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Hersh AM, Gaitsch H, Alomari S, Lubelski D, Tyler BM. Molecular Pathways and Genomic Landscape of Glioblastoma Stem Cells: Opportunities for Targeted Therapy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:3743. [PMID: 35954407 PMCID: PMC9367289 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14153743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 07/26/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is an aggressive tumor of the central nervous system categorized by the World Health Organization as a Grade 4 astrocytoma. Despite treatment with surgical resection, adjuvant chemotherapy, and radiation therapy, outcomes remain poor, with a median survival of only 14-16 months. Although tumor regression is often observed initially after treatment, long-term recurrence or progression invariably occurs. Tumor growth, invasion, and recurrence is mediated by a unique population of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). Their high mutation rate and dysregulated transcriptional landscape augment their resistance to conventional chemotherapy and radiation therapy, explaining the poor outcomes observed in patients. Consequently, GSCs have emerged as targets of interest in new treatment paradigms. Here, we review the unique properties of GSCs, including their interactions with the hypoxic microenvironment that drives their proliferation. We discuss vital signaling pathways in GSCs that mediate stemness, self-renewal, proliferation, and invasion, including the Notch, epidermal growth factor receptor, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt, sonic hedgehog, transforming growth factor beta, Wnt, signal transducer and activator of transcription 3, and inhibitors of differentiation pathways. We also review epigenomic changes in GSCs that influence their transcriptional state, including DNA methylation, histone methylation and acetylation, and miRNA expression. The constituent molecular components of the signaling pathways and epigenomic regulators represent potential sites for targeted therapy, and representative examples of inhibitory molecules and pharmaceuticals are discussed. Continued investigation into the molecular pathways of GSCs and candidate therapeutics is needed to discover new effective treatments for GBM and improve survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew M. Hersh
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (A.M.H.); (H.G.); (S.A.); (D.L.)
| | - Hallie Gaitsch
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (A.M.H.); (H.G.); (S.A.); (D.L.)
- NIH Oxford-Cambridge Scholars Program, Wellcome—MRC Cambridge Stem Cell Institute and Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 1TN, UK
| | - Safwan Alomari
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (A.M.H.); (H.G.); (S.A.); (D.L.)
| | - Daniel Lubelski
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (A.M.H.); (H.G.); (S.A.); (D.L.)
| | - Betty M. Tyler
- Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA; (A.M.H.); (H.G.); (S.A.); (D.L.)
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2
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Recent Advances in Brain Tumour Therapy Using Electrospun Nanofibres. ADVANCES IN POLYMER SCIENCE 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/12_2022_141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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3
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Tang YJ, Puviindran V, Xiang Y, Yahara Y, Zhang H, Nadesan P, Diao Y, Kirsch DG, Alman BA. Tumor-propagating side population cells are a dynamic subpopulation in undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma. JCI Insight 2021; 6:148768. [PMID: 34618689 PMCID: PMC8663789 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.148768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcomas contain a subpopulation of tumor-propagating cells (TPCs) with enhanced tumor-initiating and self-renewal properties. However, it is unclear whether the TPC phenotype in sarcomas is stable or a dynamic cell state that can derive from non-TPCs. In this study, we utilized a mouse model of undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma (UPS) to trace the lineage relationship between sarcoma side population (SP) cells that are enriched for TPCs and non-SP cells. By cotransplanting SP and non-SP cells expressing different endogenous fluorescent reporters, we show that non-SP cells can give rise to SP cells with enhanced tumor-propagating potential in vivo. Lineage trajectory analysis using single-cell RNA sequencing from SP and non-SP cells supports the notion that non-SP cells can assume the SP cell phenotype de novo. To test the effect of eradicating SP cells on tumor growth and self-renewal, we generated mouse sarcomas in which the diphtheria toxin receptor is expressed in the SP cells and their progeny. Ablation of the SP population using diphtheria toxin did not impede tumor growth or self-renewal. Altogether, we show that the sarcoma SP represent a dynamic cell state and targeting TPCs alone is insufficient to eliminate tumor progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuning Jackie Tang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery
| | | | - Yu Xiang
- Department of Cell Biology.,Regeneration Next Initiative
| | | | - Hongyuan Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery.,Department of Cell Biology
| | | | - Yarui Diao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery.,Department of Cell Biology.,Regeneration Next Initiative
| | - David G Kirsch
- Regeneration Next Initiative.,Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, and.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Duke University School of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Benjamin A Alman
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Orthopedic Surgery.,Department of Cell Biology.,Regeneration Next Initiative
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4
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Mahlokozera T, Patel B, Chen H, Desouza P, Qu X, Mao DD, Hafez D, Yang W, Taiwo R, Paturu M, Salehi A, Gujar AD, Dunn GP, Mosammaparast N, Petti AA, Yano H, Kim AH. Competitive binding of E3 ligases TRIM26 and WWP2 controls SOX2 in glioblastoma. Nat Commun 2021; 12:6321. [PMID: 34732716 PMCID: PMC8566473 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-26653-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The pluripotency transcription factor SOX2 is essential for the maintenance of glioblastoma stem cells (GSC), which are thought to underlie tumor growth, treatment resistance, and recurrence. To understand how SOX2 is regulated in GSCs, we utilized a proteomic approach and identified the E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM26 as a direct SOX2-interacting protein. Unexpectedly, we found TRIM26 depletion decreased SOX2 protein levels and increased SOX2 polyubiquitination in patient-derived GSCs, suggesting TRIM26 promotes SOX2 protein stability. Accordingly, TRIM26 knockdown disrupted the SOX2 gene network and inhibited both self-renewal capacity as well as in vivo tumorigenicity in multiple GSC lines. Mechanistically, we found TRIM26, via its C-terminal PRYSPRY domain, but independent of its RING domain, stabilizes SOX2 protein by directly inhibiting the interaction of SOX2 with WWP2, which we identify as a bona fide SOX2 E3 ligase in GSCs. Our work identifies E3 ligase competition as a critical mechanism of SOX2 regulation, with functional consequences for GSC identity and maintenance. SOX2 is required for the maintenance of glioblastoma stem cells (GSCs). Here the authors identify that the RING family E3 ubiquitin ligase TRIM26 promotes SOX2 stability in a non-canonical ligase-independent manner and thus, increases the tumorigenicity of GSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tatenda Mahlokozera
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Bhuvic Patel
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hao Chen
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Patrick Desouza
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Xuan Qu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Diane D Mao
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Daniel Hafez
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Wei Yang
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Rukayat Taiwo
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Mounica Paturu
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Afshin Salehi
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Amit D Gujar
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Gavin P Dunn
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,The Brain Tumor Center, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Nima Mosammaparast
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Allegra A Petti
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,The Brain Tumor Center, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Hiroko Yano
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. .,The Brain Tumor Center, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. .,Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
| | - Albert H Kim
- Department of Neurological Surgery, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. .,Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. .,The Brain Tumor Center, Siteman Cancer Center, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. .,Department of Genetics, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA. .,Department of Developmental Biology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
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5
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Wang N, Weng J, Xia J, Zhu Y, Chen Q, Hu D, Zhang X, Sun R, Feng J, Minato N, Gong Y, Su L. SIPA1 enhances SMAD2/3 expression to maintain stem cell features in breast cancer cells. Stem Cell Res 2020; 49:102099. [PMID: 33296812 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2020.102099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
SIPA1, a GTPase activating protein that negatively regulates Ras-related protein (Rap), is a potential modulator of tumor metastasis and recurrence. In this study, we first showed that SIPA1 facilitated the stemness features of breast cancer cells, such as of tumorsphere formation capability and the expression of stemness marker CD44. In addition, SIPA1 promoted the expression of four stemness-associated transcription factors through increasing the expression of SMAD2 and SMAD3 in vitro and in vivo. The stemness features were abolished by blocking the phosphorylation of SMAD3 with its specific inhibitor SIS3. Furthermore, SIPA1 decreased the breast cancer cell sensitivity to chemotherapy drugs. This effect was, however, competitively reversed by blocking the SMAD3 phosphorylation by SIS3 treatment in breast cancer cells. Taken together, SIPA1 promotes and sustains the stemness of breast cancer cells and their resistance to chemotherapy by increasing the expression of SMAD2 and SMAD3, and blocking SMAD3 phosphorylation could suppress the cancer cell stemness and increase the sensitivity to chemotherapy in breast cancer cells expressing a high level of SIPA1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jun Weng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Jing Xia
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yangjin Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Qiongrong Chen
- Department of Pathology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430071, China
| | - Die Hu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China
| | - Rui Sun
- Department of Oncology, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430034, China
| | - Jueping Feng
- Department of Oncology, Puai Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430034, China
| | - Nagahiro Minato
- Department of Immunology and Cell Biology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Yoshida, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Yiping Gong
- Department of Breast Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; Department of Breast Surgery, Hubei Cancer Hospital, Wuhan 430079, China.
