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Simmons AD, Baumann C, Zhang X, Kamp TJ, De La Fuente R, Palecek SP. Integrated multi-omics analysis identifies features that predict human pluripotent stem cell-derived progenitor differentiation to cardiomyocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2024:S0022-2828(24)00142-1. [PMID: 39222876 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2024.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 07/30/2024] [Accepted: 08/30/2024] [Indexed: 09/04/2024]
Abstract
Human pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hPSC-CMs) are advancing cardiovascular development and disease modeling, drug testing, and regenerative therapies. However, hPSC-CM production is hindered by significant variability in the differentiation process. Establishment of early quality markers to monitor lineage progression and predict terminal differentiation outcomes would address this robustness and reproducibility roadblock in hPSC-CM production. An integrated transcriptomic and epigenomic analysis assesses how attributes of the cardiac progenitor cell (CPC) affect CM differentiation outcome. Resulting analysis identifies predictive markers of CPCs that give rise to high purity CM batches, including TTN, TRIM55, DGKI, MEF2C, MAB21L2, MYL7, LDB3, SLC7A11, MAB21L2, and CALD1. Predictive models developed from these genes provide high accuracy in determining terminal CM purities at the CPC stage. Further, insights into mechanisms of batch failure and dominant non-CM cell types generated in failed batches are elucidated. Namely EMT, MAPK, and WNT signaling emerge as significant drivers of batch divergence, giving rise to off-target populations of fibroblasts/mural cells, skeletal myocytes, epicardial cells, and a non-CPC SLC7A11+ subpopulation. This study demonstrates how integrated multi-omic analysis of progenitor cells can identify quality attributes of that progenitor and predict differentiation outcomes, thereby improving differentiation protocols and increasing process robustness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aaron D Simmons
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Claudia Baumann
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA
| | - Timothy J Kamp
- Department of Cell and Regenerative Biology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | | | - Sean P Palecek
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA.
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Han X, He W, Liang D, Liu X, Zhou J, de Thé H, Zhu J, Yuan H. Creg1 Regulates Erythroid Development via TGF-β/Smad2-Klf1 Axis in Zebrafish. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024:e2402804. [PMID: 38953462 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202402804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2024] [Revised: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024]
Abstract
Understanding the regulation of normal erythroid development will help to develop new potential therapeutic strategies for disorders of the erythroid lineage. Cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes 1 (CREG1) is a glycoprotein that has been implicated in the regulation of tissue homeostasis. However, its role in erythropoiesis remains largely undefined. In this study, it is found that CREG1 expression increases progressively during erythroid differentiation. In zebrafish, creg1 mRNA is preferentially expressed within the intermediate cell mass (ICM)/peripheral blood island (PBI) region where primitive erythropoiesis occurs. Loss of creg1 leads to anemia caused by defective erythroid differentiation and excessive apoptosis of erythroid progenitors. Mechanistically, creg1 deficiency results in reduced activation of TGF-β/Smad2 signaling pathway. Treatment with an agonist of the Smad2 pathway (IDE2) could significantly restore the defective erythroid development in creg1-/- mutants. Further, Klf1, identified as a key target gene downstream of the TGF-β/Smad2 signaling pathway, is involved in creg1 deficiency-induced aberrant erythropoiesis. Thus, this study reveals a previously unrecognized role for Creg1 as a critical regulator of erythropoiesis, mediated at least in part by the TGF-β/Smad2-Klf1 axis. This finding may contribute to the understanding of normal erythropoiesis and the pathogenesis of erythroid disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Wenxin He
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Dongguo Liang
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Xiaohui Liu
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Jun Zhou
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
| | - Hugues de Thé
- CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Université de Paris 7/INSERM/CNRS UMR 944/7212, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Hôpital St. Louis, Paris, 75010, France
| | - Jun Zhu
- CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- Université de Paris 7/INSERM/CNRS UMR 944/7212, Equipe Labellisée Ligue Nationale Contre le Cancer, Hôpital St. Louis, Paris, 75010, France
| | - Hao Yuan
- Shanghai Institute of Hematology, State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, National Research Center for Translational Medicine at Shanghai, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
- CNRS-LIA Hematology and Cancer, Sino-French Research Center for Life Sciences and Genomics, Ruijin Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, 200025, China
