberdam
- Université Paris-Cité, INSERM U1138, Centre des Cordeliers, 75270 Paris, France
| | - Shigeto Shimmura
- Department of Clinical Regenerative Medicine, Fujita Medical Innovation Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ruby Shalom-Feuerstein
- Department of Genetics & Developmental Biology, The Rappaport Faculty of Medicine & Research Institute, Technion Integrated Cancer Center, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 31096, Israel.
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Korkmaz I, Palamar M, Egrilmez S, Gurdal M, Yagci A, Barut Selver O. Evaluation of Limbal Stem Cell Transplant Success in Ocular Chemical Injury. EXP CLIN TRANSPLANT 2023; 21:684-690. [PMID: 34981716 DOI: 10.6002/ect.2021.0393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We evaluated limbal stem cell transplant success in limbal stem cell deficiency due to chemical injury at a tertiary eye care center in Turkey with a novel system for describing limbal stem cell deficiency, as developed by the Limbal Stem Cell Working Group. MATERIALS AND METHODS Medical records of 80 eyes of 80 patients after limbal stem cell transplant for limbal stem cell deficiency secondary to chemical injury were included, with patients grouped according to surgical procedure, ie, limbal autograft, limbal allograft, and cultivated limbal epithelial cell transplant. Surgical success was defined as improvement in postoperative year 1 of limbal stem cell deficiency stage. RESULTS Patients' mean age was 37.9 ± 15.7 years (range, 4-71 years). Male/female ratio was 2.4. Forty-five patients (56.3%) were injured with alkaline substance, and 16 (20%) with acid substance. Mean follow-up time was 60.3 ± 30.6 months (range, 6-118.6 months). Limbal autograft, allograft, and cultivated limbal epithelial cell transplants were performed in 58 (72.5%), 12 (15%), and 10 (12.5%) eyes, respectively. Intervals between injury and surgery in limbal autograft, limbal allograft, and cultivated limbal epithelial cell transplants were 43.3 ± 94.1 months (range, 0.5-592 months), 14.5 ± 10.6 months (range, 2.4-32.5 months), and 122.8 ± 158.9 months (range, 21.1-504 months),respectively (P = .02); and surgical success rates in each group were 65.5%, 41.7%, and 90%, respectively (P = .03). Overall surgical success rate was 65%. CONCLUSIONS Accurate determination of the limbal stem cell deficiency stage is crucial for proper evaluation of surgical success. Surgery type and interval between injury and surgery were the most important factors associated with higher surgical success rates. Despite the limited number of patients in the subgroups, the results were remarkable to emphasize the significance of a novel limbal stem cell deficiency scoring system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilayda Korkmaz
- From the Department of Ophthalmology, Ege University, Izmir, Turkey
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4
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Xu P, Lin X, Dong X, Liu Y, Wang Z, Wang S. Trigeminal nerve-derived substance P regulates limbal stem cells by the PI3K-AKT pathway. iScience 2023; 26:106688. [PMID: 37187698 PMCID: PMC10176256 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2023.106688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Trigeminal nerve-derived substance P (SP), a widespread neuropeptide, is known to maintain the corneal epithelial homeostasis and promote the closure of wound healing. Using comprehensive in vivo and in vitro assays and RNA-sequencing analysis, we aimed to unveil the positive effects of SP on the biological characteristics of limbal stem cells (LSCs) and the underlying mechanism. SP enhanced the proliferation and stemness of LSCs in vitro. Correspondingly, it rescued corneal defects, corneal sensitivity, and the expression of LSC-positive markers in a neurotrophic keratopathy (NK) mouse model in vivo. Topical injection of a neurokinin-1 receptor (NK1R) antagonist caused similar pathological changes as in corneal denervated mice and attenuated LSC-positive markers levels. Mechanistically, we revealed that SP regulated LSCs functions by modulating the PI3K-AKT pathway. Our findings showed that the trigeminal nerve regulates LSCs by releasing SP, which may provide new insights into the regulation of LSCs' fate and stem cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peipei Xu
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiongshi Lin
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xing Dong
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhichong Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Corresponding author
| | - Shuangyong Wang
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Corresponding author
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Oie Y, Sugita S, Yokokura S, Nakazawa T, Tomida D, Satake Y, Shimazaki J, Hara Y, Shiraishi A, Quantock AJ, Ogasawara T, Inoie M, Nishida K. Clinical Trial of Autologous Cultivated Limbal Epithelial Cell Sheet Transplantation for Patients with Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency. Ophthalmology 2023; 130:608-614. [PMID: 36736434 DOI: 10.1016/j.ophtha.2023.01.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/05/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE OR PURPOSE To confirm the efficacy and safety of Good Manufacturing Practice (GMP)-compliant autologous cultivated limbal epithelial cell sheets in government-controlled clinical trials that adhered to Good Clinical Practice stipulations for patients with unilateral limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD). DESIGN A prospective, multi-center, open-label, uncontrolled, single-arm clinical trial. SUBJECTS, PARTICIPANTS OR CONTROLS Ten consecutive eyes of 10 patients with unilateral LSCD were followed for two years after surgery. Preoperative LSCD stage was IIB in four eyes and III in six eyes. METHODS A limbal tissue biopsy was obtained from the healthy eye, after which limbal stem cells were dissociated and cultivated on temperature-responsive culture surfaces. All cell sheets were fabricated in a GMP-grade facility under established standard operating procedures. Cell sheets were evaluated using defined shipment criteria before transplantation, and only those that met the criteria were used. The cell sheet was transplanted onto each of the patients' diseased eye after removing the conjunctival scar tissue that covered the corneal surface. The severity of LSCD was determined according to a staging method agreed upon by global consensus, with eyes evaluated as being in stages IA-C representing successful corneal epithelial reconstruction. LSCD diagnosis and staging were determined by the trial's Eligibility Judgment Committee and Effect Assessment Committee using slit-lamp photographs including fluorescein staining. Both committees comprised two or three third-party cornea specialists, who were provided with information anonymously and randomly. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Corneal epithelial reconstruction rate was the primary endpoint. RESULTS Corneal epithelial reconstruction was successful in six of 10 eyes (60%) one year postoperatively and was significantly higher than the 15% clinically significant efficacy rate achieved by allogeneic limbal transplantation. The reconstruction rate was 70% of eyes two years postoperatively. Additionally, improvements in visual acuity were noted in 50% and 60% of eyes at one and two years, respectively. No clinically significant transplantation-related adverse events were observed. CONCLUSION The efficacy and safety of cultivated limbal epithelial cell sheet transplantation were thus confirmed, and the cell sheet, named Nepic, is now approved as a Cellular and Tissue-Based Product in Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Oie
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | | - Shunji Yokokura
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine; Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Toru Nakazawa
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine; Sendai 980-8574, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tomida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Dental College, Ichikawa General Hospital; Chiba 272-8513, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Satake
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Dental College, Ichikawa General Hospital; Chiba 272-8513, Japan
| | - Jun Shimazaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tokyo Dental College, Ichikawa General Hospital; Chiba 272-8513, Japan
| | - Yuko Hara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine; Toon 791-0295, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shiraishi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Ehime University Graduate School of Medicine; Toon 791-0295, Japan
| | - Andrew J Quantock
- School of Optometry and Vision Sciences, Cardiff University; Cardiff CF24 4HQ, Wales, United Kingdom
| | | | - Masukazu Inoie
- Japan Tissue Engineering Co, Ltd; Gamagori 443-0022, Japan
| | - Kohji Nishida
- Department of Ophthalmology, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine; Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
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Torrents S, Grau-Vorster M, Vives J. Illustrative Potency Assay Examples from Approved Therapies. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2023; 1420:139-149. [PMID: 37258788 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-30040-0_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Advanced therapy medicinal products (ATMP) encompass a new type of drugs resulting from the manipulation of genes, cells, and tissues to generate innovative medicinal entities with tailored pharmaceutical activity. Definition of suitable potency tests for product release are challenging in this context, in which the active ingredient is composed of living cells and the mechanism of action often is poorly understood. In this chapter, we present and discuss actual potency assays used for the release of representative commercial ATMP from each category of products (namely, KYMRIAH® (tisagenlecleucel), Holoclar® (limbal epithelial stem cells), and PROCHYMAL®/RYONCIL™ (remestemcel-L)). We also examine concerns related to the biological relevance of selected potency assays and challenges ahead for harmonization and broader implementation in compliance with current quality standards and regulatory guidelines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sílvia Torrents
- Banc de Sang i Teixits, Edifici Dr. Frederic Duran i Jordà, Barcelona, Spain
- Transfusion Medicine group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Grau-Vorster
- Banc de Sang i Teixits, Edifici Dr. Frederic Duran i Jordà, Barcelona, Spain
- Transfusion Medicine group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joaquim Vives
- Banc de Sang i Teixits, Edifici Dr. Frederic Duran i Jordà, Barcelona, Spain.
