1
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Ling B, Xu Y, Qian S, Xiang Z, Xuan S, Wu J. Regulation of hematopoietic stem cells differentiation, self-renewal, and quiescence through the mTOR signaling pathway. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1186850. [PMID: 37228652 PMCID: PMC10203478 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1186850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are important for the hematopoietic system because they can self-renew to increase their number and differentiate into all the blood cells. At a steady state, most of the HSCs remain in quiescence to preserve their capacities and protect themselves from damage and exhaustive stress. However, when there are some emergencies, HSCs are activated to start their self-renewal and differentiation. The mTOR signaling pathway has been shown as an important signaling pathway that can regulate the differentiation, self-renewal, and quiescence of HSCs, and many types of molecules can regulate HSCs' these three potentials by influencing the mTOR signaling pathway. Here we review how mTOR signaling pathway regulates HSCs three potentials, and introduce some molecules that can work as the regulator of HSCs' these potentials through the mTOR signaling. Finally, we outline the clinical significance of studying the regulation of HSCs three potentials through the mTOR signaling pathway and make some predictions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bai Ling
- Department of Pharmacy, The Yancheng Clinical College of Xuzhou Medical University, The First People’s Hospital of Yancheng, Yancheng, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunyang Xu
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siyuan Qian
- The Second School of Clinical Medicine, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, China
| | - Ze Xiang
- Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shihai Xuan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, The People’s Hospital of Dongtai City, Dongtai, China
| | - Jian Wu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, Gusu School, Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, Jiangsu, China
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2
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Cell-intrinsic factors governing quiescence vis-à-vis activation of adult hematopoietic stem cells. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 478:1361-1382. [PMID: 36309884 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04594-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoiesis is a highly complex process, regulated by both intrinsic and extrinsic factors. Often, these two regulatory arms work in tandem to maintain the steady-state condition of hematopoiesis. However, at times, certain intrinsic attributes of hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) override the external stimuli and dominate the outcome. These could be genetic events like mutations or environmentally induced epigenetic or transcriptomic changes. Since leukemic stem cells (LSCs) share molecular pathways that also regulate normal HSCs, identifying specific, dominantly acting intrinsic factors could help in the development of novel therapeutic approaches. Here we have reviewed such dominantly acting intrinsic factors governing quiescence vis-à-vis activation of the HSCs in the face of external forces acting on them. For brevity, we have restricted our review to the articles dealing with adult HSCs of human and mouse origin that have been published in the last 10 years. Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are closely associated with various stromal cells in their microenvironment and, thus, constantly receive signaling cues from them. The illustration depicts some dominantly acting intrinsic or cell-autonomous factors operative in the HSCs. These fall into various categories, such as epigenetic regulators, transcription factors, cell cycle regulators, tumor suppressor genes, signaling pathways, and metabolic regulators, which counteract the outcome of extrinsic signaling exerted by the HSC niche.
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3
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Hematopoietic Stem Cell Mobilization: Current Collection Approaches, Stem Cell Heterogeneity, and a Proposed New Method for Stem Cell Transplant Conditioning. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1939-1953. [PMID: 34661830 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-021-10272-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells naturally traffic out of their bone marrow niches into the peripheral blood. This natural trafficking process can be enhanced with numerous pharmacologic agents - a process termed "mobilization" - and the mobilized stem cells can be collected for transplantation. We review the current state of mobilization with an update on recent clinical trials and new biologic mechanisms regulating stem cell trafficking. We propose that hematopoietic mobilization can be used to answer questions regarding hematopoietic stem cell heterogeneity, can be used for non-toxic conditioning of patients receiving stem cell transplants, and can enhance gene editing and gene therapy strategies to cure genetic diseases.
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4
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Mochizuki-Kashio M, Shiozaki H, Suda T, Nakamura-Ishizu A. Mitochondria Turnover and Lysosomal Function in Hematopoietic Stem Cell Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:4627. [PMID: 33924874 PMCID: PMC8124492 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22094627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in a hypoxic microenvironment that enables glycolysis-fueled metabolism and reduces oxidative stress. Nonetheless, metabolic regulation in organelles such as the mitochondria and lysosomes as well as autophagic processes have been implicated as essential for the determination of HSC cell fate. This review encompasses the current understanding of anaerobic metabolism in HSCs as well as the emerging roles of mitochondrial metabolism and lysosomal regulation for hematopoietic homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makiko Mochizuki-Kashio
- Microanatomy and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8-1 Kawadacho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan;
| | - Hiroko Shiozaki
- Department of Hematology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8-1 Kawadacho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan;
| | - Toshio Suda
- Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 14 Medical Drive, MD6, Singapore 117599, Singapore;
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto City 860-0811, Japan
| | - Ayako Nakamura-Ishizu
- Microanatomy and Developmental Biology, Tokyo Women’s Medical University, 8-1 Kawadacho, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 162-8666, Japan;
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5