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Song H, Tian X, He L, Liu D, Li J, Mei Z, Zhou T, Liu C, He J, Jia X, Yang Z, Yan C, Han Y. CREG1 deficiency impaired myoblast differentiation and skeletal muscle regeneration. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2024; 15:587-602. [PMID: 38272853 PMCID: PMC10995283 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.13427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND CREG1 (cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes 1) is a protein involved in cellular differentiation and homeostasis regulation. However, its role in skeletal muscle satellite cells differentiation and muscle regeneration is poorly understood. This study aimed to investigate the role of CREG1 in myogenesis and muscle regeneration. METHODS RNA sequencing data (GSE8479) was analysed from the Gene Expression Omnibus database (GEO, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi). We generated Creg1 knockdown and skeletal muscle satellite cells specific Creg1 overexpression mice mediated by adeno-associated virus serotype 9 (AAV9), skeletal muscle mature myofibre Creg1 knockout mice (myoblast/Creg1MKO), and control mice Creg1flox/flox (Creg1fl/fl) as in vivo models. The mice were injected into tibialis anterior (TA) muscle with 100 μL of 10 μM cardiotoxin to establish a muscle regeneration model. Creg1fl/fl and Creg1MKO mice were treated with AAV-sh-C-Cbl (2 × 1010 genomic copies/mouse) to silence C-Cbl in the TA muscle. 293T and C2C12 cells were transfected with plasmids using lipofectamine RNAi MAX in vitro. Mass spectrometry analyses and RNA sequencing transcriptomic assay were performed. RESULTS We analysed the transcriptional profiles of the skeletal muscle biopsies from healthy older (N = 25) and younger (N = 26) adult men and women in GSE8479 database, and the results showed that Creg1 was associated with human sarcopenia. We found that Creg1 knockdown mice regenerated less newly formed fibres in response to cardiotoxin injection (~30% reduction, P < 0.01); however, muscle satellite cells specific Creg1 overexpression mice regenerated more newly formed fibres (~20% increase, P < 0.05). AMPKa1 is known as a key mediator in the muscle regeneration process. Our results revealed that CREG1 deficiency inhibited AMPKa1 signalling through C-CBL E3-ubiquitin ligase-mediated AMPKa1 degradation (P < 0.01). C-CBL-mediated AMPKa1 ubiquitination was attributed to the K48-linked polyubiquitination of AMPKa1 at K396 and that the modification played an important role in the regulation of AMPKa1 protein stability. We also found that Creg1MKO mice regenerated less newly formed fibres compared with Creg1fl/fl mice (~30% reduction, P < 0.01). RNA-seq analysis showed that CREG1 deletion in impaired muscles led to the upregulation of inflammation and DKK3 expression. The TA muscles of Creg1MKO mice were injected with AAV-vector or AAV-shC-Cbl, silencing C-CBL (P < 0.01) in the skeletal muscles of Creg1MKO mice significantly improved muscle regeneration induced by CTX injury (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that CREG1 may be a potential therapeutic target for skeletal muscle regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haixu Song
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular DiseaseGeneral Hospital of Northern Theater CommandShenyangChina
| | - Xiaoxiang Tian
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular DiseaseGeneral Hospital of Northern Theater CommandShenyangChina
| | - Lianqi He
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular DiseaseGeneral Hospital of Northern Theater CommandShenyangChina
| | - Dan Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular DiseaseGeneral Hospital of Northern Theater CommandShenyangChina
| | - Jiayin Li
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular DiseaseGeneral Hospital of Northern Theater CommandShenyangChina
| | - Zhu Mei
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular DiseaseGeneral Hospital of Northern Theater CommandShenyangChina
| | - Ting Zhou
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular DiseaseGeneral Hospital of Northern Theater CommandShenyangChina
| | - Chunying Liu
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular DiseaseGeneral Hospital of Northern Theater CommandShenyangChina
| | - Jiaqi He
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular DiseaseGeneral Hospital of Northern Theater CommandShenyangChina
| | - Xiaodong Jia
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular DiseaseGeneral Hospital of Northern Theater CommandShenyangChina
| | - Zheming Yang
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular DiseaseGeneral Hospital of Northern Theater CommandShenyangChina
| | - Chenghui Yan
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular DiseaseGeneral Hospital of Northern Theater CommandShenyangChina
| | - Yaling Han
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, State Key Laboratory of Frigid Zone Cardiovascular DiseaseGeneral Hospital of Northern Theater CommandShenyangChina
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Xiong M, Liu C, Li W, Jiang H, Long W, Zhou M, Yang C, Kazobinka G, Sun Y, Zhao J, Hou T. PABPN1 promotes clear cell renal cell carcinoma progression by suppressing the alternative polyadenylation of SGPL1 and CREG1. Carcinogenesis 2023; 44:576-586. [PMID: 37452741 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgad049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alternative polyadenylation (APA) is an important post-transcriptional regulatory mechanism in cancer development and progression. Poly(A) binding protein nuclear 1 (PABPN1) is a gene that encodes abundant nuclear protein, binds with high affinity to nascent poly(A) tails, and is crucial for 3'-UTR (3'-untranslated region) APA. Although PABPN1 has been recently reported as a dominant master APA regulator in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC), the underlying functional mechanism remain unclear and the genes subject to PABPN1 regulation that contribute to ccRCC progression have not been identified. Here, we found that PABPN1 is upregulated in ccRCC, and its expression is highly associated with the clinical prognosis of ccRCC patients. PABPN1 promotes ccRCC cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and exerts an influence on sphingolipid metabolism and cell cycle. Moreover, PABPN1 depletion significantly suppressed cancer cell growth via induction of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. In particular, we characterized PABPN1-regulated 3'-UTR APA of sphingosine-1-phosphate lyase 1 (SGPL1) and cellular repressor of E1A stimulated genes 1 (CREG1), which contribute to ccRCC progression. Collectively, our data revealed that PABPN1 promotes ccRCC progression at least in part, by suppressing SGPL1 and CREG1. Thus, PABPN1 may be a potential therapeutic target in ccRCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Xiong