- Musculoskeletal Tissue Engineering Group, Vall d'Hebron Research Institute (VHIR), Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
- Departament de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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7
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Kumar N, Maher N, Amin F, Ghabbani H, Zafar MS, Rodríguez-Lozano FJ, Oñate-Sánchez RE. Biomimetic Approaches in Clinical Endodontics. Biomimetics (Basel) 2022; 7:biomimetics7040229. [PMID: 36546929 PMCID: PMC9775094 DOI: 10.3390/biomimetics7040229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/19/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
In the last few decades, biomimetic concepts have been widely adopted in various biomedical fields, including clinical dentistry. Endodontics is an important sub-branch of dentistry which deals with the different conditions of pulp to prevent tooth loss. Traditionally, common procedures, namely pulp capping, root canal treatment, apexification, and apexigonesis, have been considered for the treatment of different pulp conditions using selected materials. However, clinically to regenerate dental pulp, tissue engineering has been advocated as a feasible approach. Currently, new trends are emerging in terms of regenerative endodontics which have led to the replacement of diseased and non-vital teeth into the functional and healthy dentine-pulp complex. Root- canal therapy is the standard management option when dental pulp is damaged irreversibly. This treatment modality involves soft-tissue removal and then filling that gap through the obturation technique with a synthetic material. The formation of tubular dentine and pulp-like tissue formation occurs when stem cells are transplanted into the root canal with an appropriate scaffold material. To sum up tissue engineering approach includes three components: (1) scaffold, (2) differentiation, growth, and factors, and (3) the recruitment of stem cells within the pulp or from the periapical region. The aim of this paper is to thoroughly review and discuss various pulp-regenerative approaches and materials used in regenerative endodontics which may highlight the current trends and future research prospects in this particular area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Kumar
- Department of Science of Dental Materials, Dr. Ishrat Ul Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +92-333-2818500
| | - Nazrah Maher
- Department of Science of Dental Materials, Dr. Ishrat Ul Ebad Khan Institute of Oral Health Sciences, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan
| | - Faiza Amin
- Department of Science of Dental Materials, Dow Dental College, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi 74200, Pakistan
| | - Hani Ghabbani
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Al Munawwarah 41311, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Sohail Zafar
- Department of Restorative Dentistry, College of Dentistry, Taibah University, Al Madinah, Al Munawwarah 41311, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Dental Materials, Islamic International Dental College, Riphah International University, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
| | | | - Ricardo E. Oñate-Sánchez
- Department of Special Care in Dentistry, Hospital Morales Meseguer, IMIB-Arrixaca, University of Murcia, 30008 Murcia, Spain
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Mao Y, Ou S, Zhu C, Lin S, Liu X, Liang M, Yu J, Wu Y, He H, Zong R, Lin Z, Liu Z, Li W. Downregulation of p38 MAPK signaling pathway ameliorates tissue engineered corneal epithelium. Tissue Eng Part A 2022; 28:977-989. [PMID: 36066335 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2022.0082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineered corneal epithelium transplantation is effective treatment for severe limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD), while epithelial terminal differentiation, tans-differentiation and insufficient stem cell during construction affects the quality of tissue engineered corneal epithelium. In this study, we applied SB203580 in the culture medium to downregulate the P38 MAPK signaling pathway during construction of tissue engineered corneal epithelium. With application of SB203580, tissue engineered corneal epithelium showed enhanced strength and condensed structure. The expression of progenitor cell markers ABCG2, P63, K14, Wnt7a was increased, differentiation markers K12, Pax6, K10, K13, and trans-differentiation markers α-SMA and Snail1 was decreased, while cell junction markers Claudin-1 and E-cadherin was increased in the tissue engineered corneal epithelium. The wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was upregulated in the epithelium after p38 MAPK inhibition. Transplantation of tissue engineered corneal epithelium treated with SB203580 to rabbit LSCD model showed faster wound healing and improved epithelial quality. We conclude that downregulation of p38 MAPK signaling pathway helps maintain the stemness, prevent terminal differentiation and abnormal differentiation of corneal epithelial cells during epithelium construction process, thus can improve the quality of tissue engineered corneal epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Mao
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian, China;
| | - Shangkun Ou
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian, China;
| | - Chengfang Zhu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian, China;
| | - Sijie Lin
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian, China;
| | - Xiaodong Liu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian, China;
| | - Minghui Liang
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Naikai, Fujian, China;
| | - Jingwen Yu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian, China;
| | - Yiming Wu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian, China;
| | - Hui He
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian, China;
| | - Rongrong Zong
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, 3. Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, China;
| | - Zhirong Lin
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China;
| | - Zuguo Liu
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian, China;
| | - Wei Li
- Eye Institute of Xiamen University and affiliated Xiamen Eye Center, School of Medicine, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Department of Ophthalmology, Xiang'an Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, China.,Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Xiamen, Fujian, China;
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9
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Effect of Conditioned Media of Limbal Epithelial Cells and Corneal Stromal Cells on Functional Activity of Limb Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Bull Exp Biol Med 2022; 173:464-467. [DOI: 10.1007/s10517-022-05562-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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10
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Català P, Groen N, Dehnen JA, Soares E, van Velthoven AJH, Nuijts RMMA, Dickman MM, LaPointe VLS. Single cell transcriptomics reveals the heterogeneity of the human cornea to identify novel markers of the limbus and stroma. Sci Rep 2021; 11:21727. [PMID: 34741068 PMCID: PMC8571304 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-01015-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2021] [Accepted: 10/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The cornea is the clear window that lets light into the eye. It is composed of five layers: epithelium, Bowman's layer, stroma, Descemet's membrane and endothelium. The maintenance of its structure and transparency are determined by the functions of the different cell types populating each layer. Attempts to regenerate corneal tissue and understand disease conditions requires knowledge of how cell profiles vary across this heterogeneous tissue. We performed a single cell transcriptomic profiling of 19,472 cells isolated from eight healthy donor corneas. Our analysis delineates the heterogeneity of the corneal layers by identifying cell populations and revealing cell states that contribute in preserving corneal homeostasis. We identified expression of CAV1, HOMER3 and CPVL in the corneal epithelial limbal stem cell niche, CKS2, STMN1 and UBE2C were exclusively expressed in highly proliferative transit amplifying cells, CXCL14 was expressed exclusively in the suprabasal/superficial limbus, and NNMT was exclusively expressed by stromal keratocytes. Overall, this research provides a basis to improve current primary cell expansion protocols, for future profiling of corneal disease states, to help guide pluripotent stem cells into different corneal lineages, and to understand how engineered substrates affect corneal cells to improve regenerative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pere Català
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center+, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jasmin A Dehnen
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center+, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Eduardo Soares
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center+, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Arianne J H van Velthoven
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center+, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Rudy M M A Nuijts
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center+, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Mor M Dickman
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
- University Eye Clinic Maastricht, Maastricht University Medical Center+, PO Box 5800, 6202 AZ, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Vanessa L S LaPointe
- Department of Cell Biology-Inspired Tissue Engineering, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, P.O. Box 616, 6200 MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
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11
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Alexander-Sinclair EI, Okolov IN, Perepletchikova DA, Grechanaya YS, Zhurenkov KE, Blinova MI. [The in vitro effect of antiseptics on epithelial cells of human cornea and conjunctiva]. Vestn Oftalmol 2021; 137:86-92. [PMID: 34726862 DOI: 10.17116/oftalma202113705186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Effective and safe antiseptic eye preparations are necessary for prevention and treatment of infectious and inflammatory eye diseases. PURPOSE in vitro evaluation of the effect of antiseptic eye drops on corneal and conjunctival epithelial cells. MATERIAL AND METHODS Antiseptic eye drops «Bactavit», «Vitabact» and «Ocomistin» were the object of the study. Immortalized human corneal epithelial cell lines (HCE) and human conjunctiva (Chang Conjunctiva, Clone 1-5c-4) were used as the test systems. The viability of the cells was assessed by their metabolic activity and morphology using the MTT test and phase-contrast microscopy. RESULTS Antiseptic eye drops belonging to different groups of chemical compounds induced cytotoxic effects on the cells of corneal epithelium (HCE) and human conjunctiva (Chang Conjunctiva, Clone 1-5c-4) of varying degrees, leading to morphological and functional changes in those cells. CONCLUSION The study confirms the possibility of using cultured cells for the in vitro comparative assessment of the cytotoxic effect of antiseptic ophthalmic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - I N Okolov
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - D A Perepletchikova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - Yu S Grechanaya
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,Peter the Great St. Petersburg Polytechnic University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - K E Zhurenkov
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia.,Saint Petersburg State University, Saint Petersburg, Russia
| | - M I Blinova
- Institute of Cytology of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Saint Petersburg, Russia
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12
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Sundaravadivelu PK, Raina K, Thool M, Ray A, Joshi JM, Kaveeshwar V, Sudhagar S, Lenka N, Thummer RP. Tissue-Restricted Stem Cells as Starting Cell Source for Efficient Generation of Pluripotent Stem Cells: An Overview. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2021; 1376:151-180. [PMID: 34611861 DOI: 10.1007/5584_2021_660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) have vast biomedical potential concerning disease modeling, drug screening and discovery, cell therapy, tissue engineering, and understanding organismal development. In the year 2006, a groundbreaking study reported the generation of iPSCs from mouse embryonic fibroblasts by viral transduction of four transcription factors, namely, Oct4, Sox2, Klf4, and c-Myc. Subsequently, human iPSCs were generated by reprogramming fibroblasts as a starting cell source using two reprogramming factor cocktails [(i) OCT4, SOX2, KLF4, and c-MYC, and (ii) OCT4, SOX2, NANOG, and LIN28]. The wide range of applications of these human iPSCs in research, therapeutics, and personalized medicine has driven the scientific community to optimize and understand this reprogramming process to achieve quality iPSCs with higher efficiency and faster kinetics. One of the essential criteria to address this is by identifying an ideal cell source in which pluripotency can be induced efficiently to give rise to high-quality iPSCs. Therefore, various cell types have been studied for their ability to generate iPSCs efficiently. Cell sources that can be easily reverted to a pluripotent state are tissue-restricted stem cells present in the fetus and adult tissues. Tissue-restricted stem cells can be isolated from fetal, cord blood, bone marrow, and other adult tissues or can be obtained by differentiation of embryonic stem cells or trans-differentiation of other tissue-restricted stem cells. Since these cells are undifferentiated cells with self-renewal potential, they are much easier to reprogram due to the inherent characteristic of having an endogenous expression of few pluripotency-inducing factors. This review presents an overview of promising tissue-restricted stem cells that can be isolated from different sources, namely, neural stem cells, hematopoietic stem cells, mesenchymal stem cells, limbal epithelial stem cells, and spermatogonial stem cells, and their reprogramming efficacy. This insight will pave the way for developing safe and efficient reprogramming strategies and generating patient-specific iPSCs from tissue-restricted stem cells derived from various fetal and adult tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pradeep Kumar Sundaravadivelu
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Khyati Raina
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Madhuri Thool
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India.,Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Changsari, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Arnab Ray
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Jahnavy Madhukar Joshi
- Central Research Laboratory, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - Vishwas Kaveeshwar
- Central Research Laboratory, SDM College of Medical Sciences and Hospital, Shri Dharmasthala Manjunatheshwara University, Dharwad, Karnataka, India
| | - S Sudhagar
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Guwahati, Changsari, Guwahati, Assam, India
| | - Nibedita Lenka
- National Centre for Cell Science, S. P. Pune University Campus, Ganeshkhind, Pune, Maharashtra, India.
| | - Rajkumar P Thummer
- Laboratory for Stem Cell Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati, Assam, India.