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Ramirez Reyes JMJ, Cuesta R, Pause A. Folliculin: A Regulator of Transcription Through AMPK and mTOR Signaling Pathways. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:667311. [PMID: 33981707 PMCID: PMC8107286 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.667311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Folliculin (FLCN) is a tumor suppressor gene responsible for the inherited Birt-Hogg-Dubé (BHD) syndrome, which affects kidneys, skin and lungs. FLCN is a highly conserved protein that forms a complex with folliculin interacting proteins 1 and 2 (FNIP1/2). Although its sequence does not show homology to known functional domains, structural studies have determined a role of FLCN as a GTPase activating protein (GAP) for small GTPases such as Rag GTPases. FLCN GAP activity on the Rags is required for the recruitment of mTORC1 and the transcriptional factors TFEB and TFE3 on the lysosome, where mTORC1 phosphorylates and inactivates these factors. TFEB/TFE3 are master regulators of lysosomal biogenesis and function, and autophagy. By this mechanism, FLCN/FNIP complex participates in the control of metabolic processes. AMPK, a key regulator of catabolism, interacts with FLCN/FNIP complex. FLCN loss results in constitutive activation of AMPK, which suggests an additional mechanism by which FLCN/FNIP may control metabolism. AMPK regulates the expression and activity of the transcriptional cofactors PGC1α/β, implicated in the control of mitochondrial biogenesis and oxidative metabolism. In this review, we summarize our current knowledge of the interplay between mTORC1, FLCN/FNIP, and AMPK and their implications in the control of cellular homeostasis through the transcriptional activity of TFEB/TFE3 and PGC1α/β. Other pathways and cellular processes regulated by FLCN will be briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Josué M. J. Ramirez Reyes
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Rafael Cuesta
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
| | - Arnim Pause
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, QC, Canada
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6
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Paquette M, El-Houjeiri L, C Zirden L, Puustinen P, Blanchette P, Jeong H, Dejgaard K, Siegel PM, Pause A. AMPK-dependent phosphorylation is required for transcriptional activation of TFEB and TFE3. Autophagy 2021; 17:3957-3975. [PMID: 33734022 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1898748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased macroautophagy/autophagy and lysosomal activity promote tumor growth, survival and chemo-resistance. During acute starvation, autophagy is rapidly engaged by AMPK (AMP-activated protein kinase) activation and MTOR (mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase) complex 1 (MTORC1) inhibition to maintain energy homeostasis and cell survival. TFEB (transcription factor E3) and TFE3 (transcription factor binding to IGHM enhancer 3) are master transcriptional regulators of autophagy and lysosomal activity and their cytoplasm/nuclear shuttling is controlled by MTORC1-dependent multisite phosphorylation. However, it is not known whether and how the transcriptional activity of TFEB or TFE3 is regulated. We show that AMPK mediates phosphorylation of TFEB and TFE3 on three serine residues, leading to TFEB and TFE3 transcriptional activity upon nutrient starvation, FLCN (folliculin) depletion and pharmacological manipulation of MTORC1 or AMPK. Collectively, we show that MTORC1 specifically controls TFEB and TFE3 cytosolic retention, whereas AMPK is essential for TFEB and TFE3 transcriptional activity. This dual and opposing regulation of TFEB and TFE3 by MTORC1 and AMPK is reminiscent of the regulation of another critical regulator of autophagy, ULK1 (unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1). Surprisingly, we show that chemoresistance is mediated by AMPK-dependent activation of TFEB, which is abolished by pharmacological inhibition of AMPK or mutation of serine 466, 467 and 469 to alanine residues within TFEB. Altogether, we show that AMPK is a key regulator of TFEB and TFE3 transcriptional activity, and we validate AMPK as a promising target in cancer therapy to evade chemotherapeutic resistance.AbbreviationsACACA: acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha; ACTB: actin beta; AICAR: 5-aminoimidazole-4-carboxamide ribonucleotide; AMPK: AMP-activated protein kinase; AMPKi: AMPK inhibitor, SBI-0206965; CA: constitutively active; CARM1: coactivator-associated arginine methyltransferase 1; CFP: cyan fluorescent protein; CLEAR: coordinated lysosomal expression and regulation; DKO: double knock-out; DMEM: Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium; DMSO: dimethyl sulfoxide; DQ-BSA: self-quenched BODIPY® dye conjugates of bovine serum albumin; EBSS: Earle's balanced salt solution; FLCN: folliculin; GFP: green fluorescent protein; GST: glutathione S-transferases; HD: Huntington disease; HTT: huntingtin; KO: knock-out; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; MEF: mouse embryonic fibroblasts; MITF: melanocyte inducing transcription factor; MTORC1: MTOR complex 1; PolyQ: polyglutamine; RPS6: ribosomal protein S6; RT-qPCR: reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction; TCL: total cell lysates; TFE3: transcription factor binding to IGHM enhancer 3; TFEB: transcription factor EB; TKO: triple knock-out; ULK1: unc-51 like autophagy activating kinase 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathieu Paquette
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Leeanna El-Houjeiri
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Linda C Zirden
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Pietri Puustinen
- Cell Death and Metabolism, Danish Cancer Society Research Center (DCRC), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Paola Blanchette
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Hyeonju Jeong
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Kurt Dejgaard
- Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Peter M Siegel
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Arnim Pause
- Goodman Cancer Research Center, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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7
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Wang X, Wu H, Zhao L, Liu Z, Qi M, Jin Y, Liu W. FLCN regulates transferrin receptor 1 transport and iron homeostasis. J Biol Chem 2021; 296:100426. [PMID: 33609526 PMCID: PMC7995610 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2021.100426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Birt–Hogg–Dubé (BHD) syndrome is a multiorgan disorder caused by inactivation of the folliculin (FLCN) protein. Previously, we identified FLCN as a binding protein of Rab11A, a key regulator of the endocytic recycling pathway. This finding implies that the abnormal localization of specific proteins whose transport requires the FLCN-Rab11A complex may contribute to BHD. Here, we used human kidney-derived HEK293 cells as a model, and we report that FLCN promotes the binding of Rab11A with transferrin receptor 1 (TfR1), which is required for iron uptake through continuous trafficking between the cell surface and the cytoplasm. Loss of FLCN attenuated the Rab11A–TfR1 interaction, resulting in delayed recycling transport of TfR1. This delay caused an iron deficiency condition that induced hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) activity, which was reversed by iron supplementation. In a Drosophila model of BHD syndrome, we further demonstrated that the phenotype of BHD mutant larvae was substantially rescued by an iron-rich diet. These findings reveal a conserved function of FLCN in iron metabolism and may help to elucidate the mechanisms driving BHD syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, China
| | - Hanjie Wu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, China
| | - Lingling Zhao
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, China
| | - Zeyao Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, China
| | - Maozhen Qi
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, China
| | - Yaping Jin
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, China.