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chunyu Liu
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Wencheng Li
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Huiling Jiang
- Department of Urology, South China Hospital, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518116, China
| | - Wulin Long
- Department of Urology, Wuhan Union Jiangbei Hospital, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Menghao Zhou
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Chenlu Yang
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Women and Children Hospital of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - Gallina Kazobinka
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Urology Unit, La Nouvelle Polyclinique Centrale de Bujumbura, Bujumbura 378, Burundi
| | - Yi Sun
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Teng Hou
- Department of Urology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Department of Urology, South China Hospital, Medical School, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518116, China
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5
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Goto A, Endo Y, Yamashita H. CREG1 stimulates AMPK phosphorylation and glucose uptake in skeletal muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2023; 641:162-167. [PMID: 36528955 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2022.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The cellular repressor of adenovirus early region 1A-stimulated gene 1 (CREG1) is a secreted glycoprotein involved in cell differentiation and energy metabolism. It also binds to insulin-like growth factor 2 receptor (IGF2R), a protein implicated in muscle regeneration. However, whether CREG1 regulates the regeneration and metabolism of skeletal muscles via IGF2R remains unclear. This study investigates the role of CREG1 in skeletal muscle regeneration and glucose uptake in C2C12 myotubes and a cardiotoxin (CTX)-induced mouse skeletal muscle regeneration model. CTX-treated skeletal muscle showed significantly higher levels of IGF2R, CREG1, phospho-AMPKα Thr172, and GLUT4 proteins. Similarly, treatment of myotubes with CREG1 also stimulated AMPKα phosphorylation and GLUT4 expression. CREG1-induced AMPKα phosphorylation and 2DG uptake in myotubes were suppressed by IGF2R knockdown and Compound C, an AMPK inhibitor. These results suggest that CREG1 stimulates glucose uptake in skeletal muscles partially through AMPK activation. Hence, CREG1 plays an essential role in muscle regeneration by affecting glucose metabolism in skeletal muscles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayumi Goto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan.
| | - Yuki Endo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yamashita
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan.
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Alves AAC, da Costa RM, Fonseca LFS, Carvalheiro R, Ventura RV, Rosa GJDM, Albuquerque LG. A Random Forest-Based Genome-Wide Scan Reveals Fertility-Related Candidate Genes and Potential Inter-Chromosomal Epistatic Regions Associated With Age at First Calving in Nellore Cattle. Front Genet 2022; 13:834724. [PMID: 35692843 PMCID: PMC9178659 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2022.834724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to perform a genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) using the Random Forest (RF) approach for scanning candidate genes for age at first calving (AFC) in Nellore cattle. Additionally, potential epistatic effects were investigated using linear mixed models with pairwise interactions between all markers with high importance scores within the tree ensemble non-linear structure. Data from Nellore cattle were used, including records of animals born between 1984 and 2015 and raised in commercial herds located in different regions of Brazil. The estimated breeding values (EBV) were computed and used as the response variable in the genomic analyses. After quality control, the remaining number of animals and SNPs considered were 3,174 and 360,130, respectively. Five independent RF analyses were carried out, considering different initialization seeds. The importance score of each SNP was averaged across the independent RF analyses to rank the markers according to their predictive relevance. A total of 117 SNPs associated with AFC were identified, which spanned 10 autosomes (2, 3, 5, 10, 11, 17, 18, 21, 24, and 25). In total, 23 non-overlapping genomic regions embedded 262 candidate genes for AFC. Enrichment analysis and previous evidence in the literature revealed that many candidate genes annotated close to the lead SNPs have key roles in fertility, including embryo pre-implantation and development, embryonic viability, male germinal cell maturation, and pheromone recognition. Furthermore, some genomic regions previously associated with fertility and growth traits in Nellore cattle were also detected in the present study, reinforcing the effectiveness of RF for pre-screening candidate regions associated with complex traits. Complementary analyses revealed that many SNPs top-ranked in the RF-based GWAS did not present a strong marginal linear effect but are potentially involved in epistatic hotspots between genomic regions in different autosomes, remarkably in the BTAs 3, 5, 11, and 21. The reported results are expected to enhance the understanding of genetic mechanisms involved in the biological regulation of AFC in this cattle breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Antonio Carvalho Alves
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Rebeka Magalhães da Costa
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Larissa Fernanda Simielli Fonseca
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil
| | - Roberto Carvalheiro
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil.,National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Brasília, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Vieira Ventura