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13
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Lee DDH, Cardinale D, Nigro E, Butler CR, Rutman A, Fassad MR, Hirst RA, Moulding D, Agrotis A, Forsythe E, Peckham D, Robson E, Smith CM, Somavarapu S, Beales PL, Hart SL, Janes SM, Mitchison HM, Ketteler R, Hynds RE, O'Callaghan C. Higher throughput drug screening for rare respiratory diseases: readthrough therapy in primary ciliary dyskinesia. Eur Respir J 2021; 58:13993003.00455-2020. [PMID: 33795320 PMCID: PMC8514977 DOI: 10.1183/13993003.00455-2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Development of therapeutic approaches for rare respiratory diseases is hampered by the lack of systems that allow medium-to-high-throughput screening of fully differentiated respiratory epithelium from affected patients. This is a particular problem for primary ciliary dyskinesia (PCD), a rare genetic disease caused by mutations in genes that adversely affect ciliary movement and consequently mucociliary transport. Primary cell culture of basal epithelial cells from nasal brush biopsies followed by ciliated differentiation at the air-liquid interface (ALI) has proven to be a useful tool in PCD diagnostics but the technique's broader utility, including in pre-clinical PCD research, has been restricted by the limited number of basal cells that can be expanded from such biopsies. METHODS We describe an immunofluorescence screening method, enabled by extensive expansion of basal cells from PCD patients and the directed differentiation of these cells into ciliated epithelium in miniaturised 96-well transwell format ALI cultures. As proof-of-principle, we performed a personalised investigation in a patient with a rare and severe form of PCD (reduced generation of motile cilia), in this case caused by a homozygous nonsense mutation in the MCIDAS gene. RESULTS Initial analyses of ciliary ultrastructure, beat pattern and beat frequency in the 96-well transwell format ALI cultures indicate that a range of different PCD defects can be retained in these cultures. The screening system in our proof-of-principal investigation allowed drugs that induce translational readthrough to be evaluated alone or in combination with nonsense-mediated decay inhibitors. We observed restoration of basal body formation but not the generation of cilia in the patient's nasal epithelial cells in vitro. CONCLUSION: Our study provides a platform for higher throughput analyses of airway epithelia that is applicable in a range of settings and suggests novel avenues for drug evaluation and development in PCD caused by nonsense mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dani Do Hyang Lee
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- D.D.H. Lee and D. Cardinale contributed equally
| | - Daniela Cardinale
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- D.D.H. Lee and D. Cardinale contributed equally
| | - Ersilia Nigro
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Colin R Butler
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Andrew Rutman
- Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research, Dept of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Mahmoud R Fassad
- Ciliary Disease Section, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Research and Teaching Dept, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Dept of Human Genetics, Medical Research Institute, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Robert A Hirst
- Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research, Dept of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
| | - Dale Moulding
- Developmental Biology and Cancer, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Alexander Agrotis
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Elisabeth Forsythe
- Ciliary Disease Section, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Research and Teaching Dept, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Daniel Peckham
- Leeds Institute for Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Evie Robson
- Leeds Institute for Medical Research, University of Leeds, Leeds, UK
| | - Claire M Smith
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | | | - Philip L Beales
- Ciliary Disease Section, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Research and Teaching Dept, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Stephen L Hart
- Ciliary Disease Section, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Research and Teaching Dept, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Sam M Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Hannah M Mitchison
- Ciliary Disease Section, Genetics and Genomic Medicine Research and Teaching Dept, UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
| | - Robin Ketteler
- MRC Laboratory for Molecular Cell Biology, University College London, London, UK
| | - Robert E Hynds
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
- R.E. Hynds and C. O'Callaghan contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
| | - Christopher O'Callaghan
- UCL Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, London, UK
- Centre for PCD Diagnosis and Research, Dept of Respiratory Sciences, University of Leicester, Leicester, UK
- R.E. Hynds and C. O'Callaghan contributed equally to this article as lead authors and supervised the work
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14
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Goals and Challenges of Stem Cell-Based Therapy for Corneal Blindness Due to Limbal Deficiency. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13091483. [PMID: 34575560 PMCID: PMC8466237 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13091483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Corneal failure is a highly prevalent cause of blindness. One special cause of corneal failure occurs due to malfunction or destruction of the limbal stem cell niche, upon which the superficial cornea depends for homeostatic maintenance and wound healing. Failure of the limbal niche is referred to as limbal stem cell deficiency. As the corneal epithelial stem cell niche is easily accessible, limbal stem cell-based therapy and regenerative medicine applied to the ocular surface are among the most highly advanced forms of this novel approach to disease therapy. However, the challenges are still great, including the development of cell-based products and understanding how they work in the patient's eye. Advances are being made at the molecular, cellular, and tissue levels to alter disease processes and to reduce or eliminate blindness. Efforts must be coordinated from the most basic research to the most clinically oriented projects so that cell-based therapies can become an integrated part of the therapeutic armamentarium to fight corneal blindness. We undoubtedly are progressing along the right path because cell-based therapy for eye diseases is one of the most successful examples of global regenerative medicine.
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15
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Orr JC, Hynds RE. Stem Cell-derived Respiratory Epithelial Cell Cultures as Human Disease Models. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:657-668. [PMID: 33428856 PMCID: PMC8456877 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0440tr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Advances in stem cell biology and the understanding of factors that determine lung stem cell self-renewal have enabled long-term in vitro culture of human lung cells derived from airway basal and alveolar type II cells. Improved capability to expand and study primary cells long term, including in clonal cultures that are recently derived from a single cell, will allow experiments that address fundamental questions about lung homeostasis and repair, as well as translational questions in asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis, and lung cancer research. Here, we provide a brief history of postnatal lung epithelial cell culture and describe recent methodological advances. We further discuss the applications of primary cultures in defining "normal" epithelium, in modeling lung disease, and in future cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica C Orr
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, Division of Medicine, and
| | - Robert E Hynds
- UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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16
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Duy Nguyen BT, Nguyen Thi HY, Nguyen Thi BP, Kang DK, Kim JF. The Roles of Membrane Technology in Artificial Organs: Current Challenges and Perspectives. MEMBRANES 2021; 11:239. [PMID: 33800659 PMCID: PMC8065507 DOI: 10.3390/membranes11040239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The recent outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020 reasserted the necessity of artificial lung membrane technology to treat patients with acute lung failure. In addition, the aging world population inevitably leads to higher demand for better artificial organ (AO) devices. Membrane technology is the central component in many of the AO devices including lung, kidney, liver and pancreas. Although AO technology has improved significantly in the past few decades, the quality of life of organ failure patients is still poor and the technology must be improved further. Most of the current AO literature focuses on the treatment and the clinical use of AO, while the research on the membrane development aspect of AO is relatively scarce. One of the speculated reasons is the wide interdisciplinary spectrum of AO technology, ranging from biotechnology to polymer chemistry and process engineering. In this review, in order to facilitate the membrane aspects of the AO research, the roles of membrane technology in the AO devices, along with the current challenges, are summarized. This review shows that there is a clear need for better membranes in terms of biocompatibility, permselectivity, module design, and process configuration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao Tran Duy Nguyen
- Department of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (B.T.D.N.); (H.Y.N.T.); (B.P.N.T.)
| | - Hai Yen Nguyen Thi
- Department of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (B.T.D.N.); (H.Y.N.T.); (B.P.N.T.)
| | - Bich Phuong Nguyen Thi
- Department of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (B.T.D.N.); (H.Y.N.T.); (B.P.N.T.)
| | - Dong-Ku Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
| | - Jeong F. Kim
- Department of Energy and Chemical Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea; (B.T.D.N.); (H.Y.N.T.); (B.P.N.T.)
- Innovation Center for Chemical Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon 22012, Korea
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17
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Polisetti N, Schmid A, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Maier P, Lang SJ, Steinberg T, Schlunck G, Reinhard T. A decellularized human corneal scaffold for anterior corneal surface reconstruction. Sci Rep 2021; 11:2992. [PMID: 33542377 PMCID: PMC7862698 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-82678-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Allogenic transplants of the cornea are prone to rejection, especially in repetitive transplantation and in scarred or highly vascularized recipient sites. Patients with these ailments would particularly benefit from the possibility to use non-immunogenic decellularized tissue scaffolds for transplantation, which may be repopulated by host cells in situ or in vitro. So, the aim of this study was to develop a fast and efficient decellularization method for creating a human corneal extracellular matrix scaffold suitable for repopulation with human cells from the corneal limbus. To decellularize human donor corneas, sodium deoxycholate, deoxyribonuclease I, and dextran were assessed to remove cells and nuclei and to control tissue swelling, respectively. We evaluated the decellularization effects on the ultrastructure, optical, mechanical, and biological properties of the human cornea. Scaffold recellularization was studied using primary human limbal epithelial cells, stromal cells, and melanocytes in vitro and a lamellar transplantation approach ex vivo. Our data strongly suggest that this approach allowed the effective removal of cellular and nuclear material in a very short period of time while preserving extracellular matrix proteins, glycosaminoglycans, tissue structure, and optical transmission properties. In vitro recellularization demonstrated good biocompatibility of the decellularized human cornea and ex vivo transplantation revealed complete epithelialization and stromal repopulation from the host tissue. Thus, the generated decellularized human corneal scaffold could be a promising biological material for anterior corneal reconstruction in the treatment of corneal defects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Polisetti
- Eye Center, Medical Center - Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Anke Schmid
- Eye Center, Medical Center - Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ursula Schlötzer-Schrehardt
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Schwabachanlage 6, 91054, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Philip Maier
- Eye Center, Medical Center - Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefan J Lang
- Eye Center, Medical Center - Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thorsten Steinberg
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Periodontology, Division of Oral Biotechnology, University of Freiburg, Hugstetter Strasse 55, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Günther Schlunck
- Eye Center, Medical Center - Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5, 79106, Freiburg, Germany.
| | - Thomas Reinhard
- Eye Center, Medical Center - Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Killianstrasse 5, 79106, Freiburg, Germany
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18
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A new standardized immunofluorescence method for potency quantification (SMPQ) of human conjunctival cell cultures. Cell Tissue Bank 2020; 22:145-159. [PMID: 33051810 DOI: 10.1007/s10561-020-09874-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 10/04/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to set up a standardized and reproducible method to determine the potency (= stem cell content) of human conjunctival cell cultures by means of immunofluorescence-based analyses. This will help the development of new Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products (ATMPs) to use in future cell therapy clinical studies when fewer cells are available to perform the quality controls. To achieve this purpose, a reference standard was investigated and the expression levels of ΔNp63α (considered as a marker of conjunctival stem cells) was correlated to cell size. The limbal hTERT cells were used as reference standard to define the expression value of ΔNp63α. The mean intensity value of limbal hTERT cells ranging between 15 and 20 µm in diameter was used to distinguish between ΔNp63α bright and not bright cells. As ΔNp63α bright expression was mainly seen in the smaller cell size group (10-15 µm), we defined as conjunctival stem cells (= potency) those cells which were bright and with sizes between 10 and 15 µm. Assays on cells from clonal analyses were used to validate the method, as they do allow to observe a decrease in potency (Holoclones > Meroclones > Paraclones). The stem cell content of conjunctival grafts was found to be 11.3% ± 5.0 compared to 21.9% ± 0.6, 9.0% ± 8.1 and 0% from Holoclones, Meroclones and Paraclones, respectively. This new method, here named as Standardized Method for Potency Quantification, will allow to detect the potency in conjunctival cell cultures, thus obtaining a quality control assay responding to the GMP standards required for ATMP release.