| | - Li Su
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Biophysics of Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
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6
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Ex Vivo Expansion and Drug Sensitivity Profiling of Circulating Tumor Cells from Patients with Small Cell Lung Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:cancers12113394. [PMID: 33207745 PMCID: PMC7696848 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12113394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Revised: 11/07/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is an overly aggressive cancer characterized by rapid growth, early metastatic spread, and consequently reducing overall survival. As cancer manifestations can differ uniquely between various types, the rapid proliferation of circulating tumor cells (CTC) originating from SCLC was an adequate sample resource to aid the headway in our drug screening technique. With biomarker detection of liquid biopsy as an emerging tool to assist decision-making in personalized cancer pharmacotherapy. In this study, we developed a rapid and reproducible system for preclinical drug testing via the use of a unique CTCs expansion protocol. The expanded CTCs from SCLC formed multiple types of tumorsphere structures and expressed SCLC-specific tumor markers. The drug sensitivity assessment gathered from in vitro expansion of CTCs was able to generate positive clinical therapeutic outcomes. Thus, SCLC patient-derived CTC spheroids are a useful resource for biomarker development and drug sensitivity assessment providing “real-world” therapeutic response circumstances. Abstract Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) represents one of the most aggressive malignancies among cancer types. Not only tumor sample availability is limited, but also the ability for tumor cells to rapidly acquire drug resistance are the rate-limiting bottlenecks for overall survival in current clinical settings. A liquid biopsy capable of capturing and enriching circulating tumor cells (CTCs), together with the possibility of drug screening, is a promising solution. Here, we illustrate the development of a highly efficient ex vivo CTC expansion system based on binary colloidal crystals substrate. Clinical samples were enrolled from 22 patients with SCLC in the study. The CTCs were enriched and expanded from the collected peripheral blood samples. Expanded cells were analyzed for protein expression and observed for drug sensitivity with the use of immunofluorescence and ATP titer evaluation, respectively. Successful CTC spheroid proliferation was established after 4 weeks within 82% of all the collected peripheral blood samples from enrolled patients. Upon immunofluorescence analysis, the enriched cells showed positive markers for EpCAM, TTF-1, synaptophysin and negative for CD45. Additionally, the expanded CTCs demonstrated marked heterogeneity in the expression of E-cadherin and N-cadherin. In a preliminary case series, the drug sensitivity of patient-derived CTC to cisplatin and etoposide was studied to see the correlation with the corresponding therapeutic outcome. In conclusion, our study demonstrates that it is possible to efficiently expand CTCs from SCLC within a clinically relevant time frame; the biomarker information generated from enriched CTCs can assist the selection of effective drugs and improve disease outcome.
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7
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Chen Y, Shao Z, Jiang E, Zhou X, Wang L, Wang H, Luo X, Chen Q, Liu K, Shang Z. CCL21/CCR7 interaction promotes EMT and enhances the stemness of OSCC via a JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. J Cell Physiol 2020; 235:5995-6009. [PMID: 32017846 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.29525] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Chemokines and their receptors show a strong relationship with poor clinical outcomes in various cancers. However, their underlying mechanisms remain to be fully elucidated. In our research, we found C-C chemokine receptor 7 (CCR7) and its ligand chemokine ligand 21 (CCL21) were abnormally abundant in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) tissues, and CCR7 expression was correlated with poor prognosis of OSCC. After exogenous CCL21 stimulation, epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) was promoted in OSCC cells, and cancer stem cell-related markers CD133, CD44, BMI1, ALDH1A1, and OCT4 increased. The migration, invasion, tumorsphere formation, and colony formation abilities of OSCC cells were enhanced, indicating that the stemness of OSCC cells was also improved. The knockdown and overexpression of CCR7 efficiently affected the CCL21-induced EMT and stemness of OSCC cells. When treated with CCL21, the phospho-JAK2 and phospho-STAT3 markedly increased. The inhibitor of the Janus kinase 2/signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (JAK2/STAT3) significantly suppressed CCL21-induced EMT and stemness of OSCC cells. In conclusion, CCL21/CCR7 axis regulated EMT progress and promoted the stemness of OSCC by activating the JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. CCL21/CCR7 might be an effective target for OSCC prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hubei Province & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine (Wuhan University), Wuhan, China
| | - Zhe Shao
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hubei Province & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine (Wuhan University), Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Head and Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Erhui Jiang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hubei Province & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine (Wuhan University), Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaocheng Zhou
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hubei Province & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine (Wuhan University), Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Head and Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hubei Province & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine (Wuhan University), Wuhan, China
| | - Hui Wang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hubei Province & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine (Wuhan University), Wuhan, China
| | - Xinyue Luo
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hubei Province & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine (Wuhan University), Wuhan, China
| | - Qingli Chen
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hubei Province & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine (Wuhan University), Wuhan, China
| | - Ke Liu
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hubei Province & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine (Wuhan University), Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Head and Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhengjun Shang
- The State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Basic Science of Stomatology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Hubei Province & Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine (Wuhan University), Wuhan, China.,Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Head and Neck Oncology, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
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8
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Wei F, Zhang T, Deng SC, Wei JC, Yang P, Wang Q, Chen ZP, Li WL, Chen HC, Hu H, Cao J. PD-L1 promotes colorectal cancer stem cell expansion by activating HMGA1-dependent signaling pathways. Cancer Lett 2019; 450:1-13. [PMID: 30776481 DOI: 10.1016/j.canlet.2019.02.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
PD-L1 is critical for tumor cell escape from immune surveillance by inhibiting T cell function via the PD-1 receptor. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that anti-PD-L1 monoclonal antibodies might potently enhance antitumor effects in various tumors, but the effect of PD-L1 on colorectal cancer stem cells (CSCs) remains unclear. We observed high PD-L1 expression in CD133+CD44+ colorectal CSCs and CSC-enriched tumorspheres. Altering PD-L1 expression promoted colorectal CSC self-renewal by increasing the expression of stemness genes, the CD133+CD44+ cell population sizes and the ability to form tumorspheres. Additionally, PD-L1 expression was markedly increased in chemoresistant colorectal cancer (CRC) cells in vitro and in vivo. More importantly, PD-L1 enhanced CRC cell tumorigenicity in nude mice; the inoculation of 1 × 104 cells resulted in high tumor formation efficiency. Mechanistically, PD-L1 directly interacted with HMGA1, and HMGA1 upregulation by PD-L1 activated HMGA1-dependent pathways, including the PI3K/Akt and MEK/ERK pathways, and promoted CSC expansion. HMGA1 downregulation rescued the PD-L1-induced phenotypes, highlighting the role of HMGA1 in PD-L1-mediated colorectal CSC self-renewal. Moreover, PD-L1 expression was correlated with the expression of CSC markers and HMGA1 in clinical CRC specimens. Thus, PD-L1 could crucially contribute to the maintenance of CSC self-renewal by activating HMGA1-dependent signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China; Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Tong Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China; Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Shu-Chou Deng