- Department of Animal Nutrition and Production, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo, Pirassununga, Brazil
| | | | - Lucia Galvão Albuquerque
- Department of Animal Science, School of Agricultural and Veterinary Sciences, Sao Paulo State University (UNESP), Jaboticabal, Brazil.,National Council for Scientific and Technological Development (CNPq), Brasília, Brazil
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Peng C, Shao X, Tian X, Li Y, Liu D, Yan C, Han Y. CREG ameliorates embryonic stem cell differentiation into smooth muscle cells by modulation of TGF-β expression. Differentiation 2022; 125:9-17. [DOI: 10.1016/j.diff.2022.03.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 02/19/2022] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Endo Y, Hashimoto M, Kusudo T, Okada T, Takeuchi T, Goto A, Yamashita H. CREG1 improves diet-induced obesity via uncoupling protein 1-dependent manner in mice. Genes Cells 2022; 27:202-213. [PMID: 35007381 DOI: 10.1111/gtc.12920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Thermogenic brown and beige adipocytes express uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1) and stimulate energy metabolism, protecting against obesity and metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes 1 (CREG1) can stimulate thermogenic fat formation, induce UCP1, and reduce diet-induced obesity (DIO) in mice at normal room temperature. In this study, we investigated the effect of CREG1 administration and the importance of UCP1 in DIO inhibition under thermoneutral conditions at 30°C, which attenuate thermogenic fat formation. Interestingly, subcutaneous administration of recombinant CREG1 protein via an osmotic pump in C57BL/6J mice for four weeks increased UCP1 expression in interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT), inhibited visceral white fat hypertrophy with partial browning, and reduced DIO compared with that in PBS-treated mice. The mRNA expression of energy metabolism-related genes was significantly increased in the IBAT of CREG1-treated mice compared to that in PBS-treated mice. In contrast, adipocyte-specific overexpression of CREG1 failed to improve DIO in UCP1-knockout mice at thermoneutrality. Our results indicate the therapeutic potential of CREG1 administration for obesity under thermogenic fat-attenuating conditions and highlight the indispensable role of UCP1 in the DIO-inhibitory effect of CREG1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Endo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Michihiro Hashimoto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kusudo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Tadashi Okada
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Tamaki Takeuchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Ayumi Goto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yamashita
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, 487-8501, Japan
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9
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Kusudo T, Okada T, Hashimoto M, Takeuchi T, Endo Y, Niwa A, Yamashita H. CREG1 administration stimulates BAT thermogenesis and improves diet-induced obesity in mice. J Biochem 2021; 171:63-73. [PMID: 34647124 DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvab106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Accepted: 10/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown and beige adipocytes, which express thermogenic uncoupling protein-1 (UCP1), stimulate glucose and lipid metabolism, improving obesity and metabolic diseases such as type 2 diabetes and hyperlipidemia. Overexpression of cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes 1 (CREG1) promotes adipose tissue browning and inhibits diet-induced obesity (DIO) in mice. In this study, we investigated the effects of CREG1 administration on DIO inhibition and adipose browning. Subcutaneous administration of recombinant CREG1 protein to C57BL/6 mice stimulated UCP1 expression in interscapular brown adipose tissue (IBAT) and improved DIO, glucose tolerance, and fatty liver compared with those in PBS-treated mice. Injection of Creg1-expressing adenovirus into inguinal white adipose tissue (IWAT) significantly increased browning and mRNA expression of beige adipocyte marker genes compared with that in mice injected with control virus. The effect of Creg1 induction on beige adipocyte differentiation was supported in primary culture using preadipocytes isolated from IWAT of Creg1-transgenic mice compared with that of wild-type mice. Our results indicate a therapeutic effect of CREG1 on obesity and its associated pathology and a potential of CREG1 to stimulate brown/beige adipocyte formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Tamaki Takeuchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | - Yuki Endo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
| | | | - Hitoshi Yamashita
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai 487-8501, Japan
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10
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Huang Z, Yang P, Wang F. Shrimp Plasma CREG Is a Hemocyte Activation Factor. Front Immunol 2021; 12:707770. [PMID: 34484206 PMCID: PMC8415475 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.707770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are a class of immunoregulatory proteins that are secreted by cells. Although vertebrate cytokine, especially mammalian cytokine has been well studied for the past decades. Much less attention has been paid to invertebrate so that only some cytokines have been identified in invertebrates. We have chosen Peaneus vannamei as a model to explore novel invertebrate cytokines. To achieve this, we previously purified shrimp plasma low abundance proteins and identified more than 400 proteins with proteomics analyses. In this study, a cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated gene (CREG)-like protein, which is highly conserved from Drosophila melanogaster to Homo sapiens, was further characterized in shrimp plasma. We found that shrimp plasma CREG was a glycoprotein which was strongly induced in hemolymph at 8 h post-LPS injection. Further function experiment unveiled that recombinant shrimp CREG protein injection significantly increased phagocytic hemocyte and lysosome-high hemocyte proportion in hemolymph. After that, hemocytes from rEGFP- and rCREG-protein injected shrimps were subjected to transcriptome analyses, which revealed that shrimp CREG protein could comprehensively promote hemocyte maturation and activation. Taken together, our data clearly indicated that shrimp plasma CREG protein is a novel hemocyte activation factor, which is probably a conserved myeloid cell lineage activation factor from invertebrate to vertebrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiqi Huang