| | - Wei Liu
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shanxi, China.
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8
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Blood and lymphatic systems are segregated by the FLCN tumor suppressor. Nat Commun 2020; 11:6314. [PMID: 33298956 PMCID: PMC7725783 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20156-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 11/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood and lymphatic vessels structurally bear a strong resemblance but never share a lumen, thus maintaining their distinct functions. Although lymphatic vessels initially arise from embryonic veins, the molecular mechanism that maintains separation of these two systems has not been elucidated. Here, we show that genetic deficiency of Folliculin, a tumor suppressor, leads to misconnection of blood and lymphatic vessels in mice and humans. Absence of Folliculin results in the appearance of lymphatic-biased venous endothelial cells caused by ectopic expression of Prox1, a master transcription factor for lymphatic specification. Mechanistically, this phenotype is ascribed to nuclear translocation of the basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor Transcription Factor E3 (TFE3), binding to a regulatory element of Prox1, thereby enhancing its venous expression. Overall, these data demonstrate that Folliculin acts as a gatekeeper that maintains separation of blood and lymphatic vessels by limiting the plasticity of committed endothelial cells. Blood and lymphatic vessels bear a strong resemblance but do not share a lumen, thus maintaining their distinct functions. Here, the authors describe that Folliculin, a tumor suppressor, prevents the fusion of these vessels during development by limiting the plasticity of venous and lymphatic endothelial cells.
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9
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Kennedy JC, Khabibullin D, Hougard T, Nijmeh J, Shi W, Henske EP. Loss of FLCN inhibits canonical WNT signaling via TFE3. Hum Mol Genet 2020; 28:3270-3281. [PMID: 31272105 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz158] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2019] [Revised: 06/10/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Lower lobe predominant pulmonary cysts occur in up to 90% of patients with Birt-Hogg-Dubé (BHD) syndrome, but the key pathologic cell type and signaling events driving this distinct phenotype remain elusive. Through examination of the LungMAP database, we found that folliculin (FLCN) is highly expressed in neonatal lung mesenchymal cells. Using RNA-Seq, we found that inactivation of Flcn in mouse embryonic fibroblasts leads to changes in multiple Wnt ligands, including a 2.8-fold decrease in Wnt2. This was associated with decreased TCF/LEF activity, a readout of canonical WNT activity, after treatment with a GSK3-α/β inhibitor. Similarly, FLCN deficiency in HEK293T cells decreased WNT pathway activity by 76% post-GSK3-α/β inhibition. Inactivation of FLCN in human fetal lung fibroblasts (MRC-5) led to ~ 100-fold decrease in Wnt2 expression and a 33-fold decrease in Wnt7b expression-two ligands known to be necessary for lung development. Furthermore, canonical WNT activity was decreased by 60%. Classic WNT targets such as AXIN2 and BMP4, and WNT enhanceosome members including TCF4, LEF1 and BCL9 were also decreased after GSK3-α/β inhibition. FLCN-deficient MRC-5 cells failed to upregulate LEF1 in response to GSK3-α/β inhibition. Finally, we found that a constitutively active β-catenin could only partially rescue the decreased WNT activity phenotype seen in FLCN-deficient cells, whereas silencing the transcription factor TFE3 completely reversed this phenotype. In summary, our data establish FLCN as a critical regulator of the WNT pathway via TFE3 and suggest that FLCN-dependent defects in WNT pathway developmental cues may contribute to lung cyst pathogenesis in BHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- John C Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA.,Division of Pulmonary and Respiratory Diseases, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Damir Khabibullin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Thomas Hougard
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Julie Nijmeh
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wei Shi
- Department of Surgery, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA 90033, USA
| | - Elizabeth P Henske
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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10
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Feng J, Zuo X, Gui L, Qi J, Guo X, Lv Q, Zhang Y, Fang L, Zhang X, Gu J, Lin Z. Genetic basis of relapsing polychondritis revealed by family‐based whole‐exome sequencing. Int J Rheum Dis 2020; 23:641-646. [PMID: 32107856 DOI: 10.1111/1756-185x.13809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2019] [Revised: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junmei Feng
- Department of Rheumatology Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Xiaoyu Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Cancer Center Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Lian Gui
- Department of Rheumatology Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Jun Qi
- Department of Rheumatology Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Xinghua Guo
- Department of Rheumatology Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Qing Lv
- Department of Rheumatology Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Yanli Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Linkai Fang
- Department of Rheumatology Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Xi Zhang
- Department of Rheumatology Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Jieruo Gu
- Department of Rheumatology Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
| | - Zhiming Lin
- Department of Rheumatology Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat‐Sen University Guangzhou China
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11
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Isono Y, Furuya M, Kuwahara T, Sano D, Suzuki K, Jikuya R, Mitome T, Otake S, Kawahara T, Ito Y, Muraoka K, Nakaigawa N, Kimura Y, Baba M, Nagahama K, Takahata H, Saito I, Schmidt LS, Linehan WM, Kodama T, Yao M, Oridate N, Hasumi H. FLCN alteration drives metabolic reprogramming towards nucleotide synthesis and cyst formation in salivary gland. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2020; 522:931-938. [PMID: 31806376 PMCID: PMC8195446 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2019.11.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