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Jian-Chang Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China; Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Ping Yang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China; Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Qiang Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China; Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Zhuan-Peng Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China; Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Wang-Lin Li
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China; Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Hua-Cui Chen
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - He Hu
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China; Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, School of Medicine, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, 510180, China; Department of General Surgery, Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510180, China.
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9
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Norouzi M. Recent advances in brain tumor therapy: application of electrospun nanofibers. Drug Discov Today 2018; 23:912-919. [PMID: 29499377 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 02/22/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Despite much effort to treat glioblastoma multiforme (GBM), the median survival of patients has not significantly improved. The high rate of tumor recurrence after tumor resection and the blood-brain barrier (BBB) decrease the treatment efficacy. Local drug delivery at the surgical resection site via implantable electrospun nanofibers not only circumvents the BBB, but can also reduce the rate of tumor recurrence. Nanofibers can provide a sustained release and a high concentration of chemotherapeutics at the tumor vicinity, while decreasing their systemic exposure and toxicity. In another scenario, aligned nanofibers can mimic the topographical features of the brain extracellular matrix (ECM), which can be utilized for in vitro studies on GBM cell migration. This strategy is beneficial to investigate the interactions of tumor cells with the microenvironment which has a dominant role in regulating tumor formation, progression, and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Norouzi
- Graduate Program of Biomedical Engineering, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, MB, Canada; Kleysen Institute for Advanced Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Winnipeg, MB, Canada.
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10
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Brocqueville G, Chmelar RS, Bauderlique-Le Roy H, Deruy E, Tian L, Vessella RL, Greenberg NM, Rohrschneider LR, Bourette RP. s-SHIP expression identifies a subset of murine basal prostate cells as neonatal stem cells. Oncotarget 2018; 7:29228-44. [PMID: 27081082 PMCID: PMC5045392 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2015] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Isolation of prostate stem cells (PSCs) is crucial for understanding their biology during normal development and tumorigenesis. In this aim, we used a transgenic mouse model expressing GFP from the stem cell-specific s-SHIP promoter to mark putative stem cells during postnatal prostate development. Here we show that cells identified by GFP expression are present transiently during early prostate development and localize to the basal cell layer of the epithelium. These prostate GFP+ cells are a subpopulation of the Lin- CD24+ Sca-1+ CD49f+ cells and are capable of self-renewal together with enhanced growth potential in sphere-forming assay in vitro, a phenotype consistent with that of a PSC population. Transplantation assays of prostate GFP+ cells demonstrate reconstitution of prostate ducts containing both basal and luminal cells in renal grafts. Altogether, these results demonstrate that s-SHIP promoter expression is a new marker for neonatal basal prostate cells exhibiting stem cell properties that enables PSCs in situ identification and isolation via a single consistent parameter. Transcriptional profiling of these GFP+ neonatal stem cells showed an increased expression of several components of the Wnt signaling pathway. It also identified stem cell regulators with potential applications for further analyses of normal and cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guillaume Brocqueville
- University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161-M3T-Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapies, SIRIC ONCOLille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Renee S Chmelar
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Hélène Bauderlique-Le Roy
- University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161-M3T-Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapies, SIRIC ONCOLille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Emeric Deruy
- BioImaging Center Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, University of Lille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Lu Tian
- University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161-M3T-Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapies, SIRIC ONCOLille, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Robert L Vessella
- Department of Urology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA
| | - Norman M Greenberg
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA.,Present address: NMG Scientific Consulting, North Potomac, MD 20878, USA
| | - Larry R Rohrschneider
- Division of Basic Sciences, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA 98109, USA
| | - Roland P Bourette
- University of Lille, CNRS, Institut Pasteur de Lille, UMR 8161-M3T-Mechanisms of Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapies, SIRIC ONCOLille, F-59000 Lille, France
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11
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Paiva-Oliveira DI, Martins-Neves SR, Abrunhosa AJ, Fontes-Ribeiro C, Gomes CMF. Therapeutic potential of the metabolic modulator Metformin on osteosarcoma cancer stem-like cells. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2017; 81:49-63. [PMID: 29086064 DOI: 10.1007/s00280-017-3467-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Osteosarcoma is the most common primary bone tumour appearing in children and adolescents. Recent studies demonstrate that osteosarcoma possesses a stem-like cell subset, so-called cancer stem-like cells, refractory to conventional chemotherapeutics and pointed out as responsible for relapses frequently observed in osteosarcoma patients. Here, we explored the therapeutic potential of Metformin on osteosarcoma stem-like cells, alone and as a chemosensitizer of doxorubicin. METHODS Stem-like cells were isolated from human osteosarcoma cell lines, MNNG/HOS and MG-63, using the sphere-forming assay. Metformin cytotoxicity alone and combined with doxorubicin were evaluated using MTT/BrdU assays. Protein levels of AMPK and AKT were evaluated by Western Blot. Cellular metabolic status was assessed based on [18F]-FDG uptake and lactate production measurements. Sphere-forming efficiency and expression of pluripotency transcription factors analysed by qRT-PCR were tested as readout of Metformin effects on stemness features. RESULTS Metformin induced a concentration-dependent decrease in the metabolic activity and proliferation of sphere-forming cells and improved doxorubicin-induced cytotoxicity. This drug also down-regulated the expression of master regulators of pluripotency (OCT4, SOX2, NANOG), and decreased spheres' self-renewal ability. Metformin effects on mitochondria led to the activation and phosphorylation of the energetic sensor AMPK along with an upregulation of the pro-survival AKT pathway in both cell populations. Furthermore, Metformin-induced mitochondrial stress increased [18F]-FDG uptake and lactate production in parental cells but not in the quiescent stem-like cells, suggesting the inability of the latter to cope with the energy crisis induced by metformin. CONCLUSIONS This preclinical study suggests that Metformin may be a potentially useful therapeutic agent and chemosensitizer of osteosarcoma stem-like cells to doxorubicin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela I Paiva-Oliveira
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Sta. Comba, Celas, 3000-354, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Sara R Martins-Neves
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Sta. Comba, Celas, 3000-354, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.,Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Antero J Abrunhosa
- Institute for Nuclear Sciences Applied to Health (ICNAS), University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carlos Fontes-Ribeiro
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Sta. Comba, Celas, 3000-354, Coimbra, Portugal.,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Célia M F Gomes
- Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics, Institute for Biomedical Imaging and Life Sciences (IBILI), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Azinhaga de Sta. Comba, Celas, 3000-354, Coimbra, Portugal. .,CNC.IBILI, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal. .,Center of Investigation in Environment, Genetics and Oncobiology (CIMAGO), Faculty of Medicine, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal.