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Peng Yang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China
| | - Fan Wang
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou, China.,STU-UMT Joint Shellfish Research Laboratory, Shantou University, Shantou, China
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11
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Liu J, Qi Y, Chao J, Sathuvalli P, Y Lee L, Li S. CREG1 promotes lysosomal biogenesis and function. Autophagy 2021; 17:4249-4265. [PMID: 33966596 PMCID: PMC8726608 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2021.1909997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CREG1 is a small glycoprotein which has been proposed as a transcription repressor, a secretory ligand, a lysosomal, or a mitochondrial protein. This is largely because of lack of antibodies for immunolocalization validated through gain- and loss-of-function studies. In the present study, we demonstrate, using antibodies validated for immunofluorescence microscopy, that CREG1 is mainly localized to the endosomal-lysosomal compartment. Gain- and loss-of-function analyses reveal an important role for CREG1 in both macropinocytosis and clathrin-dependent endocytosis. CREG1 also promotes acidification of the endosomal-lysosomal compartment and increases lysosomal biogenesis. Functionally, overexpression of CREG1 enhances macroautophagy/autophagy and lysosome-mediated degradation, whereas knockdown or knockout of CREG1 has opposite effects. The function of CREG1 in lysosomal biogenesis is likely attributable to enhanced endocytic trafficking. Our results demonstrate that CREG1 is an endosomal-lysosomal protein implicated in endocytic trafficking and lysosomal biogenesis.Abbreviations: AIFM1/AIF: apoptosis inducing factor mitochondria associated 1; AO: acridine orange; ATP6V1H: ATPase H+ transporting V1 subunit H; CALR: calreticulin; CREG: cellular repressor of E1A stimulated genes; CTSC: cathepsin C; CTSD: cathepsin D; EBAG9/RCAS1: estrogen receptor binding site associated antigen 9; EIPA: 5-(N-ethyl-N-isopropyl)amiloride; ER: endoplasmic reticulum; GFP: green fluorescent protein; HEXA: hexosaminidase subunit alpha; IGF2R: insulin like growth factor 2 receptor; LAMP1: lysosomal associated membrane protein 1; M6PR: mannose-6-phosphate receptor, cation dependent; MAPK1/ERK2: mitogen-activated protein kinase 1; MTORC1: mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase complex 1; PDIA2: protein disulfide isomerase family A member 2; SQSTM1/p62: sequestosome 1; TF: transferrin; TFEB: transcription factor EB.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Liu
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Yanmei Qi
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Joshua Chao
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Pranav Sathuvalli
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Leonard Y Lee
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Shaohua Li
- Department of Surgery, Rutgers University-Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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12
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Liu D, Tian X, Liu Y, Song H, Cheng X, Zhang X, Yan C, Han Y. CREG ameliorates the phenotypic switching of cardiac fibroblasts after myocardial infarction via modulation of CDC42. Cell Death Dis 2021; 12:355. [PMID: 33824277 PMCID: PMC8024263 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-021-03623-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2020] [Revised: 03/13/2021] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Phenotype switching of cardiac fibroblasts into myofibroblasts plays important role in cardiac fibrosis following myocardial infarction (MI). Cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes (CREG) protects against vascular and cardiac remodeling induced by angiotensin-II. However, the effects and mechanisms of CREG on phenotype switching of cardiac fibroblasts after MI are unknown. This study aimed to investigate the role of CREG on the phenotype switching of cardiac fibroblasts following MI and its mechanism. Our findings demonstrated that, compared with littermate control mice, cardiac function was deteriorated in CREG+/- mice on day 14 post-MI. Fibrosis size, αSMA, and collagen-1 expressions were increased in the border regions of CREG+/- mice on day 14 post-MI. Conversely, exogenous CREG protein significantly improved cardiac function, inhibited fibrosis, and reduced the expressions of αSMA and collagen-1 in the border regions of C57BL/6J mice on day 14. In vitro, CREG recombinant protein inhibited αSMA and collagen-1 expression and blocked the hypoxia-induced proliferation and migration of cardiac fibroblasts, which was mediated through the inhibition of cell division control protein 42 (CDC42) expression. Our findings could help in establishing new strategies based on the clarification of the role of the key molecule CREG in phenotype switching of cardiac fibroblasts following MI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoxiang Tian
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanxia Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Haixu Song
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaoli Cheng
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Xiaolin Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Chenghui Yan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China.
| | - Yaling Han
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China.