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19
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Polisetti N, Schlunck G, Reinhard T, Kruse FE, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U. Isolation and ex vivo Expansion of Human Limbal Epithelial Progenitor Cells. Bio Protoc 2020; 10:e3754. [PMID: 33659413 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3754] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Limbal stem cell transplantation has been used successfully to treat patients with limbal stem cell deficiency all over the world. However, long term clinical results often proved less satisfactory due to the low quality of the graft or inadequate properties of transplanted cells. To enhance the ex vivo expansion of human limbal epithelial stem or progenitor cells (LEPC) by preserving stem cell phenotype and to improve subsequent transplantation efficiency, cell-matrix interactions ex vivo should mimic the condition in vivo. The laminin isoforms preferentially expressed in the limbal niche can be used as a culture matrix for epithelial tissue engineering. We recently published the expansion of LEPC on various laminin isoforms and observed that laminin alpha 5-derived matrices support the efficient expansion of LEPC compared to tissue culture plates and other laminin isoforms by preserving stem/progenitor cell phenotype. Here, we describe an optimized protocol for the isolation of LEPC from cadaveric corneal limbal tissue by collagenase digestion and efficient expansion of LEPC using recombinant human laminin-511 E8 fragment (LN-511E8) as culture substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Polisetti
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Günther Schlunck
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas Reinhard
- Eye Center, Medical Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Friedrich E Kruse
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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20
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Beeken LJ, Ting DSJ, Sidney LE. Potential of mesenchymal stem cells as topical immunomodulatory cell therapies for ocular surface inflammatory disorders. Stem Cells Transl Med 2020; 10:39-49. [PMID: 32896982 PMCID: PMC7780815 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2020] [Revised: 07/10/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocular surface inflammatory disorders (OSIDs) are a group of highly prevalent, heterogeneous diseases that display a variety of aetiologies and symptoms and are risk factors for serious complications, including ocular and cornea impairment. Corneal inflammation is a common factor of all OSIDs, regardless of their cause or symptoms. Current medications include over‐the‐counter lubricating eye drops, corticosteroids, and ciclosporin, which either do not treat the corneal inflammation or have been associated with multiple side effects leading to alternative treatments being sought. Regenerative medicine cell therapies, particularly mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), have shown great promise for immunosuppression and disease amelioration across multiple tissues, including the cornea. However, for successful development and clinical translation of MSC therapy for OSIDs, significant problems must be addressed. This review aims to highlight considerations, including whether the source of MSC isolation impacts the efficacy and safety of the therapy, in addition to assessing the feasibility of MSC topical application to the cornea and ocular surface through analysis of potential scaffolds and cell carriers for application to the eye. The literature contains limited data assessing MSCs incorporated into scaffolds for corneal administration, thus here we highlight the necessity of further investigations to truly exploit the potential of an MSC‐based cell therapy for the treatment of OSIDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lydia J Beeken
- Academic Ophthalmology, Division of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre Campus, Nottingham, UK
| | - Darren S J Ting
- Academic Ophthalmology, Division of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre Campus, Nottingham, UK
| | - Laura E Sidney
- Academic Ophthalmology, Division of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Nottingham, Queens Medical Centre Campus, Nottingham, UK
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21
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Wang F, Song Q, Du L, Wu X. Development and Characterization of an Acellular Porcine Small Intestine Submucosa Scaffold for Use in Corneal Epithelium Tissue Engineering. Curr Eye Res 2020; 45:134-143. [PMID: 31514545 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2019.1663386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/26/2019] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: To produce an acellular small intestine submucosa (SIS) that would be a suitable scaffold for corneal epithelium tissue engineering.Methods: The SIS was decellularized by immersion in 0.1% (wt/vol) sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS). The efficacy of acellularization was confirmed by histological observation and DNA quantification. The mechanical properties were evaluated by uniaxial tensile testing. ELISA was performed to assess the growth factor contents. The cytotoxicity of SIS scaffolds and extracts to rabbit corneal epithelial cells was determined by CCK-8 assay. We also investigated the inflammatory reaction of SIS implanted subcutaneously in a rat. The biocompatibility was studied by rabbit interlamellar corneal transplantation and reseeding assay with cornea-derived cells. Immunofluorescent staining was used to detect the expression of CK3, ZO-1 and K13.Results: Histological analyses showed that complete cell removal was achieved, and the DNA quantity, which reflects the presence of cellular materials, was significantly diminished in acellular SIS. Collagen fibers were properly preserved and appeared in an orderly fashion. The tissue structure, the mechanical properties and the growth factor contents within the acellular SIS were well retained. The CCK8 assay demonstrated that the acellular SIS scaffolds and extracts had no cytotoxicity to rabbit corneal epithelial cells. There was no sign that an immune reaction occurred with acellular SIS implanted subcutaneously in a rat. In fact, in vivo implantation to rabbit interlamellar stromal pockets showed good biocompatibility. We also observed that clusters of rabbit corneal epithelial cells were growing well on the surface of the SIS in vitro and the distinctive CK3, ZO-1 for corneal epithelial cells was detected.Conclusions: The decellularized SIS retained the major structural components. The matrix is biocompatible with cornea-derived cells and might be a suitable scaffold for corneal epithelium tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fuyan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
- The Key Laboratory of Cardiovascular Remodeling and Function Research, Chinese Ministry of Education and Chinese Ministry of Health, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Qi Song
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Liqun Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xinyi Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong, People's Republic of China
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Ray Chaudhuri B, Bhaduri A, Sengupta M. The ocular surface after simple limbal epithelial transplant (SLET): A high-resolution OCT study of the early postoperative period. Indian J Ophthalmol 2019; 67:1348-1350. [PMID: 31332139 PMCID: PMC6677049 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_1722_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Simple limbal epithelial transplantation (SLET) is an emerging technique for treating unilateral limbal stem cell deficiency. We report the high-resolution, anterior segment optical coherence tomography (OCT) features of the first 2 weeks of a patient undergoing SLET for an old acid injury of the right eye, repeatedly from postoperative day 1 through day 14. Three out of 11 explants with the subjacent human amniotic membrane (hAM) and the overlaid bandage contact lens were imaged. The hAM was intact and of the same thickness throughout the study period; the sub-hAM space increased from day 3 to 9 and disappeared by day 10; the explants started thinning from day 3 with the fibrin around them starting to decrease from day 2 and completely disappeared by day 4. Epithelialization occurred between day 8 and 14 and proceeded more rapidly towards the limbus than centrally. There was no change of the corneal stromal thickness or reflectivity. This case report uses high-definition, spectral-domain OCT to document the events on the ocular surface after a successful SLET surgery and opens up an avenue to study epithelialization in a convenient and noninvasive manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhaskar Ray Chaudhuri
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Calcutta Medical Research Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Anirban Bhaduri
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Calcutta Medical Research Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
| | - Manikuntala Sengupta
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Calcutta Medical Research Institute, Kolkata, West Bengal, India
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Decellularized Human Stromal Lenticules Combine with Corneal Epithelial-Like Cells: A New Resource for Corneal Tissue Engineering. Stem Cells Int 2019; 2019:4252514. [PMID: 31885607 PMCID: PMC6925757 DOI: 10.1155/2019/4252514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The lack of donor corneal tissue or the immunological rejection remains a challenge for individuals with limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) who are treated with keratoplasty. Numerous lenticules which were extracted by small incision lenticule extraction (SMILE) appear to be useful materials for keratoplasty. In order to reduce the incidence of allograft rejection, lenticules would be decellularized. Lenticules which were treated with liquid nitrogen and nucleases had no cellular and nuclear materials remained. Human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) can be generated from the patient who requires keratoplasty, offering an autologous alternative and eliminating the risk of graft rejection. We found that BMP-4, RA, N-2 supplement, hEGF, B27, decellularized human stromal lenticules, conditioned medium, or induction medium promoted the differentiation of human iPSCs with high purity. The results showed that human iPSCs cultured for 4 days in differentiation medium A, 14 days in condition medium, and 1 week in induction medium on decellularized human stromal lenticules developed markedly higher expression of the markers P63, CK3, and CK12 than did those in the other methods. The level of gene expression of the epithelial and pluripotency markers and analysis by scanning electron microscopy and immunohistochemistry also showed successful differentiation. After inducing differentiation in vitro, corneal epithelial-like cells were induced. In the study, we investigated the possibility of a new resource for corneal tissue engineering.