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12
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Nawaz M. Extracellular vesicle-mediated transport of non-coding RNAs between stem cells and cancer cells: implications in tumor progression and therapeutic resistance. Stem Cell Investig 2017; 4:83. [PMID: 29167804 DOI: 10.21037/sci.2017.10.04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 10/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Recent years have witnessed intensive progress in studying extracellular vesicles (EVs), both for understanding their basic biology and contribution to variety of diseases, biomarker discovery, and their potential as gene delivery vectors and source of innovative therapies. As such, stem cell-derived EVs have contributed significant knowledge which led to the development of cell-free therapies in regenerative medicine. Although, the role of stem cell-derived EVs in maintaining stemness, differentiation and repairing tissue injuries is relatively well-understood; however, knowledge about the contribution of stem cell-derived EVs in cancer progression is just emerging. The aim of this review is, therefore, to discuss the recent developments in stem cell-derived EVs and tumor progression, placing a particular focus on non-coding RNA (ncRNA) mediated cancer progression and resistance against therapies. This includes the failure of normal hematopoiesis and the progression of myeloid neoplasms, enhanced capacity of cancer cells to proliferate and metastasize, and the conversion of normal cells into cancer cells, activation of angiogenic pathways and dormancy in cancer cells. These processes are shared by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), cancer stem like-cells and cancer cells in an intricate intratumoral network in order to create self-strengthening tumor niche. In this context, EV-ncRNAs serve as mediators to relay bystander effects of secreting cancer stem cells (CSCs) into recipient cells for priming a tumor permissive environment and relaying therapeutic resistance. Collectively, this knowledge will improve our understandings and approaches in finding new therapeutic targets in the context of CSCs, which could be benefited through engineering EVs for innovative therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, Institute of Medicine, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden.,Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Ribeirão Preto Medical School, University of São Paulo, Brazil
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13
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Roudi R, Ebrahimi M, Shariftabrizi A, Madjd Z. Cancer stem cell research in Iran: potentials and challenges. Future Oncol 2017; 13:1809-1826. [PMID: 28776391 DOI: 10.2217/fon-2017-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Treatment modalities can reduce cancer-related mortality; however, a majority of patients develop drug resistance, metastasis and relapse. It has been proposed that tumorigenic characteristics of tumors are related to a proportion of cancer cells, termed cancer stem cells (CSCs). Following the first evidence regarding the existence of CSC population in acute myeloid leukemia in 1997, publications in CSCs field showed an explosive trend in all cancer types around the world. First research paper in the field of CSCs in Iran was published in 2004 on prostate cancer. Subsequently, an annual number of publications in the field of CSCs displayed a rapidly growing trend. Therefore, in the current review, we have presented a comprehensive evaluation of the CSCs research in Iran.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raheleh Roudi
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marzieh Ebrahimi
- Department of Stem Cells & Developmental Biology at Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology & Technology, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Shariftabrizi
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Molecular Imaging, State University of New York at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USA
| | - Zahra Madjd
- Oncopathology Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Department of Molecular Medicine, Faculty of Advanced Technologies in Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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14
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Wang L, Liu X, Ren Y, Zhang J, Chen J, Zhou W, Guo W, Wang X, Chen H, Li M, Yuan X, Zhang X, Yang J, Wu C. Cisplatin-enriching cancer stem cells confer multidrug resistance in non-small cell lung cancer via enhancing TRIB1/HDAC activity. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e2746. [PMID: 28406482 PMCID: PMC5477570 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2016.409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Revised: 11/04/2016] [Accepted: 11/09/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapeutic agents are generally used as a frontline therapy for non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, resistance to chemotherapy arises rapidly in NSCLC, and the reasons for chemotherapy resistance have not been fully determined. Here, we found cisplatin, but not paclitaxel and doxorubicin, induced the enrichment of cancer stem cell (CSC) and conferred multidrug resistance in NSCLC cell lines. In vivo study confirmed drug-resistant tumors displayed the enhanced expressions of CSC transcription factors. Mechanistically, cisplatin treatment resulted in C/EBP-β-dependent increasing of TRIB1. The crucial role of TRIB1 in cisplatin-induced enrichment of CSC and drug resistance was verified by knockdown TRIB1. Interestingly, cisplatin treatment also contributed to the increasement of HDAC, the interaction of TRIB1 with HDAC, and inactivation of p53. Similarly, the silencing of HDAC led to reduction of cisplatin-induced CSC, and combined knockdown of HDAC and TRIB1 exhibited enhanced effect. Additionally, the combination of HDAC inhibitor and cisplatin showed a reinforced antitumor action in NSCLC cell lines with TRIB1-dependent manner and remarkably shrink tumors in xenograft models. Moreover, cisplatin-treated NSCLC patients with high levels of TRIB1 exhibited a significantly poorer prognosis. Our findings illustrate a novel perspective in the evolution of chemotherapy resistance and provide a promising approach for the treatment of patients with NSCLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lihui Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University College of Life Science and Biopharmaceutical, Shenyang, China.,Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xing Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University College of Life Science and Biopharmaceutical, Shenyang, China.,Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Yong Ren
- Department of Pathology, Wuhan General Hospital of Guangzhou Command, People's Liberation Army, Wuhan, China
| | - Jingyuan Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University College of Life Science and Biopharmaceutical, Shenyang, China.,Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Junli Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University College of Life Science and Biopharmaceutical, Shenyang, China.,Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wenlong Zhou
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University College of Life Science and Biopharmaceutical, Shenyang, China.,Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Wei Guo
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University College of Life Science and Biopharmaceutical, Shenyang, China.,Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoxuan Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University College of Life Science and Biopharmaceutical, Shenyang, China.,Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Huiping Chen
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University College of Life Science and Biopharmaceutical, Shenyang, China.,Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University College of Life Science and Biopharmaceutical, Shenyang, China.,Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiangzhong Yuan
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University College of Life Science and Biopharmaceutical, Shenyang, China
| | - Xun Zhang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University College of Life Science and Biopharmaceutical, Shenyang, China.,Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Jingyu Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University College of Life Science and Biopharmaceutical, Shenyang, China.,Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Chunfu Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University College of Life Science and Biopharmaceutical, Shenyang, China.,Benxi Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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15
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Noncanonical GLI1 signaling promotes stemness features and in vivo growth in lung adenocarcinoma. Oncogene 2017; 36:4641-4652. [PMID: 28368412 PMCID: PMC5558095 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.91] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2016] [Revised: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Aberrant Hedgehog/GLI signaling has been implicated in a diverse spectrum of human cancers, but its role in lung adenocarcinoma (LAC) is still under debate. We show that the downstream effector of the Hedgehog pathway, GLI1, is expressed in 76% of LACs, but in roughly half of these tumors, the canonical pathway activator, Smoothened, is expressed at low levels, possibly owing to epigenetic silencing. In LAC cells including the cancer stem cell compartment, we show that GLI1 is activated noncanonically by MAPK/ERK signaling. Different mechanisms can trigger the MAPK/ERK/GLI1 cascade including KRAS mutation and stimulation of NRP2 by VEGF produced by the cancer cells themselves in an autocrine loop or by stromal cells as paracrine cross talk. Suppression of GLI1, by silencing or drug-mediated, inhibits LAC cells proliferation, attenuates their stemness and increases their susceptibility to apoptosis in vitro and in vivo. These findings provide insight into the growth of LACs and point to GLI1 as a downstream effector for oncogenic pathways. Thus, strategies involving direct inhibition of GLI1 may be useful in the treatment of LACs.