FLCN is a tumor suppressor gene which controls energy homeostasis through regulation of a variety of metabolic pathways including mitochondrial oxidative metabolism and autophagy. Birt-Hogg-Dubé (BHD) syndrome which is driven by germline alteration of the FLCN gene, predisposes patients to develop kidney cancer, cutaneous fibrofolliculomas, pulmonary cysts and less frequently, salivary gland tumors. Here, we report metabolic roles for FLCN in the salivary gland as well as their clinical relevance. Screening of salivary glands of BHD patients using ultrasonography demonstrated increased cyst formation in the salivary gland. Salivary gland tumors that developed in BHD patients exhibited an upregulated mTOR-S6R pathway as well as increased GPNMB expression, which are characteristics of FLCN-deficient cells. Salivary gland-targeted Flcn knockout mice developed cytoplasmic clear cell formation in ductal cells with increased mitochondrial biogenesis, upregulated mTOR-S6K pathway, upregulated TFE3-GPNMB axis and upregulated lipid metabolism. Proteomic and metabolite analysis using LC/MS and GC/MS revealed that Flcn inactivation in salivary gland triggers metabolic reprogramming towards the pentose phosphate pathway which consequently upregulates nucleotide synthesis and redox regulation, further supporting that Flcn controls metabolic homeostasis in salivary gland. These data uncover important roles for FLCN in salivary gland; metabolic reprogramming under FLCN deficiency might increase nucleotide production which may feed FLCN-deficient salivary gland cells to trigger tumor initiation and progression, providing mechanistic insight into salivary gland tumorigenesis as well as a foundation for development of novel therapeutics for salivary gland tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Isono
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Furuya
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Tatsu Kuwahara
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Daisuke Sano
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Kae Suzuki
- Department of Urology, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | | | - Taku Mitome
- Department of Urology, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Shinji Otake
- Department of Urology, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | | | - Yusuke Ito
- Department of Urology, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | | | | | - Yayoi Kimura
- Advanced Medical Research Center, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
| | - Masaya Baba
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, 860-0811, Japan
| | - Kiyotaka Nagahama
- Department of Pathology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyorin University, Mitaka, Tokyo, 181-8611, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Takahata
- Department of Pathology, Shikoku Cancer Center, Matsuyama, Ehime, 791-0280, Japan
| | - Ichiro Saito
- Department of Pathology, Tsurumi University School of Dental Medicine, Yokohama, 230-8501, Japan
| | - Laura S Schmidt
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA; Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - W Marston Linehan
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Tatsuhiko Kodama
- Laboratory for Systems Biology and Medicine, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 153-8904, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yao
- Department of Urology, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan
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12
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Endoh M, Baba M, Endoh T, Hirayama A, Nakamura-Ishizu A, Umemoto T, Hashimoto M, Nagashima K, Soga T, Lang M, Schmidt LS, Linehan WM, Suda T. A FLCN-TFE3 Feedback Loop Prevents Excessive Glycogenesis and Phagocyte Activation by Regulating Lysosome Activity. Cell Rep 2020; 30:1823-1834.e5. [PMID: 32049013 PMCID: PMC8459211 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2020.01.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2019] [Revised: 12/11/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The tumor suppressor folliculin (FLCN) suppresses nuclear translocation of TFE3, a master transcription factor for lysosomal biogenesis, via regulation of amino-acid-sensing Rag GTPases. However, the importance of this lysosomal regulation in mammalian physiology remains unclear. Following hematopoietic-lineage-specific Flcn deletion in mice, we found expansion of vacuolated phagocytes that accumulate glycogen in their cytoplasm, phenotypes reminiscent of lysosomal storage disorder (LSD). We report that TFE3 acts in a feedback loop to transcriptionally activate FLCN expression, and FLCN loss disrupts this loop, augmenting TFE3 activity. Tfe3 deletion in Flcn knockout mice reduces the number of phagocytes and ameliorates LSD-like phenotypes. We further reveal that TFE3 stimulates glycogenesis by promoting the expression of glycogenesis genes, including Gys1 and Gyg, upon loss of Flcn. Taken together, we propose that the FLCN-TFE3 feedback loop acts as a rheostat to control lysosome activity and prevents excessive glycogenesis and LSD-like phagocyte activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuhiro Endoh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore 117599, Singapore; International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan; Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics (IMEG), Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan.
| | - Masaya Baba
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan; Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA.
| | - Tamie Endoh
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore 117599, Singapore; International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan; Institute of Molecular Embryology and Genetics (IMEG), Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Akiyoshi Hirayama
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Ayako Nakamura-Ishizu
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore 117599, Singapore; International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Terumasa Umemoto
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Michihiro Hashimoto
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan
| | - Kunio Nagashima
- Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced Biosciences, Keio University, Tsuruoka, Yamagata 997-0052, Japan
| | - Martin Lang
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Laura S Schmidt
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA; Basic Science Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research sponsored by the National Cancer Institute, Frederick, MD 21702, USA
| | - W Marston Linehan
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA
| | - Toshio Suda
- Cancer Science Institute of Singapore, National University of Singapore, Centre for Translational Medicine, Singapore 117599, Singapore; International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS), Kumamoto University, 2-2-1 Honjo, Chuo-ku, Kumamoto 860-0811, Japan.