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Zhu J, Wang LY, Li CY, Wu JY, Zhang YT, Pang KP, Wei Y, Du LQ, Liu M, Wu XY. SPARC promotes self-renewal of limbal epithelial stem cells and ocular surface restoration through JNK and p38-MAPK signaling pathways. Stem Cells 2019; 38:134-145. [PMID: 31644832 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Revised: 08/19/2019] [Accepted: 08/23/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (SPARC) on the maintenance of limbal epithelial stem cell (LESC) stemness and restoration of ocular surface. To determine the suitable concentration of SPARC for LESC culture, the marker expression, mitogenic effect, and holoclone-forming capacity of LESCs treated with different concentrations of SPARC were analyzed. To investigate the mechanism of SPARC's action on the preservation of LESCs stemness, the phosphorylation of related signaling pathways was evaluated by Western blotting. A corneal wound model was established to verify the function of SPARC in ocular surface repair. Consecutive subculturing, colony-forming efficiency, immunofluorescence, and 5-ethynyl-2-deoxyuridine incorporation assays indicated that 1 μg/mL SPARC was a suitable concentration to stimulate LESC proliferation and preserve their proliferative potential. Compared with a control group, 1 μg/mL SPARC effectively increased the expression of ABCG-2, Bmi-1, and Ki67, while decreasing that of CK3/12. The mitogenic effect of SPARC on LESCs was found to be mediated by the phosphorylation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and p38-MAPK signaling pathways, whereas the inhibitors of JNK and p38 MAPK reduced the marker expression and mitogenic capacity of LESCs. In a corneal injury model, SPARC facilitated corneal epithelial wound healing and promoted the proliferation of p63α-positive cells both in the limbus and in the epithelial healing front. SPARC promotes proliferation while suppressing spontaneous differentiation of LESCs through JNK and p38-MAPK signaling pathways, suggesting that SPARC is a promising factor for the improvement of LESCs culture in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Le-Yi Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Chong-Yun Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Jia-Yin Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Ting Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Kun-Peng Pang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wei
- Department of First Operating Room, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Li-Qun Du
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
| | - Xin-Yi Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan, People's Republic of China
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25
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Rolev K, Coussons P, King L, Rajan M. Experimental models of corneal endothelial cell therapy and translational challenges to clinical practice. Exp Eye Res 2019; 188:107794. [PMID: 31518569 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2019.107794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2019] [Revised: 09/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The human corneal endothelium (CE) is a post-mitotic monolayer of endothelial cells, thought to be incapable of in vivo regeneration. Dysfunction of the CE is a commonly cited indication for corneal transplantation, with corneal blindness being the fifth most common cause of blindness globally. In 2012 alone 184,576 corneal transplants were performed in 116 countries (Gain et al., 2016). Presently, outcomes following human corneal transplantation have been reported to have over 97% success rate in restoring the recipient's vision (Patel et al., 2019). However, the continuing demand for cadaveric human corneas has driven research into alternative sources of CE and with the advent of protocols to produce cultured hCECs there is now the potential for cell therapy to regenerate the damaged CE. This review aims to examine the merits and limitations of different types of human and animal models used so far to test the concept of CE cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kostadin Rolev
- Anglia Ruskin University, Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences and the Vision & Eye Research Unit, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB1 1PT, UK; Shenzhen University Xili Campus: No. 1066, Xueyuan Road, Xili Street, Shenzhen, 518000, China.
| | - Peter Coussons
- Anglia Ruskin University, Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences and the Vision & Eye Research Unit, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB1 1PT, UK.
| | - Linda King
- Anglia Ruskin University, Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences and the Vision & Eye Research Unit, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB1 1PT, UK.
| | - Madhavan Rajan
- Anglia Ruskin University, Department of Biomedical and Forensic Sciences and the Vision & Eye Research Unit, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB1 1PT, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, Cambridge University Hospitals, Hills Road, Cambridge, Cambridgeshire, CB2 0QQ, UK; Vision and Eye Research Institute, School of Medicine, Anglia Ruskin University, Cambridge, CB1 1PT, UK.
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26
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Direct 3D bioprinted full-thickness skin constructs recapitulate regulatory signaling pathways and physiology of human skin. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bprint.2019.e00051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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27
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Le-Bel G, Guérin LP, Carrier P, Mouriaux F, Germain L, Guérin SL, Bazin R. Grafting of an autologous tissue-engineered human corneal epithelium to a patient with limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD). Am J Ophthalmol Case Rep 2019; 15:100532. [PMID: 31440691 PMCID: PMC6699139 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajoc.2019.100532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2018] [Revised: 07/30/2019] [Accepted: 07/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose In this study, we evaluated the feasibility of recovering the corneal surface integrity in a patient suffering from unilateral LSCD through the transplantation of cultured autologous corneal epithelial cells. Methods Human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) were isolated from a limbal biopsy of the contralateral eye of a patient with unilateral LSCD and cultured in monolayer in the presence of an irradiated human fibroblasts feeder layer (iHFL). To produce a cultured autologous corneal epithelium (CACE), HCECs were seeded on a fibrin substrate and maintained in culture until confluence. The in vitro obtained CACE was then used to treat the affected eye of the patient. Two years later, a successful penetrating keratoplasty was performed. Results Efficient restoration of the corneal epithelium was achieved following transplantation of CACE indicating probable re-colonization of the cornea by stem cells. Corneal transparency was restored after removing the scarred stroma by performing a penetrating keratoplasty. Conclusion CACE produced in vitro was shown to restore a normal corneal surface capable of sustaining a viable and clear penetrating keratoplasty and reestablished a near normal vision in a unilateral LSCD patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaëtan Le-Bel
- CUO-Recherche, Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, Canada.,Département d'Ophtalmologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Louis-Philippe Guérin
- CUO-Recherche, Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, Canada.,Département d'Ophtalmologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Patrick Carrier
- CUO-Recherche, Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, Canada.,Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Frédéric Mouriaux
- CUO-Recherche, Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, Canada.,Département d'Ophtalmologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,CNRS, UMR 6301 ISTCT, CERVOxy, GIP CYCERON, F-14074, Caen, France.,CHU de Rennes, Service d'Ophtalmologie, F-35033, Cedex 9, France
| | - Lucie Germain
- CUO-Recherche, Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, Canada.,Département d'Ophtalmologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada.,Département de Chirurgie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Sylvain L Guérin
- CUO-Recherche, Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, Canada.,Département d'Ophtalmologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
| | - Richard Bazin
- CUO-Recherche, Médecine Régénératrice, Centre de recherche du CHU de Québec, Université Laval, Québec, Canada.,Centre de Recherche en Organogénèse expérimentale de l'Université Laval/LOEX, Québec, Canada.,Département d'Ophtalmologie, Faculté de médecine, Université Laval, Québec, QC, Canada
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Sceberras V, Attico E, Bianchi E, Galaverni G, Melonari M, Corradini F, Fantacci M, Ribbene A, Losi L, Balò S, Lazzeri M, Trombetta C, Rizzo M, Manfredini R, Barbagli G, Pellegrini G. Preclinical study for treatment of hypospadias by advanced therapy medicinal products. World J Urol 2019; 38:2115-2122. [PMID: 31289843 DOI: 10.1007/s00345-019-02864-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2019] [Accepted: 06/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This paper explores the feasibility of a new therapy for the treatment of hypospadias patients. Hypospadias is a very common congenital malformation of male genitals, with very high rate of recurrences after surgery. The field of regenerative medicine, which offers innovative solutions for many pathologies, still does not offer reliable solution for this pathology. Here, we propose quality, safety, and clinical feasibility assessment for an oral mucosa advanced therapy medicinal product (ATMP) grown on a biocompatible scaffold for a clinical study on urethral reconstruction of hypospadias patients. METHODS Urethral and oral mucosal epithelia from donor biopsies were cultivated between two fibrin layers, under clinical-grade conditions for cell and tissue characterization and comparison, aimed at tissue engineering. In addition, single-clone analyses were performed to analyze gene expression profiles of the two epithelia by microarray technology. RESULTS Oral mucosa appeared suitable for urethral reconstruction. The resulting ATMP was proven to maintain stem cells and regenerative potency. The preclinical safety studies were performed on human tissues to assess abnormalities and tumorigenicity, and confirmed the safety of the ATMP. Finally, the patient selection and the clinical protocol for the upcoming clinical trial were defined. CONCLUSIONS Against this backdrop, in this paper, we are proposing a new reproducible and reliable ATMP for the treatment of hypospadias.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Sceberras
- Holostem Terapie Avanzate, Via Gottardi 100, Modena, Italy
| | - E Attico
- Interdepartmental Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", University of Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Gottardi 100, Modena, Italy
| | - E Bianchi
- Interdepartmental Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", University of Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Gottardi 100, Modena, Italy
| | - G Galaverni
- Interdepartmental Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", University of Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Gottardi 100, Modena, Italy
| | - M Melonari
- Interdepartmental Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", University of Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Gottardi 100, Modena, Italy
| | - F Corradini
- Interdepartmental Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", University of Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Gottardi 100, Modena, Italy
| | - M Fantacci
- Interdepartmental Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", University of Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Gottardi 100, Modena, Italy
| | - A Ribbene
- Interdepartmental Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", University of Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Gottardi 100, Modena, Italy
| | - L Losi
- Interdepartmental Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", University of Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Gottardi 100, Modena, Italy
| | - S Balò
- Centro Chirurgico Toscano, Via dei Lecci 22, Arezzo, Italy
| | - M Lazzeri
- Istituto Clinico Humanitas IRCCS, Clinical and Research Hospital (MI), Rozzano, Italy
| | - C Trombetta
- Department of Urology of Cattinara Hospital, University of Trieste, Strada Fiume 447, Trieste, Italy
| | - M Rizzo
- Department of Urology of Cattinara Hospital, University of Trieste, Strada Fiume 447, Trieste, Italy
| | - R Manfredini
- Interdepartmental Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", University of Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Gottardi 100, Modena, Italy
| | - G Barbagli
- Centro Chirurgico Toscano, Via dei Lecci 22, Arezzo, Italy
| | - G Pellegrini
- Interdepartmental Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", University of Modena e Reggio Emilia, Via Gottardi 100, Modena, Italy. .,Holostem Terapie Avanzate, Via Gottardi 100, Modena, Italy.