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16
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Lv SQ, Ye ZL, Liu PY, Huang Y, Li LF, Liu H, Zhu HL, Jin HJ, Qian QJ. 11R-P53 and GM-CSF Expressing Oncolytic Adenovirus Target Cancer Stem Cells with Enhanced Synergistic Activity. J Cancer 2017; 8:199-206. [PMID: 28243324 PMCID: PMC5327369 DOI: 10.7150/jca.16406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Targeting cancer stem cells with oncolytic virus (OV) holds great potential for thorough elimination of cancer cells. Based on our previous studies, we here established 11R-P53 and mGM-CSF carrying oncolytic adenovirus (OAV) SG655-mGMP and investigated its therapeutic effect on hepatocellular carcinoma stem cells Hep3B-C and teratoma stem cells ECCG5. Firstly, the augmenting effect of 11R in our construct was tested and confirmed by examining the expression of EGFP with Fluorescence and FCM assays after transfecting Hep3B-C and ECCG5 cells with OVA SG7605-EGFP and SG7605-11R-EGFP. Secondly, the expressions of 11R-P53 and GM-CSF in Hep3B-C and ECCG5 cells after transfection with OAV SG655-mGMP were detected by Western blot and Elisa assays, respectively. Thirdly, the enhanced growth inhibitory and augmented apoptosis inducing effects of OAV SG655-mGMP on Hep3B-C and ECCG5 cells were tested with FCM assays by comparing with the control, wild type 5 adenovirus, 11R-P53 carrying OVA in vitro. Lastly, the in vivo therapeutic effect of OAV SG655-mGMP toward ECCG5 cell-formed xenografts was studied by measuring tumor volumes post different treatments with PBS, OAV SG655-11R-P53, OAV SG655-mGM-CSF and OAV SG655-mGMP. Treatment with OAV SG655-mGMP induced significant xenograft growth inhibition, inflammation factor AIF1 expression and immune cells infiltration. Therefore, our OAV SG655-mGMP provides a novel platform to arm OVs to target cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sai-Qun Lv
- Department of Viral and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Shanghai Eastern Heptobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Zhen-Long Ye
- Department of Viral and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Shanghai Eastern Heptobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Pin-Yi Liu
- Ningbo NO.5 Hospital (Ningbo Cancer Hospital), Ningbo 315201, China
| | - Yao Huang
- Department of Viral and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Shanghai Eastern Heptobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Lin-Fang Li
- Department of Viral and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Shanghai Eastern Heptobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Hui Liu
- Department of Viral and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Shanghai Eastern Heptobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Hai-Li Zhu
- Department of Viral and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Shanghai Eastern Heptobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Hua-Jun Jin
- Department of Viral and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Shanghai Eastern Heptobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, 200438, China
| | - Qi-Jun Qian
- Department of Viral and Gene Therapy Laboratory, Shanghai Eastern Heptobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, 200438, China;; Ningbo NO.5 Hospital (Ningbo Cancer Hospital), Ningbo 315201, China
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17
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Song M, Lee H, Nam MH, Jeong E, Kim S, Hong Y, Kim N, Yim HY, Yoo YJ, Kim JS, Kim JS, Cho YY, Mills GB, Kim WY, Yoon S. Loss-of-function screens of druggable targetome against cancer stem-like cells. FASEB J 2016; 31:625-635. [PMID: 27811063 PMCID: PMC5240669 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201600953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem–like cells (CSLCs) contribute to the initiation and recurrence of tumors and to their resistance to conventional therapies. In this study, small interfering RNA (siRNA)-based screening of ∼4800 druggable genes in 3-dimensional CSLC cultures in comparison to 2-dimensional bulk cultures of U87 glioma cells revealed 3 groups of genes essential for the following: survival of the CSLC population only, bulk-cultured population only, or both populations. While diverse biologic processes were associated with siRNAs reducing the bulk-cultured population, CSLC-eliminating siRNAs were enriched in a few functional categories, such as lipid metabolism, protein metabolism, and gene expression. Interestingly, siRNAs that selectively reduced CSLC only were found to target genes for cholesterol and unsaturated fatty acid synthesis. The lipidomic profile of CSLCs revealed increased levels of monounsaturated lipids. Pharmacologic blockage of these target pathways reduced CSLCs, and this effect was eliminated by addition of downstream metabolite products. The present CSLC-sensitive target categories provide a useful resource that can be exploited for the selective elimination of CSLCs.—Song, M., Lee, H., Nam, M.-H., Jeong, E., Kim, S., Hong, Y., Kim, N., Yim, H. Y., Yoo, Y.-J., Kim, J. S., Kim, J.-S., Cho, Y.-Y., Mills, G. B., Kim, W.-Y., Yoon, S. Loss-of-function screens of druggable targetome against cancer stem–like cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mee Song
- Center for Advanced Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hani Lee
- Research Center for Cell Fate Control, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung-Hee Nam
- Environmental Risk and Welfare Research Team, Korea Basic Science Institute, Seoul, Korea
| | - Euna Jeong
- Center for Advanced Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Somin Kim
- Center for Advanced Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yourae Hong
- Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Nayoung Kim
- Center for Advanced Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea.,Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hwa Young Yim
- Center for Advanced Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young-Ji Yoo
- Research Center for Cell Fate Control, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Seok Kim
- Research Center for Cell Fate Control, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Seok Kim
- Research Center for Cell Fate Control, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong-Yeon Cho
- College of Pharmacy, The Catholic University of Korea, Gyeonggi-do, Korea; and
| | - Gordon B Mills
- Systems Biology, University of Texas, M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Woo-Young Kim
- Research Center for Cell Fate Control, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea;
| | - Sukjoon Yoon
- Center for Advanced Bioinformatics and Systems Medicine, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea; .,Department of Biological Sciences, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, Korea
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18
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Wei F, Rong XX, Xie RY, Jia LT, Wang HY, Qin YJ, Chen L, Shen HF, Lin XL, Yang J, Yang S, Hao WC, Chen Y, Xiao SJ, Zhou HR, Lin TY, Chen YS, Sun Y, Yao KT, Xiao D. Cytokine-induced killer cells efficiently kill stem-like cancer cells of nasopharyngeal carcinoma via the NKG2D-ligands recognition. Oncotarget 2016; 6:35023-39. [PMID: 26418951 PMCID: PMC4741506 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.5280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 09/04/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) are considered to be the root cause for cancer treatment failure. Thus, there remains an urgent need for more potent and safer therapies against CSCs for curing cancer. In this study, the antitumor activity of cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells against putative CSCs of nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) was fully evaluated in vitro and in vivo. To visualize putative CSCs in vitro by fluorescence imaging, and image and quantify putative CSCs in tumor xenograft-bearing mice by in vivo bioluminescence imaging, NPC cells were engineered with CSC detector vector encoding GFP and luciferase (Luc) under control of Nanog promoter. Our study reported in vitro intense tumor-killing activity of CIK cells against putative CSCs of NPC, as revealed by percentage analysis of side population cells, tumorsphere formation assay and Nanog-promoter-GFP-Luc reporter gene strategy plus time-lapse recording. Additionally, time-lapse imaging firstly illustrated that GFP-labeled or PKH26-labeled putative CSCs or tumorspheres were usually attacked simultaneously by many CIK cells and finally killed by CIK cells, suggesting the necessity of achieving sufficient effector-to-target ratios. We firstly confirmed that NKG2D blockade by anti-NKG2D antibody significantly but partially abrogated CIK cell-mediated cytolysis against putative CSCs. More importantly, intravenous infusion of CIK cells significantly delayed tumor growth in NOD/SCID mice, accompanied by a remarkable reduction in putative CSC number monitored by whole-body bioluminescence imaging. Taken together, our findings suggest that CIK cells demonstrate the intense tumor-killing activity against putative CSCs of NPC, at least in part, by NKG2D-ligands recognition. These results indicate that CIK cell-based therapeutic strategy against CSCs presents a promising and safe approach for cancer treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Wei