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13
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Ramírez JA, Iwata T, Park H, Tsang M, Kang J, Cui K, Kwong W, James RG, Baba M, Schmidt LS, Iritani BM. Folliculin Interacting Protein 1 Maintains Metabolic Homeostasis during B Cell Development by Modulating AMPK, mTORC1, and TFE3. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2019; 203:2899-2908. [PMID: 31676673 PMCID: PMC6864314 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1900395] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Folliculin interacting protein 1 (Fnip1) is a cytoplasmic protein originally discovered through its interaction with the master metabolic sensor 5' AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) and Folliculin, a protein mutated in individuals with Birt-Hogg-Dubé Syndrome. In response to low energy, AMPK stimulates catabolic pathways such as autophagy to enhance energy production while inhibiting anabolic pathways regulated by the mechanistic target of rapamycin complex 1 (mTORC1). We previously found that constitutive disruption of Fnip1 in mice resulted in a lack of peripheral B cells because of a block in B cell development at the pre-B cell stage. Both AMPK and mTORC1 were activated in Fnip1-deficient B cell progenitors. In this study, we found inappropriate mTOR localization at the lysosome under nutrient-depleted conditions. Ex vivo lysine or arginine depletion resulted in increased apoptosis. Genetic inhibition of AMPK, inhibition of mTORC1, or restoration of cell viability with a Bcl-xL transgene failed to rescue B cell development in Fnip1-deficient mice. Fnip1-deficient B cell progenitors exhibited increased nuclear localization of transcription factor binding to IgHM enhancer 3 (TFE3) in developing B cells, which correlated with an increased expression of TFE3-target genes, increased lysosome numbers and function, and increased autophagic flux. These results indicate that Fnip1 modulates autophagy and energy response pathways in part through the regulation of AMPK, mTORC1, and TFE3 in B cell progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julita A Ramírez
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Terri Iwata
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Heon Park
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Mark Tsang
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Janella Kang
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Katy Cui
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | - Winnie Kwong
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195
| | | | - Masaya Baba
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
| | - Laura S Schmidt
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892; and
- Basic Sciences Program, Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD 21702
| | - Brian M Iritani
- Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195;
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14
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Li J, Wada S, Weaver LK, Biswas C, Behrens EM, Arany Z. Myeloid Folliculin balances mTOR activation to maintain innate immunity homeostasis. JCI Insight 2019; 5:126939. [PMID: 30843872 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.126939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The mTOR pathway is central to most cells. How mTOR is activated in macrophages and modulates macrophage physiology remain poorly understood. The tumor suppressor Folliculin (FLCN) is a GAP for RagC/D, a regulator of mTOR. We show here that LPS potently suppresses FLCN in macrophages, allowing nuclear translocation of the transcription factor TFE3, leading to lysosome biogenesis, cytokine production, and hypersensitivity to inflammatory signals. Nuclear TFE3 additionally activates a transcriptional RagD positive feedback loop that stimulates FLCN-independent canonical mTOR signaling to S6K and increases cellular proliferation. LPS thus simultaneously suppresses the TFE3 arm and activates the S6K arm of mTOR. In vivo, mice lacking myeloid FLCN reveal chronic macrophage activation, leading to profound histiocytic infiltration and tissue disruption, with hallmarks of human histiocytic syndromes like Erdheim-Chester Disease. Our data thus identify a critical FLCN-mTOR-TFE3 axis in myeloid cells, modulated by LPS, that balances mTOR activation and curbs innate immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Aerospace Medicine, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Shogo Wada
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lehn K Weaver
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Chhanda Biswas
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Edward M Behrens
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Rheumatology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Zoltan Arany
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Institute, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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15
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Mathieu J, Detraux D, Kuppers D, Wang Y, Cavanaugh C, Sidhu S, Levy S, Robitaille AM, Ferreccio A, Bottorff T, McAlister A, Somasundaram L, Artoni F, Battle S, Hawkins RD, Moon RT, Ware CB, Paddison PJ, Ruohola-Baker H. Folliculin regulates mTORC1/2 and WNT pathways in early human pluripotency. Nat Commun 2019; 10:632. [PMID: 30733432 PMCID: PMC6367455 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-018-08020-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2017] [Accepted: 12/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
To reveal how cells exit human pluripotency, we designed a CRISPR-Cas9 screen exploiting the metabolic and epigenetic differences between naïve and primed pluripotent cells. We identify the tumor suppressor, Folliculin(FLCN) as a critical gene required for the exit from human pluripotency. Here we show that FLCN Knock-out (KO) hESCs maintain the naïve pluripotent state but cannot exit the state since the critical transcription factor TFE3 remains active in the nucleus. TFE3 targets up-regulated in FLCN KO exit assay are members of Wnt pathway and ESRRB. Treatment of FLCN KO hESC with a Wnt inhibitor, but not ESRRB/FLCN double mutant, rescues the cells, allowing the exit from the naïve state. Using co-immunoprecipitation and mass spectrometry analysis we identify unique FLCN binding partners. The interactions of FLCN with components of the mTOR pathway (mTORC1 and mTORC2) reveal a mechanism of FLCN function during exit from naïve pluripotency. The pathways involved in exit from pluripotency in human embryonic stem cells are poorly understood. Here, the authors performed a CRISPR-based screen to identify genes that promote exit from naïve pluripotency and find a role for folliculin (FLCN) by regulating the mTOR and Wnt pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mathieu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - D Detraux
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Laboratory of Cellular Biochemistry and Biology (URBC), University of Namur, Namur, 5000, Belgium
| | - D Kuppers
- Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - Y Wang
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Paul G. Allen School of Computer Science & Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - C Cavanaugh
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - S Sidhu
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - S Levy
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - A M Robitaille
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - A Ferreccio
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - T Bottorff
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - A McAlister
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - L Somasundaram
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - F Artoni
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - S Battle
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Department of Medical Genetics & Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - R D Hawkins
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Department of Medical Genetics & Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - R T Moon
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Department of Pharmacology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA
| | - C B Ware
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.,Department of Comparative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA
| | - P J Paddison
- Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA. .,Human Biology Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
| | - H Ruohola-Baker
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98195, USA. .,Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, 98109, USA.