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13
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Transient Receptor Potential Vanilloid 6 (TRPV6) Proteins Control the Extracellular Matrix Structure of the Placental Labyrinth. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21249674. [PMID: 33352987 PMCID: PMC7767235 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21249674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Calcium-selective transient receptor potential Vanilloid 6 (TRPV6) channels are expressed in fetal labyrinth trophoblasts as part of the feto-maternal barrier, necessary for sufficient calcium supply, embryo growth, and bone development during pregnancy. Recently, we have shown a less- compact labyrinth morphology of Trpv6-deficient placentae, and reduced Ca2+ uptake of primary trophoblasts upon functional deletion of TRPV6. Trpv6-/- trophoblasts show a distinct calcium-dependent phenotype. Deep proteomic profiling of wt and Trpv6-/- primary trophoblasts using label-free quantitative mass spectrometry leads to the identification of 2778 proteins. Among those, a group of proteases, including high-temperature requirement A serine peptidase 1 (HTRA1) and different granzymes are more abundantly expressed in Trpv6-/- trophoblast lysates, whereas the extracellular matrix protein fibronectin and the fibronectin-domain-containing protein 3A (FND3A) were markedly reduced. Trpv6-/-placenta lysates contain a higher intrinsic proteolytic activity increasing fibronectin degradation. Our results show that the extracellular matrix formation of the placental labyrinth depends on TRPV6; its deletion in trophoblasts correlates with the increased expression of proteases controlling the extracellular matrix in the labyrinth during pregnancy.
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14
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Dai R, Chen W, Hua W, Xiong L, Li Y, Li L. Comparative transcriptome analysis of transcultured human skin-derived precursors (tSKPs) from adherent monolayer culture system and tSKPs-derived fibroblasts (tFBs) by RNA-Seq. Biosci Trends 2020; 14:104-114. [PMID: 32321899 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2019.01345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Transcultured human skin derived precursors (tSKPs) from adherent monolayer culture system have similar characteristics as traditional skin derived precursors (SKPs), making tSKPs a suitable candidate for regenerative medicine. tSKPs can differentiate into fibroblasts. However, little is known about the molecular mechanism of the transition from tSKPs to fibroblasts. Here, we compared the transcriptional profiles of human tSKPs and tSKPs-derived fibroblasts (tFBs) by RNA-Sequence aiming to determine the candidate genes and pathways involving in the differentiation process. A total of 1042 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified between tSKPs and tFBs, with 490 genes up-regulated and 552 genes down-regulated. Our study showed that these DEGs were significantly enriched in tumor necrosis factor signaling pathway, focal adhesion, extracellular matrix-receptor interaction and phosphatidylinositol 3 kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt) signaling pathway. A further transcription factors (TFs) analysis of DEGs revealed the significantly down-expressed TFs (p21, Foxo1and Foxc1) in tFBs were mostly the downstream nodes of PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, which suggested PI3K-Akt signaling pathway might play an important role in tSKPs differentiation. The results of our study are useful for investigating the molecular mechanisms in tSKPs differentiation into tFBs, making it possible to take advantage of their potential application in regenerative medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Dai
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China.,Department of Dermatology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wei Chen
- Department of Medical Cosmetology, The Second People's Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Wei Hua
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Lidan Xiong
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Yiming Li
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - Li Li
- Department of Dermatology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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15
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Bruschi M, Granata S, Santucci L, Candiano G, Fabris A, Antonucci N, Petretto A, Bartolucci M, Del Zotto G, Antonini F, Ghiggeri GM, Lupo A, Gambaro G, Zaza G. Proteomic Analysis of Urinary Microvesicles and Exosomes in Medullary Sponge Kidney Disease and Autosomal Dominant Polycystic Kidney Disease. Clin J Am Soc Nephrol 2019; 14:834-843. [PMID: 31018934 PMCID: PMC6556712 DOI: 10.2215/cjn.12191018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Microvesicles and exosomes are involved in the pathogenesis of autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. However, it is unclear whether they also contribute to medullary sponge kidney, a sporadic kidney malformation featuring cysts, nephrocalcinosis, and recurrent kidney stones. We addressed this knowledge gap by comparative proteomic analysis. DESIGN, SETTING, PARTICIPANTS, & MEASUREMENTS The protein content of microvesicles and exosomes isolated from the urine of 15 patients with medullary sponge kidney and 15 patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease was determined by mass spectrometry followed by weighted gene coexpression network analysis, support vector machine learning, and partial least squares discriminant analysis to compare the profiles and select the most discriminative proteins. The proteomic data were verified by ELISA. RESULTS A total of 2950 proteins were isolated from microvesicles and exosomes, including 1579 (54%) identified in all samples but only 178 (6%) and 88 (3%) specific for medullary sponge kidney microvesicles and exosomes, and 183 (6%) and 98 (3%) specific for autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease microvesicles and exosomes, respectively. The weighted gene coexpression network analysis revealed ten modules comprising proteins with similar expression profiles. Support vector machine learning and partial least squares discriminant analysis identified 34 proteins that were highly discriminative between the diseases. Among these, CD133 was upregulated in exosomes from autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease and validated by ELISA. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate a different proteomic profile of urinary microvesicles and exosomes in patients with medullary sponge kidney compared with patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease. The urine proteomic profile of patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease was enriched of proteins involved in cell proliferation and matrix remodeling. Instead, proteins identified in patients with medullary sponge kidney were associated with parenchymal calcium deposition/nephrolithiasis and systemic metabolic derangements associated with stones formation and bone mineralization defects. PODCAST This article contains a podcast at https://www.asn-online.org/media/podcast/CJASN/2019_04_24_CJASNPodcast_19_06_.mp3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maurizio Bruschi