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Guangzhou Digestive Disease Center, Guangzhou First People's Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou 510180, China
| | - Xiao-Xiang Rong
- Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Rao-Ying Xie
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Li-Ting Jia
- Department of Pathology, Guilin Medical College, Guilin 541001, China
| | - Hui-Yan Wang
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yu-Juan Qin
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Hong-Fen Shen
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Lin
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wei-Chao Hao
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Sheng-Jun Xiao
- Department of Pathology, Guilin Medical College, Guilin 541001, China
| | - Hui-Rong Zhou
- Department of Pathology, Guilin Medical College, Guilin 541001, China
| | - Tao-Yan Lin
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yu-Shuang Chen
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - Kai-Tai Yao
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Dong Xiao
- Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.,Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
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19
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Häfner SJ, Talvard TG, Lund AH. Long noncoding RNAs in normal and pathological pluripotency. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2016; 65:1-10. [PMID: 27438587 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2016.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2016] [Revised: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The striking similarities between pluripotent and cancer cells, such as immortality and increased stress resistance, have long been acknowledged. Numerous studies searched for and successfully identified common molecular players and pathways, thus providing an entirely new challenge and potential therapeutic angle by targeting cancer cells or a specific stem population of the tumor via pluripotency associated processes. However, these strategies have until now mainly been restricted to proteins. Nonetheless, it has become clear over the past decade that the overwhelming majority of the genome produces noncoding transcripts, many of which have proven both functional and crucial for key cellular processes, including stemness maintenance. Moreover, numerous long noncoding RNAs are deregulated in cancer, but little is known concerning their functions and molecular mechanisms. Consequently, it seems essential to integrate the noncoding transcripts into the picture of the stemness-cancer connection. Whereas a number of studies have addressed the expression of lncRNAs in cancer stem cells, no systematic approach has yet been undertaken to identify lncRNAs implicated in the maintenance of the embryonic stemness state that is hijacked by cancer cells. The aim of this review is to highlight long noncoding RNAs with shared functions in stemness and cancer and to outline the current state of a field in its infancy, the search for long noncoding transcripts in cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophia J Häfner
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Thomas G Talvard
- Dansk Fundamental Metrologi, Matematiktorvet 307, DK-2600, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Anders H Lund
- Biotech Research and Innovation Centre, University of Copenhagen, Ole Maaloes Vej 5, DK-2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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20
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Hu BR, Fairey AS, Madhav A, Yang D, Li M, Groshen S, Stephens C, Kim PH, Virk N, Wang L, Martin SE, Erho N, Davicioni E, Jenkins RB, Den RB, Xu T, Xu Y, Gill IS, Quinn DI, Goldkorn A. AXIN2 expression predicts prostate cancer recurrence and regulates invasion and tumor growth. Prostate 2016; 76:597-608. [PMID: 26771938 PMCID: PMC7455032 DOI: 10.1002/pros.23151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Treatment of prostate cancer (PCa) may be improved by identifying biological mechanisms of tumor growth that directly impact clinical disease progression. We investigated whether genes associated with a highly tumorigenic, drug resistant, progenitor phenotype impact PCa biology and recurrence. METHODS Radical prostatectomy (RP) specimens (±disease recurrence, N = 276) were analyzed by qRT-PCR to quantify expression of genes associated with self-renewal, drug resistance, and tumorigenicity in prior studies. Associations between gene expression and PCa recurrence were confirmed by bootstrap internal validation and by external validation in independent cohorts (total N = 675) and in silico. siRNA knockdown and lentiviral overexpression were used to determine the effect of gene expression on PCa invasion, proliferation, and tumor growth. RESULTS Four candidate genes were differentially expressed in PCa recurrence. Of these, low AXIN2 expression was internally validated in the discovery cohort. Validation in external cohorts and in silico demonstrated that low AXIN2 was independently associated with more aggressive PCa, biochemical recurrence, and metastasis-free survival after RP. Functionally, siRNA-mediated depletion of AXIN2 significantly increased invasiveness, proliferation, and tumor growth. Conversely, ectopic overexpression of AXIN2 significantly reduced invasiveness, proliferation, and tumor growth. CONCLUSIONS Low AXIN2 expression was associated with PCa recurrence after RP in our test population as well as in external validation cohorts, and its expression levels in PCa cells significantly impacted invasiveness, proliferation, and tumor growth. Given these novel roles, further study of AXIN2 in PCa may yield promising new predictive and therapeutic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian R. Hu
- USC Institute of Urology, Keck Medical Center of USC and Translational and Clinical Science Program, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Adrian S. Fairey
- USC Institute of Urology, Keck Medical Center of USC and Translational and Clinical Science Program, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Anisha Madhav
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine and Translational and Clinical Science Program, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Dongyun Yang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck Medical Center of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Meng Li
- Health Sciences Bioinformatics Core, USC Keck School of Medicine, Los Angeles, California
| | - Susan Groshen
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck Medical Center of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | - Philip H. Kim
- USC Institute of Urology, Keck Medical Center of USC and Translational and Clinical Science Program, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Navneet Virk
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine and Translational and Clinical Science Program, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Lina Wang
- Department of Pathology, Keck Medical Center of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sue Ellen Martin
- Department of Pathology, Keck Medical Center of USC, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | | | | | - Robert B. Jenkins
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Robert B. Den
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tong Xu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine and Translational and Clinical Science Program, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Yucheng Xu
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine and Translational and Clinical Science Program, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Inderbir S. Gill
- USC Institute of Urology, Keck Medical Center of USC and Translational and Clinical Science Program, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - David I. Quinn
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine and Translational and Clinical Science Program, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
| | - Amir Goldkorn
- Division of Medical Oncology, Department of Medicine, University of Southern California Keck School of Medicine and Translational and Clinical Science Program, USC Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, California
- Correspondence to: Amir Goldkorn, MD, University of Southern California Norris Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Suite 3440, Los Angeles, CA 90033.