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16
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Zhao L, Ji X, Zhang X, Li L, Jin Y, Liu W. FLCN is a novel Rab11A-interacting protein that is involved in the Rab11A-mediated recycling transport. J Cell Sci 2018; 131:jcs.218792. [PMID: 30446510 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.218792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2018] [Accepted: 11/02/2018] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Birt-Hogg-Dubé (BHD) syndrome related protein FLCN has recently been implicated in the vesicular trafficking processes by interacting with several Rab family GTPases. In the previous studies, we have shown that FLCN could inhibit the binding of overexpressed PAT1, which is a membrane-bound amino acid transporter, to the lysosome in human embryonic kidney 293 cells. This tends to stabilize the lysosomal amino acid pool that is a critical signal to activate the mTORC1 signaling pathway. However, the mechanisms of FLCN during this process remain unexplored. Here we report that FLCN can bind through its C-terminal DENN-like domain to the recycling transport regulator, Rab11A. Suppression of either Rab11A or FLCN facilitated the localization of the overexpressed PAT1 to the lysosome and inhibited its targeting on the plasma membrane. As a consequence, the mTORC1 was down-regulated. The in vitro GEF activity assay does not support FLCN modifies the Rab11A activity directly. Instead, we found FLCN promoted the loading of PAT1 on Rab11A. Our data uncover a function of FLCN in the Rab11A-mediated recycling pathway and might provide new clues to understand BHD.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China 712100
| | - Xin Ji
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China 712100
| | - Xiangxiang Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China 712100
| | - Lin Li
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China 712100
| | - Yaping Jin
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China 712100
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Biotechnology, the Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, China 712100
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17
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Baba M, Endoh M, Ma W, Toyama H, Hirayama A, Nishikawa K, Takubo K, Hano H, Hasumi H, Umemoto T, Hashimoto M, Irie N, Esumi C, Kataoka M, Nakagata N, Soga T, Yao M, Kamba T, Minami T, Ishii M, Suda T. Folliculin Regulates Osteoclastogenesis Through Metabolic Regulation. J Bone Miner Res 2018; 33:1785-1798. [PMID: 29893999 PMCID: PMC6220829 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.3477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 05/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Osteoclast differentiation is a dynamic differentiation process, which is accompanied by dramatic changes in metabolic status as well as in gene expression. Recent findings have revealed an essential connection between metabolic reprogramming and dynamic gene expression changes during osteoclast differentiation. However, the upstream regulatory mechanisms that drive these metabolic changes in osteoclastogenesis remain to be elucidated. Here, we demonstrate that induced deletion of a tumor suppressor gene, Folliculin (Flcn), in mouse osteoclast precursors causes severe osteoporosis in 3 weeks through excess osteoclastogenesis. Flcn-deficient osteoclast precursors reveal cell autonomous accelerated osteoclastogenesis with increased sensitivity to receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL). We demonstrate that Flcn regulates oxidative phosphorylation and purine metabolism through suppression of nuclear localization of the transcription factor Tfe3, thereby inhibiting expression of its target gene Pgc1. Metabolome studies revealed that Flcn-deficient osteoclast precursors exhibit significant augmentation of oxidative phosphorylation and nucleotide production, resulting in an enhanced purinergic signaling loop that is composed of controlled ATP release and autocrine/paracrine purinergic receptor stimulation. Inhibition of this purinergic signaling loop efficiently blocks accelerated osteoclastogenesis in Flcn-deficient osteoclast precursors. Here, we demonstrate an essential and novel role of the Flcn-Tfe3-Pgc1 axis in osteoclastogenesis through the metabolic reprogramming of oxidative phosphorylation and purine metabolism. © 2018 The Authors Journal of Bone and Mineral Research published by Wiley Periodicals, Inc. on behalf of American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaya Baba
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS)Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Mitsuhiro Endoh
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS)Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
- Cancer Science Institute of SingaporeNational University of SingaporeCentre for Translational MedicineSingapore
| | - Wenjuan Ma
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS)Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Hirofumi Toyama
- Department of Cell DifferentiationThe Sakaguchi Laboratory of Developmental BiologySchool of MedicineKeio UniversityTokyoJapan
| | | | - Keizo Nishikawa
- Immunology Frontier Research CenterOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Keiyo Takubo
- Department of Cell DifferentiationThe Sakaguchi Laboratory of Developmental BiologySchool of MedicineKeio UniversityTokyoJapan
- Department of Stem Cell BiologyResearch InstituteNational Center for Global Health and MedicineTokyoJapan
| | - Hiroyuki Hano
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS)Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Hisashi Hasumi
- Department of UrologyYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
| | - Terumasa Umemoto
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS)Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Michihiro Hashimoto
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS)Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Nobuko Irie
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS)Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Chiharu Esumi
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS)Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Miho Kataoka
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS)Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Naomi Nakagata
- Division of Reproductive EngineeringCenter for Animal Resources and Development (CARD)Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Tomoyoshi Soga
- Institute for Advanced BiosciencesKeio UniversityYamagataJapan
| | - Masahiro Yao
- Department of UrologyYokohama City University Graduate School of MedicineYokohamaJapan
| | - Tomomi Kamba
- Department of UrologyFaculty of Life SciencesKumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Takashi Minami
- Division of Molecular and Vascular BiologyInstitute of Resource Development and Analysis (IRDA)Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
| | - Masaru Ishii
- Department of Immunology and Cell BiologyGraduate School of Medicine and Frontier BiosciencesOsaka UniversityOsakaJapan
| | - Toshio Suda
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences (IRCMS)Kumamoto UniversityKumamotoJapan