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29
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Eder C, Wild C. Technology forecast: advanced therapies in late clinical research, EMA approval or clinical application via hospital exemption. JOURNAL OF MARKET ACCESS & HEALTH POLICY 2019; 7:1600939. [PMID: 31069029 PMCID: PMC6493298 DOI: 10.1080/20016689.2019.1600939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 03/10/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Background: The umbrella term ATMPs (Advanced Therapy Medicinal Products) comprises cell therapies, gene therapeutics and tissue engineered products. After implementation of the Regulation 1394/2007, only a couple of products have obtained a centralized European marketing authorisation. Objectives: The aim of the presented study is to give an overview on ATMPs available within the European Union either via centralized marketing authorisation or via national Hospital exemption. Additionally, a forecast on innovative ATMPs in the process of EMA approval as well as in phase III and IV clinical trial is provided. Methods: Systematic literature search including 'grey literature' and database reviews as well as manual search following pre-defined search terms. Results: 8 ATMPs are currently available via centralized marketing authorisation. 6 new product launches are expected before 2020. At least 32 additional ATMPs are available in individual European Union member states via Hospital exemption. Another 31 potential ATMP candidates could be identified in industry-driven phase III research projects. Conclusion: Advanced therapeutic medicinal therapies are still in their early days, but constantly evolving. By 2020, innovative therapies targeting retinal dystrophy, ß-thalassemia, scleroderma, sickle-cell anaemia, adrenoleukodystrophy and leukaemia shall be available on the market.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Eder
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Health Technology Assessment, Vienna, Austria
| | - Claudia Wild
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Health Technology Assessment, Vienna, Austria
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30
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Limbal Stem Cell Transplantation: Clinical Results, Limits, and Perspectives. Stem Cells Int 2018; 2018:8086269. [PMID: 30405723 PMCID: PMC6201383 DOI: 10.1155/2018/8086269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Revised: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 08/27/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) is a clinical condition characterized by damage of cornea limbal stem cells, which results in an impairment of corneal epithelium turnover and in an invasion of the cornea by the conjunctival epithelium. In these patients, the conjunctivalization of the cornea is associated with visual impairment and cornea transplantation has poor prognosis for recurrence of the conjunctivalization. Current treatments of LSCD are aimed at replacing the damaged corneal stem cells in order to restore a healthy corneal epithelium. The autotransplantation of limbal tissue from the healthy, fellow eye is effective in unilateral LSCD but leads to depauperation of the stem cell reservoir. In the last decades, novel techniques such as cultivated limbal epithelial transplantation (CLET) have been proposed in order to reduce the damage of the healthy fellow eye. Clinical and experimental evidence showed that CLET is effective in inducing long-term regeneration of a healthy corneal epithelium in patients with LSCD with a success rate of 70%–80%. Current limitations for the treatment of LSCD are represented by the lack of a marker able to unequivocally identify limbal stem cells and the treatment of total, bilateral LSCD which requires other sources of stem cells for ocular surface reconstruction.
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Shayan Asl N, Nejat F, Mohammadi P, Nekoukar A, Hesam S, Ebrahimi M, Jadidi K. Amniotic Membrane Extract Eye Drop Promotes Limbal Stem Cell Proliferation and Corneal Epithelium Healing. CELL JOURNAL 2018; 20:459-468. [PMID: 30123991 PMCID: PMC6099140 DOI: 10.22074/cellj.2019.5423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Objective Human amniotic membrane (HAM) is used as a supporter for limbal stem cell (LSC) expansion and corneal
surgery. The aim of study is to use HAM extracts from healthy donors to enhance proliferation of LSCs in vitro and in vivo.
Materials and Methods In this interventional experimental study, the effective and cytotoxic doses of the amniotic membrane
extract eye drops (AMEED) was assessed by adding different concentrations of AMEED (0-2.0 mg/ml) to LSC cultures for
14 days. Subsequently, the expression levels of ATP-binding cassette sub-family G member 2 (ABCG2, a putative stem
cell marker), cytokeratin 3 (K3, corneal maker), K12 and K19 (corneal-conjunctival cell makers) were assessed by real-time
polymerase chain reaction (PCR). In the second step, the corneal epithelium of 10 rabbits was mechanically removed, and
the right eye of each rabbit was treated with 1 mg/ml AMEED [every 2 hours (group 1) or every 6 hours (group 2)]. The
left eyes only received an antibiotic. The corneal healing process, conjunctival infection, degree of eyelid oedema, degree
of photophobia, and discharge scores were evaluated during daily assessments. Finally, corneal tissues were biopsied for
pathologic evidences.
Results In comparison to the positive control [10% foetal bovine serum (FBS)], 0.1-1 mg/ml AMEED induced LSC
proliferation, upregulated ABCG2, and downregulated K3. There were no remarkable differences in the expression
levels of K12 and K19 (P>0.05). Interestingly, in the rabbits treated with AMEED, the epithelium healing duration
decreased from 4 days in the control group to 3 days in the two AMEED groups, with lower mean degrees of eyelid
oedema, chemosis, and infection compared to the control group. No pathologic abnormalities were observed in either
of the AMEED groups.
Conclusion AMEED increases LSCs proliferation ex vivo and accelerates corneal epithelium healing in vivo without any
adverse effects. It could be used as a supplement for LSC expansion in cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Niloufar Shayan Asl
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Farhad Nejat
- Vision Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
| | - Parvaneh Mohammadi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abdolhossein Nekoukar
- Animal Core Facility, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Centre, Royan Institute for Biotechnology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saeed Hesam
- Department of Epidemiology and Reproductive Health, Reproductive Epidemiology Research Centre, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Centre, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran. Electronic Address:
| | - Khosrow Jadidi
- Vision Health Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran. Electronic Address:
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32
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Osei-Bempong C, Ghareeb AE, Lako M, Figueiredo FC, Armitage WJ. Defining the optimal cryoprotectant and concentration for cryopreservation of limbal stem cells. Cryobiology 2018; 84:98-102. [PMID: 30075110 PMCID: PMC6167250 DOI: 10.1016/j.cryobiol.2018.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2018] [Revised: 07/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Limbal stem cell (LSC) deficiency causes progressive loss of vision but may be treated by transplant of autologous LSCs. Cryopreservation has the potential to indefinitely extend the lifespan of LSCs allowing re-transplant in case of graft failure. In this study, we aimed to identify the optimal cryoprotectant and cryoprotectant concentration for LSC cultures. Suspension cultures derived from cadaveric corneoscleral rims were cooled to 4 °C with Me2SO, propylene glycol or ethylene glycol at a concentration of 5%, 10% or 15%. Cell tolerance was measured in terms of membrane integrity, colony-forming efficiency and alamarBlue® reduction. Increasing cryoprotectant concentration above 5% reduced membrane integrity, metabolism and colony-forming efficiency. Cryoprotectant choice did not significantly influence these characteristics. Cells demonstrating Side Population were maintained after cryopreservation with 5% propylene glycol in vapour phase liquid nitrogen for 1 week, indicating that cryopreservation of LSCs with relatively low cryoprotectant concentration (5%) has promise in low-temperature eye banking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles Osei-Bempong
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Ali E Ghareeb
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK.
| | - Majlinda Lako
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK
| | - Francisco C Figueiredo
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University, International Centre for Life, Central Parkway, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE1 3BZ, UK; Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
| | - W John Armitage
- Division of Ophthalmology, University of Bristol, Bristol Eye Hospital, Lower Maudlin Street, Bristol BS1 2LX, UK
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33
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Roux LN, Petit I, Domart R, Concordet JP, Qu J, Zhou H, Joliot A, Ferrigno O, Aberdam D. Modeling of Aniridia-Related Keratopathy by CRISPR/Cas9 Genome Editing of Human Limbal Epithelial Cells and Rescue by Recombinant PAX6 Protein. Stem Cells 2018; 36:1421-1429. [PMID: 29808941 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Heterozygous PAX6 gene mutations leading to haploinsufficiency are the main cause of congenital aniridia, a rare and progressive panocular disease characterized by reduced visual acuity. Up to 90% of patients suffer from aniridia-related keratopathy (ARK), caused by a combination of factors including limbal epithelial stem cell (LSC) deficiency, impaired healing response and abnormal differentiation of the corneal epithelium. It usually begins in the first decade of life, resulting in recurrent corneal erosions, sub-epithelial fibrosis, and corneal opacification. Unfortunately, there are currently no efficient treatments available for these patients and no in vitro model for this pathology. We used CRISPR/Cas9 technology to introduce into the PAX6 gene of LSCs a heterozygous nonsense mutation found in ARK patients. Nine clones carrying a p.E109X mutation on one allele were obtained with no off-target mutations. Compared with the parental LSCs, heterozygous mutant LSCs displayed reduced expression of PAX6 and marked slow-down of cell proliferation, migration and detachment. Moreover, addition to the culture medium of recombinant PAX6 protein fused to a cell penetrating peptide was able to activate the endogenous PAX6 gene and to rescue phenotypic defects of mutant LSCs, suggesting that administration of such recombinant PAX6 protein could be a promising therapeutic approach for aniridia-related keratopathy. More generally, our results demonstrate that introduction of disease mutations into LSCs by CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing allows the creation of relevant cellular models of ocular disease that should greatly facilitate screening of novel therapeutic approaches. Stem Cells 2018;36:1421-1429.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lauriane N Roux
- INSERM U976, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.,Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Petit
- INSERM U976, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.,Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | - Romain Domart
- INSERM U1154, CNRS UMR 7196, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Jean-Paul Concordet
- INSERM U1154, CNRS UMR 7196, Museum National d'Histoire Naturelle, Paris, France
| | - Jieqiong Qu
- Department of Human Developmental biology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Sciences, Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Huiqing Zhou
- Department of Human Developmental biology, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Faculty of Sciences, Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alain Joliot
- Collège de France CNRS/UMR 7241 - INSERM U1050, Paris, France
| | | | - Daniel Aberdam
- INSERM U976, Hôpital Saint-Louis, Paris, France.,Université Paris-Diderot, Sorbonne Paris Cité, Paris, France
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Bobba S, Di Girolamo N, Munsie M, Chen F, Pébay A, Harkin D, Hewitt AW, O'Connor M, McLenachan S, Shadforth AMA, Watson SL. The current state of stem cell therapy for ocular disease. Exp Eye Res 2018; 177:65-75. [PMID: 30029023 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2018] [Revised: 06/16/2018] [Accepted: 07/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Herein, we review the safety, efficacy, regulatory standards and ethical implications of the use of stem cells in ocular disease. A literature review was conducted, registered clinical trials reviewed, and expert opinions sought. Guidelines and codes of conduct from international societies and professional bodies were also reviewed. Collated data is presented on current progress in the field of ocular regenerative medicine, future challenges, the clinical trial process and ethical considerations in stem cell therapy. A greater understanding of the function and location of ocular stem cells has led to rapid advances in possible therapeutic applications. However, in the context of significant technical challenges and potential long-term complications, it is imperative that stem cell practices operate within formal clinical trial frameworks. While there remains broad scope for innovation, ongoing evidence-based review of potential interventions and the development of standardized protocols are necessary to ensure patient safety and best practice in ophthalmic care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Bobba
- Prince of Wales Hospital Clinical School, High Street, Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales, 2031, Australia.
| | - Nick Di Girolamo
- School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Kensington, Sydney, New South Wales, 2052, Australia
| | - Megan Munsie
- Centre for Stem Cell Systems, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia
| | - Fred Chen
- Lions Eye Institute, 2 Verdun Street, Nedlands, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Alice Pébay
- Centre for Stem Cell Systems, School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, 3010, Australia; Centre for Eye Research Australia, Level 7/32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002, Australia
| | - Damien Harkin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| | - Alex W Hewitt
- Centre for Eye Research Australia, Level 7/32 Gisborne Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Tasmania, Churchill Avenue, Hobart, Tasmania, 7005, Australia
| | - Michael O'Connor
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Victoria Road Parramatta, New South Wales, Parramatta, 2150, Australia
| | - Samuel McLenachan
- Centre for Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Western Australia, 35 Stirling Highway, Crawley, Western Australia, 6009, Australia
| | - Audra M A Shadforth
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Queensland University of Technology, 2 George Street, Brisbane, Queensland, 4000, Australia
| | - Stephanie L Watson
- Prince of Wales Hospital Clinical School, High Street, Randwick, Sydney, New South Wales, 2031, Australia; Save Sight Institute, University of Sydney, 8 Macquarie Street, Sydney, New South Wales, 2000, Australia; Sydney Eye Hospital, 8 Macquarie Street, Sydney, New South Wales, 2000, Australia.