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation, Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology
| | - Simona Granata
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy; and
| | - Laura Santucci
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation, Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology
| | - Giovanni Candiano
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis, and Transplantation, Laboratory of Molecular Nephrology
| | - Antonia Fabris
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy; and
| | - Nadia Antonucci
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy; and
| | | | | | | | | | - Gian Marco Ghiggeri
- Division of Nephrology, Dialysis and Transplantation, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico, Istituto Giannina Gaslini, Genoa, Italy
| | - Antonio Lupo
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy; and
| | - Giovanni Gambaro
- Division of Nephrology and Dialysis, School of Medicine, Columbus-Gemelli University Hospital Catholic University, Rome, Italy
| | - Gianluigi Zaza
- Renal Unit, Department of Medicine, University Hospital of Verona, Verona, Italy; and
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16
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Hashimoto M, Kusudo T, Takeuchi T, Kataoka N, Mukai T, Yamashita H. CREG1 stimulates brown adipocyte formation and ameliorates diet-induced obesity in mice. FASEB J 2019; 33:8069-8082. [PMID: 30917000 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201802147rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Increased formation of brown and beige adipocytes is critical for adaptive thermogenesis to maintain homeothermy in cold or to circumvent diet-induced obesity (DIO). Cellular repressor of adenovirus early region 1A-stimulated genes 1 (CREG1) exhibits the ability to stimulate brown adipogenesis, including the induction of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), in vitro. Thus, we aimed to clarify whether CREG1 promotes brown adipocyte formation and inhibits DIO at the whole-animal level. In mouse brown adipose tissue (BAT), CREG1 expression was markedly increased in cold but was decreased under thermoneutrality, suggesting CREG1 involvement in BAT thermogenesis. Moreover, in BAT and white adipose tissue, expression of UCP1 and fibroblast growth factor-21 and browning were both significantly higher in adipocyte P2-Creg1-transgenic (Tg) mice than in wild-type (WT) littermates. Following stimulation with a β3-adrenergic agonist, energy consumption was elevated in the Tg mice, which showed increased resistance to DIO and improvement of obesity-associated complications including fatty liver relative to WT mice. The CREG1 stimulatory effect on brown adipogenesis was confirmed in Tg-BAT primary cultures. It was also found that CREG1 binds to retinoid X receptor α, which interacts with thyroid hormone receptor for brown adipogenesis. Our findings demonstrate that CREG1 stimulates brown adipocyte formation and browning, ameliorating obesity and its related pathology in vivo.-Hashimoto, M., Kusudo, T., Takeuchi, T., Kataoka, N., Mukai, T., Yamashita, H. CREG1 stimulates brown adipocyte formation and ameliorates diet-induced obesity in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michihiro Hashimoto
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Tatsuya Kusudo
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan.,Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Tezukayama Gakuin University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Tamaki Takeuchi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
| | - Naoya Kataoka
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan.,Department of Integrative Physiology, Nagoya University School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takako Mukai
- Department of Nutrition and Food Sciences, Faculty of Human Sciences, Tezukayama Gakuin University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Yamashita
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Life and Health Sciences, Chubu University, Kasugai, Japan
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17
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Ghobrial G, Araujo L, Jinwala F, Li S, Lee LY. The Structure and Biological Function of CREG. Front Cell Dev Biol 2018; 6:136. [PMID: 30416997 PMCID: PMC6212480 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2018.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes (CREG) is a 220 amino acid glycoprotein structurally similar to oxidoreductases. However, CREG does not have enzymatic activities because it cannot bind to the cofactor flavin mononucleotide. Although CREG can be secreted, it is mainly an intracellular protein localized in the endocytic-lysosomal compartment. It undergoes proteolytic maturation mediated by lysosomal cysteine proteases. Biochemical studies have demonstrated that CREG interacts with mannose-6-phosphate/insulin-like growth factor-2 receptor (M6P/IGF2R) and exocyst Sec8. CREG inhibits proliferation and induces differentiation and senescence when overexpressed in cultured cells. In Drosophila, RNAi-mediated knockdown of CREG causes developmental lethality at the pupal stage. In mice, global deletion of the CREG1 gene leads to early embryonic death. These findings establish an essential role for CREG in development. CREG1 haploinsufficient and liver-specific knockout mice are susceptible to high fat diet-induced obesity, hepatic steatosis and insulin resistance. The purpose of this review is to provide an overview of what we know about the biochemistry and biology of CREG and to discuss the important questions that remain to be addressed in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaby Ghobrial
- Department of Surgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Luiz Araujo
- Department of Surgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Felecia Jinwala
- Department of Surgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Shaohua Li
- Department of Surgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
| | - Leonard Y Lee
- Department of Surgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, United States
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18