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Konstorum A, Hillen T, Lowengrub J. Feedback Regulation in a Cancer Stem Cell Model can Cause an Allee Effect. Bull Math Biol 2016; 78:754-785. [PMID: 27113934 DOI: 10.1007/s11538-016-0161-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The exact mechanisms of spontaneous tumor remission or complete response to treatment are phenomena in oncology that are not completely understood. We use a concept from ecology, the Allee effect, to help explain tumor extinction in a model of tumor growth that incorporates feedback regulation of stem cell dynamics, which occurs in many tumor types where certain signaling molecules, such as Wnts, are upregulated. Due to feedback and the Allee effect, a tumor may become extinct spontaneously or after therapy even when the entire tumor has not been eradicated by the end of therapy. We quantify the Allee effect using an 'Allee index' that approximates the area of the basin of attraction for tumor extinction. We show that effectiveness of combination therapy in cancer treatment may occur due to the increased probability that the system will be in the Allee region after combination treatment versus monotherapy. We identify therapies that can attenuate stem cell self-renewal, alter the Allee region and increase its size. We also show that decreased response of tumor cells to growth inhibitors can reduce the size of the Allee region and increase stem cell densities, which may help to explain why this phenomenon is a hallmark of cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Konstorum
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Center for Quantitative Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT, USA.
| | - Thomas Hillen
- Centre for Mathematical Biology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - John Lowengrub
- Department of Mathematics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.
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22
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Sarkar FH. Novel Holistic Approaches for Overcoming Therapy Resistance in Pancreatic and Colon Cancers. Med Princ Pract 2016; 25 Suppl 2:3-10. [PMID: 26228733 PMCID: PMC5588517 DOI: 10.1159/000435814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Gastrointestinal (GI) cancers, such as of the colon and pancreas, are highly resistant to both standard and targeted therapeutics. Therapy-resistant and heterogeneous GI cancers harbor highly complex signaling networks (the resistome) that resist apoptotic programming. Commonly used gemcitabine or platinum-based regimens fail to induce meaningful (i.e. disease-reversing) perturbations in the resistome, resulting in high rates of treatment failure. The GI cancer resistance networks are, in part, due to interactions between parallel signaling and aberrantly expressed microRNAs (miRNAs) that collectively promote the development and survival of drug-resistant cancer stem cells with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) characteristics. The lack of understanding of the resistance networks associated with this subpopulation of cells as well as reductionist, single protein-/pathway-targeted approaches have made 'effective drug design' a difficult task. We propose that the successful design of novel therapeutic regimens to target drug-resistant GI tumors is only possible if network-based drug avenues and agents, in particular 'natural agents' with no known toxicity, are correctly identified. Natural agents (dietary agents or their synthetic derivatives) can individually alter miRNA profiles, suppress EMT pathways and eliminate cancer stem-like cells that derive from pancreatic cancer and colon cancer, by partially targeting multiple yet meaningful networks within the GI cancer resistome. However, the efficacy of these agents as combinations (e.g. consumed in the diet) against this resistome has never been studied. This short review article provides an overview of the different challenges involved in the understanding of the GI resistome, and how novel computational biology can help in the design of effective therapies to overcome resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fazlul H. Sarkar
- *Fazlul H. Sarkar, PhD, Departments of Pathology and Oncology, Karmanos Cancer Institute, Wayne State University School of Medicine, 4100 John R, 740 HWCRC, Detroit, MI 48201 (USA), E-Mail
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23
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Yin T, Wang G, He S, Liu Q, Sun J, Wang Y. Human cancer cells with stem cell-like phenotype exhibit enhanced sensitivity to the cytotoxicity of IL-2 and IL-15 activated natural killer cells. Cell Immunol 2015; 300:41-5. [PMID: 26677760 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellimm.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 11/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/29/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Tumors harbor a population of cancer stem cells (CSCs) which can drive tumor progression and therapeutical resistance. Nature killer (NK) cells are best known for their ability to directly recognize and kill malignant cells. However, the susceptibility of cancer stem cells to NK cells is not fully understood. Here we demonstrated that human CD44+CD24- breast CSCs were shown enhanced sensitivity to IL-2 and IL-15 activated NK cells. CD44+CD24- CSCs expressed higher levels of NKG2D ligands ULBP1, ULBP2 and MICA. Blockade assay showed that the sensitivity of CSCs to NK cells-mediated lysis was mainly dependent on NKG2D. Furthermore, redox oxygen species (ROS)-low tumor cells were more sensitive to NK cells. The presence of antioxidant enzymes inhibitor L-S,R-buthionine sulfoximine or H2O2 retarded the cytotoxicity of NK cells to CD44+CD24- CSCs. In addition, NK cells could readily target CD133+ colonal CSCs. Our findings provide novel targets for NK cells-based immunotherapy and are of great importance for translational medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
| | - Guoping Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Sisi He
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Qin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Jianhong Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, PR China
| | - Yongsheng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, PR China.