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35
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Brejchova K, Trosan P, Studeny P, Skalicka P, Utheim TP, Bednar J, Jirsova K. Characterization and comparison of human limbal explant cultures grown under defined and xeno-free conditions. Exp Eye Res 2018; 176:20-28. [PMID: 29928900 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2018.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/16/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Human limbal epithelial cells (LECs) intended for treatment of limbal stem cell deficiency are commonly cultivated on a 3T3 feeder layer with complex culture medium supplemented with fetal bovine serum (FBS). However, FBS is a xenogeneic component containing poorly characterised constituents and exhibits quantitative and qualitative lot-to-lot variations. Human limbal explants were plated on untreated or fibrin coated plastic plates and cultured in two non-xenogeneic media (supplemented with either human serum or platelet lysate only). Our aim was to find out whether the characteristics of harvested LEC cultures are comparable to those of LEC cultivated in the gold standard - FBS-supplemented complex medium. The growth kinetics, cell proliferation, differentiation, stemness maintenance, apoptosis and contamination by other cell types were evaluated and compared among these conditions. In all of them LECs were successfully cultivated. Stemness was preserved in both xeno-free media. However, cells cultured with human serum on the fibrin-coated plates had the highest growth rate and cell proliferation and very low fibroblast-like cell contamination. These data suggest that xeno-free cell culture conditions can replace the traditional FBS-supplemented medium and thereby provide a safer protocol for ex vivo cultured limbal stem cell transplants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristyna Brejchova
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Clinic of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 2, 128 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Laboratory of the Biology and Pathology of the Eye, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Albertov 4, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic.
| | - Peter Trosan
- Laboratory of the Biology and Pathology of the Eye, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Albertov 4, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Studeny
- Ophthalmology Department of 3rd Medical Faculty and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Šrobárova 1150/50, 100 34 Prague 10, Czech Republic
| | - Pavlina Skalicka
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Clinic of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Ke Karlovu 2, 128 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Department of Ophthalmology, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, U nemocnice 499/2, 128 08 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Tor Paaske Utheim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Kirkeveien 166, 0407 Oslo, Norway; Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Kirkeveien 166, 0407 Oslo, Norway
| | - Jan Bednar
- Laboratory of the Biology and Pathology of the Eye, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Albertov 4, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Jirsova
- Laboratory of the Biology and Pathology of the Eye, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Albertov 4, 128 00 Prague 2, Czech Republic; Ophthalmology Department of 3rd Medical Faculty and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Šrobárova 1150/50, 100 34 Prague 10, Czech Republic
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36
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Kim SG, Malek M, Sigurdsson A, Lin LM, Kahler B. Regenerative endodontics: a comprehensive review. Int Endod J 2018; 51:1367-1388. [PMID: 29777616 DOI: 10.1111/iej.12954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 197] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The European Society of Endodontology and the American Association for Endodontists have released position statements and clinical considerations for regenerative endodontics. There is increasing literature on this field since the initial reports of Iwaya et al. (Dental Traumatology, 17, 2001, 185) and Banchs & Trope (Journal of Endodontics, 30, 2004, 196). Endogenous stem cells from an induced periapical bleeding and scaffolds using blood clot, platelet rich plasma or platelet-rich fibrin have been utilized in regenerative endodontics. This approach has been described as a 'paradigm shift' and considered the first treatment option for immature teeth with pulp necrosis. There are three treatment outcomes of regenerative endodontics; (i) resolution of clinical signs and symptoms; (ii) further root maturation; and (iii) return of neurogenesis. It is known that results are variable for these objectives, and true regeneration of the pulp/dentine complex is not achieved. Repair derived primarily from the periodontal and osseous tissues has been shown histologically. It is hoped that with the concept of tissue engineering, namely stem cells, scaffolds and signalling molecules, that true pulp regeneration is an achievable goal. This review discusses current knowledge as well as future directions for regenerative endodontics. Patient-centred outcomes such as tooth discolouration and possibly more appointments with the potential for adverse effects needs to be discussed with patients and parents. Based on the classification of Cvek (Endodontics and Dental Traumatology, 8, 1992, 45), it is proposed that regenerative endodontics should be considered for teeth with incomplete root formation although teeth with near or complete root formation may be more suited for conventional endodontic therapy or MTA barrier techniques. However, much is still not known about clinical and biological aspects of regenerative endodontics.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Kim
- Division of Endodontics, Columbia University College of Dental Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - M Malek
- Department of Endodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - A Sigurdsson
- Department of Endodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - L M Lin
- Department of Endodontics, New York University College of Dentistry, New York, NY, USA
| | - B Kahler
- The University of Queensland School of Dentistry, Brisbane, Australia
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Figueiredo GS, Salvador-Culla B, Baylis OJ, Mudhar HS, Lako M, Figueiredo FC. Outcomes of Penetrating Keratoplasty Following Autologous Cultivated Limbal Epithelial Stem Cell Transplantation. Stem Cells 2018; 36:925-931. [DOI: 10.1002/stem.2803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2017] [Revised: 12/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/05/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gustavo S. Figueiredo
- Department of Ophthalmology; Royal Victoria Infirmary; Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom
| | - Borja Salvador-Culla
- Department of Ophthalmology; Royal Victoria Infirmary; Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom
| | - Oliver J. Baylis
- Department of Ophthalmology; Royal Victoria Infirmary; Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom
| | - Hardeep S. Mudhar
- Department of Histopathology; Royal Hallamshire Hospital; Sheffield United Kingdom
| | - Majlinda Lako
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom
| | - Francisco C. Figueiredo
- Department of Ophthalmology; Royal Victoria Infirmary; Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom
- Institute of Genetic Medicine, Newcastle University; Newcastle upon Tyne United Kingdom
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Hynds RE, Bonfanti P, Janes SM. Regenerating human epithelia with cultured stem cells: feeder cells, organoids and beyond. EMBO Mol Med 2018; 10:139-150. [PMID: 29288165 PMCID: PMC5801505 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201708213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Revised: 09/26/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
More than 40 years ago, Howard Green's laboratory developed a method for long-term expansion of primary human epidermal keratinocytes by co-culture with 3T3 mouse embryonic fibroblasts. This was a breakthrough for in vitro cultivation of cells from human skin and later for other epithelia: it led to the first stem cell therapy using cultured cells and has vastly increased our understanding of epithelial stem cell biology. In recent years, new methods to expand epithelial cells as three-dimensional organoids have provided novel means to investigate the functions of these cells in health and disease. Here, we outline the history of stratified epithelial stem cell culture and the application of cultured epithelial cells in clinical therapies. We further discuss the derivation of organoids from other types of epithelia and the challenges that remain for the translation of novel stem cell therapies toward clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert E Hynds
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
- CRUK Lung Cancer Centre of Excellence, UCL Cancer Institute, University College London, London, UK
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - Paola Bonfanti
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, UK
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK
| | - Sam M Janes
- Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, UK
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39
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Comparison of culture media indicates a role for autologous serum in enhancing phenotypic preservation of rabbit limbal stem cells in explant culture. Cytotechnology 2017; 70:687-700. [PMID: 29204944 DOI: 10.1007/s10616-017-0171-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 11/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, we aimed to compare the effects of six different cell culture media and autologous serum (AS) on the phenotypic characteristics of rabbit limbal epithelial stem cells (LESC) cultivated on porous polyethylene terephthalate (PET) membranes. Limbal explants from rabbit corneas were grown on PET membrane inserts in five different media: DMEM-F12 with fetal bovine serum (FBS) (DMEM-F12-FBS), with pluripotin (DMEM-F12-pluripotin) and with autologous serum (DMEM-F12-AS), Epilife, Keratinocyte Serum Free Medium (KSFM) and Defined-Keratinocyte Serum Free Medium. The effects of different media were evaluated by total cell yield from explants, measuring the expression of proteins by immunofluorescence and gene expression by Real Time PCR. In all five media tested, most of the limbal epithelial cells (LEC) which proliferated from explants were positive for cytokeratin (CK) 14 (85-90%), indicating that all five media support the growth of LESC from explants. The expression of differentiation markers; CK 3 and 12 was highest in DMEM-F12-FBS (56%), was lower in Epilife and KSFM (26 and 19%, respectively), with the lowest values (13%) obtained in DMEM-F12-AS. Gene expression of limbal cultures on PET membrane inserts was compared to fresh limbal tissue. In DMEM-F12-FBS, DMEM-F12-pluripotin, and DMEM-F12-AS, expression of potential LESC markers CXCR4 and polycomb complex protein BMI-1 were similar to limbal tissue. DMEM-F12 with 10% AS maintained a higher percentage of potential stem cell marker genes and lower expression of genes involved in differentiation compared to Epilife or KSFM. Our study shows that rabbit LEC can be cultivated on PET inserts using DMEM-F12 with autologous serum without a requirement for amniotic membrane or feeder cells.