- Cancer Science Institute of SingaporeNational University of SingaporeCentre for Translational MedicineSingapore
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18
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Hasumi H, Furuya M, Tatsuno K, Yamamoto S, Baba M, Hasumi Y, Isono Y, Suzuki K, Jikuya R, Otake S, Muraoka K, Osaka K, Hayashi N, Makiyama K, Miyoshi Y, Kondo K, Nakaigawa N, Kawahara T, Izumi K, Teranishi J, Yumura Y, Uemura H, Nagashima Y, Metwalli AR, Schmidt LS, Aburatani H, Linehan WM, Yao M. BHD-associated kidney cancer exhibits unique molecular characteristics and a wide variety of variants in chromatin remodeling genes. Hum Mol Genet 2018; 27:2712-2724. [PMID: 29767721 PMCID: PMC6048985 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddy181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2017] [Revised: 05/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Birt-Hogg-Dubé (BHD) syndrome is a hereditary kidney cancer syndrome, which predisposes patients to develop kidney cancer, cutaneous fibrofolliculomas and pulmonary cysts. The responsible gene FLCN is a tumor suppressor for kidney cancer, which plays an important role in energy homeostasis through the regulation of mitochondrial oxidative metabolism. However, the process by which FLCN-deficiency leads to renal tumorigenesis is unclear. In order to clarify molecular pathogenesis of BHD-associated kidney cancer, we conducted whole-exome sequencing analysis using next-generation sequencing technology as well as metabolite analysis using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Whole-exome sequencing analysis of BHD-associated kidney cancer revealed that copy number variations of BHD-associated kidney cancer are considerably different from those already reported in sporadic cases. In somatic variant analysis, very few variants were commonly observed in BHD-associated kidney cancer; however, variants in chromatin remodeling genes were frequently observed in BHD-associated kidney cancer (17/29 tumors, 59%). Metabolite analysis of BHD-associated kidney cancer revealed metabolic reprogramming toward upregulated redox regulation which may neutralize reactive oxygen species potentially produced from mitochondria with increased respiratory capacity under FLCN-deficiency. BHD-associated kidney cancer displays unique molecular characteristics that are completely different from sporadic kidney cancer, providing mechanistic insight into tumorigenesis under FLCN-deficiency as well as a foundation for development of novel therapeutics for kidney cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Hasumi
- Department of Urology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Mitsuko Furuya
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kenji Tatsuno
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Shogo Yamamoto
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaya Baba
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Yukiko Hasumi
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Isono
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kae Suzuki
- Department of Urology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Jikuya
- Department of Urology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shinji Otake
- Department of Urology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kentaro Muraoka
- Department of Urology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kimito Osaka
- Department of Urology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Narihiko Hayashi
- Department of Urology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Yasuhide Miyoshi
- Department of Urology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keiichi Kondo
- Department of Urology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Noboru Nakaigawa
- Department of Urology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takashi Kawahara
- Department of Urology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Koji Izumi
- Department of Urology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | | | - Yasushi Yumura
- Department of Urology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroji Uemura
- Department of Urology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoji Nagashima
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Tokyo Women's Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Adam R Metwalli
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Laura S Schmidt
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
- Basic Science Program, Leidos Biomedical Research, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, MD, USA
| | - Hiroyuki Aburatani
- Genome Science Division, Research Center for Advanced Science and Technology, The University Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - W Marston Linehan
- Urologic Oncology Branch, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Masahiro Yao
- Department of Urology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
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19
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Furuya M, Kobayashi H, Baba M, Ito T, Tanaka R, Nakatani Y. Splice-site mutation causing partial retention of intron in the FLCN gene in Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome: a case report. BMC Med Genomics 2018; 11:42. [PMID: 29720200 PMCID: PMC5930857 DOI: 10.1186/s12920-018-0359-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Birt-Hogg-Dubé syndrome (BHD) is an autosomal dominant disorder caused by germline mutations in the folliculin gene (FLCN). Nearly 150 pathogenic mutations have been identified in FLCN. The most frequent pattern is a frameshift mutation within a coding exon. In addition, splice-site mutations have been reported, and previous studies have confirmed exon skipping in several cases. However, it is poorly understood whether there are any splice-site mutations that cause translation of intron regions in FLCN. Case presentation A 59-year-old Japanese patient with multiple pulmonary cysts and pneumothorax was hospitalized due to dyspnea. BHD was suspected and genetic testing was performed. The patient exhibited the splice-site mutation of FLCN in the 5′ end of intron 9 (c.1062 + 1G > A). Total mRNA was extracted from pulmonary cysts, and RT-PCR assessment and sequence analyses were done. Two distinct bands were generated; one was wild-type and the other was a larger-sized mutant. Sequence analysis of the latter transcript revealed the insertion of 130 base pairs of intron 9 from the beginning of the splice-site between exons 9 and 10. Conclusion To our knowledge, this is the first report of distinct intron insertion using a BHD patient’s diseased tissue-derived mRNA. The present case suggests that a splice-site mutation can lead to exon skipping as well as intron reading mRNA. The splicing process may be dependent in part on whether the donor or acceptor site is affected. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12920-018-0359-5) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitsuko Furuya
- Department of Molecular Pathology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, 3-9 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama, 236-0004, Japan.