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Tian X, Yan C, Liu M, Zhang Q, Liu D, Liu Y, Li S, Han Y. CREG1 heterozygous mice are susceptible to high fat diet-induced obesity and insulin resistance. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0176873. [PMID: 28459882 PMCID: PMC5411056 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0176873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular repressor of E1A-stimulated genes 1 (CREG1) is a small glycoprotein whose physiological function is unknown. In cell culture studies, CREG1 promotes cellular differentiation and maturation. To elucidate its physiological functions, we deleted the Creg1 gene in mice and found that loss of CREG1 leads to early embryonic death, suggesting that it is essential for early development. In the analysis of Creg1 heterozygous mice, we unexpectedly observed that they developed obesity as they get older. In this study, we further studied this phenotype by feeding wild type (WT) and Creg1 heterozygote (Creg1+/-) mice a high fat diet (HFD) for 16 weeks. Our data showed that Creg1+/- mice exhibited a more prominent obesity phenotype with no change in food intake compared with WT controls when challenged with HFD. Creg1 haploinsufficiency also exacerbated HFD-induced liver steatosis, dyslipidemia and insulin resistance. In addition, HFD markedly increased pro-inflammatory cytokines in plasma and epididymal adipose tissue in Creg1+/- mice as compared with WT controls. The activation level of NF-κB, a major regulator of inflammatory response, in epididymal adipose tissue was also elevated in parallel with the cytokines in Creg1+/- mice. These pro-inflammatory responses elicited by CREG1 reduction were confirmed in 3T3-L1-derived adipocytes with CREG1 depletion by siRNA transfection. Given that adipose tissue inflammation has been shown to play a key role in obesity-induced insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome, our results suggest that Creg1 haploinsufficiency confers increased susceptibility of adipose tissue to inflammation, leading to aggravated obesity and insulin resistance when challenged with HFD. This study uncovered a novel function of CREG1 in metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxiang Tian
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, China
- Cardiovascular Center for Translational Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
- Cardiovascular Core Lab for Translational Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Chenghui Yan
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, China
- Cardiovascular Center for Translational Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
- Cardiovascular Core Lab for Translational Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Meili Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, China
- Cardiovascular Center for Translational Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
- Cardiovascular Core Lab for Translational Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Quanyu Zhang
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, China
- Cardiovascular Center for Translational Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
- Cardiovascular Core Lab for Translational Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Dan Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, China
- Cardiovascular Center for Translational Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
- Cardiovascular Core Lab for Translational Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Yanxia Liu
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, China
- Cardiovascular Center for Translational Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
- Cardiovascular Core Lab for Translational Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
| | - Shaohua Li
- Department of Surgery, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers-the State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, United States of America
| | - Yaling Han
- Cardiovascular Research Institute and Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Shenyang Military Region, Shenyang, China
- Cardiovascular Center for Translational Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
- Cardiovascular Core Lab for Translational Medicine of Liaoning Province, Shenyang, China
- * E-mail:
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19
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Chi W, Ma X, Niu J, Zou M. Genome-wide identification of genes probably relevant to the adaptation of schizothoracins (Teleostei: Cypriniformes) to the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. BMC Genomics 2017; 18:310. [PMID: 28427344 PMCID: PMC5397779 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-3703-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Molecular adaptation to the severe environments present during the uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau has attracted the attention of researchers. The divergence of the three specialization groups of schizothoracins (Primitive, Specialized and Highly Specialized) may correspond to the three phases of plateau uplift. Based on the transcripts of representative species of the three specialized groups and an outgroup, genes in schizothoracins that may have played important roles during the adaptation to new environments were investigated. RESULTS The contigs of Gymnodiptychus dybowskii and Schizothorax pseudaksaiensis were compared with those of Gymnocypris przewalskii ganzihonensis and the outgroup Sinocyclocheilus angustiporus, and 5,894 ortholog groups with an alignment length longer than 90 nt after deleting gaps were retained. Evolutionary analyses indicated that the average evolutionary rate of the branch leading to the Specialized group was faster than that of the branch leading to the Highly Specialized group. Moreover, the numbers of gene categories in which more than half of the genes evolved faster than the average values of the genome were 117 and 15 along the branches leading to the Specialized and Highly Specialized groups, respectively. A total of 40, 36, and 55 genes were likely subject to positive selection along the branches leading to the Primitive, Specialized and Highly Specialized groups, respectively, and many of these genes are likely relevant to adaptation to the cold temperatures, low oxygen concentrations, and strong ultraviolet radiation that result from elevation. CONCLUSIONS By selecting representative species of the three groups of schizothoracins and applying next-generation sequencing technology, several candidate genes corresponding to adaptation to the three phases of plateau uplift were identified. Some of the genes identified in this report that were likely subject to positive selection are good candidates for subsequent evolutionary and functional analyses of adaptation to high altitude.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Chi
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Xufa Ma
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiangong Niu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Fisheries Research Institute of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Urumqi, China
| | - Ming Zou
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Key Laboratory of Freshwater Animal Breeding, Ministry of Agriculture, Wuhan, China
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