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24
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Nolta JA. New advances in understanding stem cell fate and function. Stem Cells 2015; 33:313-5. [PMID: 25446041 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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25
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Fatima F, Nawaz M. Stem cell-derived exosomes: roles in stromal remodeling, tumor progression, and cancer immunotherapy. CHINESE JOURNAL OF CANCER 2015; 34:541-53. [PMID: 26369565 PMCID: PMC4593342 DOI: 10.1186/s40880-015-0051-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2015] [Accepted: 07/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Stem cells are known to maintain stemness at least in part through secreted factors that promote stem-like phenotypes in resident cells. Accumulating evidence has clarified that stem cells release nano-vesicles, known as exosomes, which may serve as mediators of cell-to-cell communication and may potentially transmit stem cell phenotypes to recipient cells, facilitating stem cell maintenance, differentiation, self-renewal, and repair. It has become apparent that stem cell-derived exosomes mediate interactions among stromal elements, promote genetic instability in recipient cells, and induce malignant transformation. This review will therefore discuss the potential of stem cell-derived exosomes in the context of stromal remodeling and their ability to generate cancer-initiating cells in a tumor niche by inducing morphologic and functional differentiation of fibroblasts into tumor-initiating fibroblasts. In addition, the immunosuppressive potential of stem cell-derived exosomes in cancer immunotherapy and their prospective applications in cell-free therapies in future translational medicine is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farah Fatima
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil. .,Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, 480, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Muhammad Nawaz
- Department of Pathology and Forensic Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Ribeirao Preto, University of Sao Paulo, Av. Bandeirantes, 3900, Ribeirao Preto, Sao Paulo, Brazil. .,Department of Rheumatology and Inflammation Research, University of Gothenburg, 480, 40530, Gothenburg, Sweden.
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26
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Rong XX, Wei F, Lin XL, Qin YJ, Chen L, Wang HY, Shen HF, Jia LT, Xie RY, Lin TY, Hao WC, Yang J, Yang S, Cheng YS, Huang WH, Li AM, Sun Y, Luo RC, Xiao D. Recognition and killing of cancer stem-like cell population in hepatocellular carcinoma cells by cytokine-induced killer cells via NKG2d-ligands recognition. Oncoimmunology 2015; 5:e1086060. [PMID: 27141341 PMCID: PMC4839362 DOI: 10.1080/2162402x.2015.1086060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 08/16/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
There is an urgent need for more potent and safer approaches to eradicate cancer stem cells (CSCs) for curing cancer. In this study, we investigate cancer-killing activity (CKA) of cytokine-induced killer (CIK) cells against CSCs of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). To visualize CSCs in vitro by fluorescence imaging, and image and quantify CSCs in tumor xenograft-bearing mice by bioluminescence imaging, HCC cells were engineered with CSC detector vector encoding GFP and luciferase controlled by Nanog promoter. We found that CIK cells have a strong CKA in vitro against putative CSCs of HCC, as shown by tumorsphere formation and time-lapse imaging. Additionally, time-lapse recording firstly revealed that putative CSCs were attacked simultaneously by many CIK cells and finally eradicated by CIK cells, indicating the necessity of achieving sufficient effector-to-target ratios. We firstly illustrated that anti-NKG2D antibody blocking partially but significantly inhibited CKA of CIK cells against putative CSCs. More importantly, intravenous infusion of CIK cells remarkably delayed tumor growth in mice with a significant decrease in putative CSC number monitored by bioluminescence imaging. Taken together, these findings demonstrate CKA of CIK cells against putative CSCs of HCC, at least in part, by NKG2D-ligands recognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Xiang Rong
- Department of Oncology, Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Department of Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Wei
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Lin Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Juan Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui-Yan Wang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Hong-Fen Shen
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Li-Ting Jia
- Department of Pathology, Guilin Medical College , Guilin, China
| | - Rao-Ying Xie
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Tao-Yan Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Wei-Chao Hao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Yang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Yu-Shuang Cheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Wen-Hua Huang
- Department of Anatomy, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Construction and Detection in Tissue Engineering , School of Basic Medical Science, Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Ai-Min Li
- Department of Oncology, Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Children's Hospital Boston, Harvard Medical School , Boston, MA, USA
| | - Rong-Cheng Luo
- Department of Oncology, Traditional Chinese Medicine-Integrated Hospital , Southern Medical University , Guangzhou, China
| | - Dong Xiao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Cancer Immunotherapy and Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunology Research, Cancer Research Institute, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China; Institute of Comparative Medicine & Laboratory Animal Center, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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27
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Imprinted genes in myeloid lineage commitment in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Leukemia 2015; 29:1233-42. [PMID: 25703588 DOI: 10.1038/leu.2015.47] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2014] [Revised: 01/27/2015] [Accepted: 02/16/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Genomic imprinting is characterized by the parent-of-origin monoallelic expression of several diploid genes because of epigenetic regulation. Imprinted genes (IGs) are key factors in development, supporting the ability of a genotype to produce phenotypes in response to environmental stimuli. IGs are highly expressed during prenatal stages but are downregulated after birth. They also affect aspects of life other than growth such as cognition, behavior, adaption to novel environments, social dominance and memory consolidation. Deregulated genomic imprinting leads to developmental disorders and is associated with solid and blood cancer as well. Several data have been published highlighting the involvement of IGs in as early as the very small embryonic-like stem cells stage and further during myeloid lineage commitment in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. Therefore, we have assembled the current knowledge on the topic, based mainly on recent findings, trying not to focus on a particular cluster but rather to have a global view of several different IGs in hematopoiesis.
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28
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Lappin TRJ. Editorial: Sibling synergy. Stem Cells 2014; 33:316-7. [PMID: 25504305 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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29
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Lappin TRJ. Sibling synergy. Stem Cells Transl Med 2014; 4:2-3. [PMID: 25473083 DOI: 10.5966/sctm.2014-0263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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30
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Yuan X, Wu H, Han N, Xu H, Chu Q, Yu S, Chen Y, Wu K. Notch signaling and EMT in non-small cell lung cancer: biological significance and therapeutic application. J Hematol Oncol 2014; 7:87. [PMID: 25477004 PMCID: PMC4267749 DOI: 10.1186/s13045-014-0087-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 11/12/2014] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Through epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), cancer cells acquire enhanced ability of migration and invasion, stem cell like characteristics and therapeutic resistance. Notch signaling regulates cell-cell connection, cell polarity and motility during organ development. Recent studies demonstrate that Notch signaling plays an important role in lung cancer initiation and cross-talks with several transcriptional factors to enhance EMT, contributing to the progression of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Correspondingly, blocking of Notch signaling inhibits NSCLC migration and tumor growth by reversing EMT. Clinical trials have showed promising effect in some cancer patients received treatment with Notch1 inhibitor. This review attempts to provide an overview of the Notch signal in NSCLC: its biological significance and therapeutic application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xun Yuan
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Building 303, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, P.R. China.
| | - Hua Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Building 303, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, P.R. China.
| | - Na Han
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Building 303, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, P.R. China.
| | - Hanxiao Xu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Building 303, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, P.R. China.
| | - Qian Chu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Building 303, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, P.R. China.
| | - Shiying Yu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Building 303, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, P.R. China.
| | - Yuan Chen
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Building 303, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, P.R. China.
| | - Kongming Wu
- Department of Oncology, Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Building 303, 1095 Jie Fang Avenue, Wuhan, 430030, P.R. China.
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