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Scionti G, Rodriguez-Arco L, Lopez-Lopez MT, Medina-Castillo AL, Garzón I, Alaminos M, Toledano M, Osorio R. Effect of functionalized PHEMA micro- and nano-particles on the viscoelastic properties of fibrin-agarose biomaterials. J Biomed Mater Res A 2017; 106:738-745. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 09/25/2017] [Accepted: 10/16/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Scionti
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology; Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11; Granada 18016 Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs GRANADA; Granada Spain
- Biomaterials, Biomechanics and Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Materials Science and Metallurgical Engineering; Technical University of Catalonia (UPC), EEBE, Carrer d'Eduard Maristany 10-14; Barcelona 08930 Spain
| | - Laura Rodriguez-Arco
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs GRANADA; Granada Spain
- Department of Applied Physics; Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva; Granada 18071 Spain
| | - Modesto T. Lopez-Lopez
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs GRANADA; Granada Spain
- Department of Applied Physics; Faculty of Science, University of Granada, Campus de Fuentenueva; Granada 18071 Spain
| | - Antonio L. Medina-Castillo
- NanoMyP, Spin-Off Enterprise from University of Granada, Edificio BIC-Granada, Avenida de la Innovación 1; Armilla Granada 18016 Spain
| | - Ingrid Garzón
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology; Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11; Granada 18016 Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs GRANADA; Granada Spain
| | - Miguel Alaminos
- Tissue Engineering Group, Department of Histology; Faculty of Medicine, University of Granada, Avenida de la Investigación 11; Granada 18016 Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs GRANADA; Granada Spain
| | - Manuel Toledano
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs GRANADA; Granada Spain
- Dental School; University of Granada, Colegio Máximo, Campus de Cartuja s/n; Granada 18017 Spain
| | - Raquel Osorio
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria ibs GRANADA; Granada Spain
- Dental School; University of Granada, Colegio Máximo, Campus de Cartuja s/n; Granada 18017 Spain
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Umbilical cord stem cells in the treatment of corneal disease. Surv Ophthalmol 2017; 62:803-815. [DOI: 10.1016/j.survophthal.2017.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Pluripotent Stem Cells and Other Innovative Strategies for the Treatment of Ocular Surface Diseases. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2017; 12:171-8. [PMID: 26779895 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-016-9643-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The cornea provides two thirds of the refractive power of the eye and protection against insults such as infection and injury. The outermost tissue of the cornea is renewed by stem cells located in the limbus. Depletion or destruction of these stem cells may lead to blinding limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) that concerns millions of patients around the world. Innovative strategies based on adult stem cell therapies have been developed in the recent years but they are still facing numerous unresolved issues, and the long term results can be deceiving. Today there is a clear need to improve these therapies, and/or to develop new approaches for the treatment of LSCD. Here, we review the current cell-based therapies used for the treatment of ocular diseases, and discuss the potential of pluripotent stem cells (embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells) in corneal repair. As the secretion of paracrine factors is known to have a crucial role in maintaining stem cell homeostasis and in wound repair, we also consider the therapeutic potential of a promising novel pathway, the exosomes. Exosomes are nano-sized vesicles that have the ability to transfer RNAs and proteins to recipient cells, and several studies demonstrated their role in cell protection and wound healing. Exosomes could circumvent the hurdles of stem-cell based approaches, and they could become a strong candidate as an alternative therapy for ocular surface diseases.
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43
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Prospective Clinical Trial of Corneal Reconstruction With Biomaterial-Free Cultured Oral Mucosal Epithelial Cell Sheets. Cornea 2017; 37:76-83. [DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000001409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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44
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Laminin-511 and -521-based matrices for efficient ex vivo-expansion of human limbal epithelial progenitor cells. Sci Rep 2017; 7:5152. [PMID: 28698551 PMCID: PMC5506065 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-04916-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 05/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Optimization of culture conditions for human limbal epithelial stem/progenitor cells (LEPC) that incorporate the in vivo cell-matrix interactions are essential to enhance LEPC ex vivo-expansion and transplantation efficiency. Here, we investigate the efficacy of laminin (LN) isoforms preferentially expressed in the limbal niche as culture matrices for epithelial tissue engineering. Analyses of expression patterns of LN chains in the human limbal niche provided evidence for enrichment of LN-α2, -α3, -α5, -β1, -β2, -β3, -γ1, -γ2 and -γ3 chains in the limbal basement membrane, with LN-α5 representing a signature component specifically produced by epithelial progenitor cells. Recombinant human LN-521 and LN-511 significantly enhanced in vitro LEPC adhesion, migration and proliferation compared to other isoforms, and maintained phenotype stability. The bioactive LN-511-E8 fragment carrying only C-terminal domains showed similar efficacy as full-length LN-511. Functional blocking of α3β1 and α6β1 integrins suppressed adhesion of LEPC to LN-511/521-coated surfaces. Cultivation of LEPC on fibrin-based hydrogels incorporating LN-511-E8 resulted in firm integrin-mediated adhesion to the scaffold and well-stratified epithelial constructs, with maintenance of a progenitor cell phenotype in their (supra)basal layers. Thus, the incorporation of chemically defined LN-511-E8 into biosynthetic scaffolds represents a promising approach for xeno-free corneal epithelial tissue engineering for ocular surface reconstruction.
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45
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Lužnik Z, Breda C, Barbaro V, Ferrari S, Migliorati A, Di Iorio E, Ferrari B, Griffoni C, Grassetto A, Elbadawy HM, Bertolin M. Towards xeno-free cultures of human limbal stem cells for ocular surface reconstruction. Cell Tissue Bank 2017; 18:461-474. [DOI: 10.1007/s10561-017-9632-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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46
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Abstract
The concept of a post-natal “mesenchymal stem cell” (“MSC”) originated from studies focused on bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs), which are non-hematopoietic adherent cells, a subset of which are skeletal stem cells (SSCs), able to form cartilage, bone, hematopoiesis-supportive stroma, and marrow adipocytes based on rigorous clonal and differentiation assays. Subsequently, it was speculated that BMSCs could form other mesodermal derivatives and even cell types from other germ layers. Based on BMSC surface markers, representative of fibroblastic cells, and imprecise differentiation assays, it was further imagined that “MSCs” are ubiquitous and equipotent. However, “MSCs” do not have a common embryonic origin and are not a lineage, but recent studies indicate that they are tissue-specific stem/progenitor cells. These cells share cell surface features owing to their fibroblastic nature, but they are not identical. They display different differentiation capacities based on their tissue origin but do not “trans-differentiate” outside of their lineage, based on rigorous assays. For these reasons, the “MSC” term should be abandoned. Tissue-specific stem/progenitor cells provide the opportunity to devise methods for tissue regeneration by the cells themselves (tissue engineering). Their use in other forms of regenerative medicine based on paracrine, immunosuppressive, and immunomodulatory effects is far less clear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pamela Robey
- Skeletal Biology Section, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
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47
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Zsebik B, Ujlaky-Nagy L, Losonczy G, Vereb G, Takács L. Cultivation of Human Oral Mucosal Explants on Contact Lenses. Curr Eye Res 2017; 42:1094-1099. [DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2017.1279635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Zsebik
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - László Ujlaky-Nagy
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Gergely Losonczy
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Vereb
- Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- MTA-DE Cell Biology and Signaling Research Group, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Lili Takács
- Department of Ophthalmology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, Hungary
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SANTRA LAKSHMAN, GUPTA SAURABH, KANNAN SANGEETHA, SINGH AJAYK, KUMAR GVPPSRAVI, NASKAR SOUMEN, GHOSH JYOTIRMOY, DHARA SUJOYK. Long bones, a slaughterhouse by-product, may serve as an excellent source for mesenchymal stem cells. THE INDIAN JOURNAL OF ANIMAL SCIENCES 2017. [DOI: 10.56093/ijans.v87i1.66860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2023]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are one of the rarest sub-populations of bone marrow resident cells having inherent ability to differentiate into mesenchyme tissues e.g. bone, cartilage and adipose tissues. The natural selfrenewal ability and potential for lineage specific differentiation have made these cells an excellent material for research and therapy in regenerative medicine. But, successful isolation and in vitro expansion of these cells still remain the pivotal steps for majority of stem cell based applications. Various techniques have been successfully used for isolation of MSCs from laboratory animals, but those are difficult to apply for domestic species. Hence, harvesting MSCs from most domestic animals remains a real challenge. Here we have demonstrated an easy, convenient, low cost method of MSCs isolation from slaughtered animals. As a proof of concept, MSCs were isolated from bone marrow of 3 different species, namely, sheep, pig and goat. These cells expressed multiple markers and also retained their self-renewal potential, exhibited by successful sub-culturing over 30 passages. Moreover, MSCs expressed many pluripotency factors e.g. OCT4, Nanog, c-Myc, KLF2 and KLF4. This indicated that the bone marrow derived MSCs were at very early stage of commitment and therefore, possibly retained high plasticity. Since these cells are available from slaughtered animals, this circumvents the bioethical issues associated with invasive method of MSC isolation from bone marrow. This invaluable and easily adoptable method for isolation of MSCs from large domestic animal would encourage isolation process in other animals and help in future cell based researches and therapies in the field of regenerative medicine.
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Lužnik Z, Hawlina M, Ferrari S, Ponzin D, Schollmayer P. Ocular surface reconstruction in limbal stem cell deficiency: current treatment options and perspectives. EXPERT REVIEW OF OPHTHALMOLOGY 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/17469899.2017.1263568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Zala Lužnik
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Marko Hawlina
- Eye Hospital, University Medical Centre, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Stefano Ferrari
- Fondazione Banca degli Occhi del Veneto Onlus, Via Paccagnella 11, Venezia Zelarino, Italy
| | - Diego Ponzin
- Fondazione Banca degli Occhi del Veneto Onlus, Via Paccagnella 11, Venezia Zelarino, Italy
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Limbal Stem Cells from Aged Donors Are a Suitable Source for Clinical Application. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:3032128. [PMID: 28042298 PMCID: PMC5155095 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3032128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 10/02/2016] [Accepted: 10/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Limbal stem cells (LSC) are the progenitor cells that maintain the transparency of the cornea. Limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) leads to corneal opacity, inflammation, scarring, and blindness. A clinical approach to treat this condition consists in LSC transplantation (LSCT) after ex vivo expansion of LSC. In unilateral LSCD, an autologous transplant is possible, but cases of bilateral LSCD require allogenic LSCT. Cadaveric donors represent the most important source of LSC allografts for treatment of bilateral LSCD when living relative donors are not available. To evaluate the suitability of aged cadaveric donors for LSCT, we compared three pools of LSC from donors of different ages (<60 years, 60–75 years, and >75 years). We evaluated graft quality in terms of percent of p63-positive (p63+) cells by immunofluorescence, colony forming efficiency, and mRNA and protein expression of p63, PAX6, Wnt7a, E-cadherin, and cytokeratin (CK) 12, CK3, and CK19. The results showed that LSC cultures from aged donors can express ≥3% of p63+ cells—considered as the minimum value for predicting favorable clinical outcomes after LSCT—suggesting that these cells could be a suitable source of LSC for transplantation. Our results also indicate the need to evaluate LSC graft quality criteria for each donor.
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