| | - Hironori Kobayashi
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Kumamoto Saishunso National Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Masaya Baba
- International Research Center for Medical Sciences, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Takaaki Ito
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Kumamoto Saishunso National Hospital, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Reiko Tanaka
- Medical Mycology Research Center, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yukio Nakatani
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba, Japan
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20
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Hasumi H, Yao M. Hereditary kidney cancer syndromes: Genetic disorders driven by alterations in metabolism and epigenome regulation. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:581-586. [PMID: 29325224 PMCID: PMC5834811 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Although hereditary kidney cancer syndrome accounts for approximately five percent of all kidney cancers, the mechanistic insight into tumor development in these rare conditions has provided the foundation for the development of molecular targeting agents currently used for sporadic kidney cancer. In the late 1980s, the comprehensive study for hereditary kidney cancer syndrome was launched in the National Cancer Institute, USA and the first kidney cancer‐associated gene, VHL, was identified through kindred analysis of von Hippel‐Lindau (VHL) syndrome in 1993. Subsequent molecular studies on VHL function have elucidated that the VHL protein is a component of E3 ubiquitin ligase complex for hypoxia‐inducible factor (HIF), which provided the basis for the development of tyrosine kinase inhibitors targeting the HIF‐VEGF/PDGF pathway. Recent whole‐exome sequencing analysis of sporadic kidney cancer exhibited the recurrent mutations in chromatin remodeling genes and the later study has revealed that several chromatin remodeling genes are altered in kidney cancer kindred at the germline level. To date, more than 10 hereditary kidney cancer syndromes together with each responsible gene have been characterized and most of the causative genes for these genetic disorders are associated with either metabolism or epigenome regulation. In this review article, we describe the molecular mechanisms of how an alteration of each kidney cancer‐associated gene leads to renal tumorigenesis as well as denote therapeutic targets elicited by studies on hereditary kidney cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisashi Hasumi
- Department of Urology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yao
- Department of Urology, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan
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21
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Racioppi L, Lento W, Huang W, Arvai S, Doan PL, Harris JR, Marcon F, Nakaya HI, Liu Y, Chao N. Calcium/calmodulin-dependent kinase kinase 2 regulates hematopoietic stem and progenitor cell regeneration. Cell Death Dis 2017; 8:e3076. [PMID: 28981105 PMCID: PMC5680595 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2017.474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2017] [Revised: 08/04/2017] [Accepted: 08/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) are predominantly quiescent in adults, but proliferate in response to bone marrow (BM) injury. Here, we show that deletion of Ca2+/calmodulin (CaM)-dependent protein kinase kinase 2 (CaMKK2) promotes HSPC regeneration and hematopoietic recovery following radiation injury. Using Camkk2-enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) reporter mice, we found that Camkk2 expression is developmentally regulated in HSPC. Deletion of Camkk2 in HSPC results in a significant downregulation of genes affiliated with the quiescent signature. Accordingly, HSPC from Camkk2 null mice have a high proliferative capability when stimulated in vitro in the presence of BM-derived endothelial cells. In addition, Camkk2 null mice are more resistant to radiation injury and show accelerated hematopoietic recovery, enhanced HSPC regeneration and ultimately a prolonged survival following sublethal or lethal total body irradiation. Mechanistically, we propose that CaMKK2 regulates the HSPC response to hematopoietic damage by coupling radiation signaling to activation of the anti-proliferative AMP-activated protein kinase. Finally, we demonstrated that systemic administration of the small molecule CaMKK2 inhibitor, STO-609, to irradiated mice enhanced HSPC recovery and improved survival. These findings identify CaMKK2 as an important regulator of HSPC regeneration and demonstrate CaMKK2 inhibition is a novel approach to promoting hematopoietic recovery after BM injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luigi Racioppi
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA.,Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
| | - William Lento
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Wei Huang
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Stephanie Arvai
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Phuong L Doan
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Jeffrey R Harris
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Fernando Marcon
- Department of Pathophysiology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Helder I Nakaya
- Department of Pathophysiology and Toxicology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Yaping Liu
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Nelson Chao
- Division of Hematological Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA
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