1
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Hu Y, Luo M. Cinobufotalin regulates the USP36/c-Myc axis to suppress malignant phenotypes of colon cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. Aging (Albany NY) 2024; 16:5526-5544. [PMID: 38517383 PMCID: PMC11006458 DOI: 10.18632/aging.205661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 03/23/2024]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific protease 36 (USP36) has been reported to exhibit oncogenic effects in various malignancies, but the function of USP36 in colon cancer progression remains indefinite. Herein, we aimed to determine the role and mechanism of USP36 in malignant phenotypes of colon cancer cells and explore the potential drug targeting USP36. Bioinformatics analyses indicated that USP36 is highly expressed and significantly related to tumor stages in colon cancer. Besides, USP36 was further up-regulated in oxaliplatin (Oxa)-resistant colon cancer cells. Colony formation, Edu staining, Transwell, wound healing, sphere formation, and CCK-8 assays were conducted and showed that the proliferation, Oxa-resistance, migration, stemness, and invasion of HCT116 cells were promoted after overexpressing USP36, while suppressed by USP36 knockdown. Mechanically, USP36 enhances c-Myc protein stabilization in HCT116 cells via deubiquitination. AutoDock tool and ubiquitin-AMC hydrolysis assay identified cinobufotalin (CBF), an anti-tumor drug, maybe a USP36 inhibitor by inhibiting its deubiquitination activity. CBF significantly prohibited proliferation, migration, invasion, and stemness of HCT116 cells and reversed Oxa-resistance, whereas enforced expression of USP36 blocked these effects. Moreover, in vivo analyses confirmed the oncogenic role of USP36 and the therapeutic potential of CBF in the malignancy of colon cancer. In conclusion, CBF may be a promising therapeutic agent for colon cancer due to its regulation of the USP36/c-Myc axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Hu
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
| | - Ming Luo
- Department of General Surgery, The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha 410011, China
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2
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Garlapati C, Joshi S, Bhattarai S, Krishnamurthy J, Turaga RC, Nguyen T, Li X, Aneja R. PLK1 and AURKB phosphorylate survivin differentially to affect proliferation in racially distinct triple-negative breast cancer. Cell Death Dis 2023; 14:12. [PMID: 36627281 PMCID: PMC9832024 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05539-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Protein diversity due to alternative mRNA splicing or post-translational modifications (PTMs) plays a vital role in various cellular functions. The mitotic kinases polo-like kinase 1 (PLK1) and Aurora B (AURKB) phosphorylate survivin, an inhibitor of apoptosis (IAP) family member, thereby regulating cell proliferation. PLK1, AURKB, and survivin are overexpressed in triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), an aggressive breast cancer subtype. TNBC is associated with high proliferative capacity, high rates of distant metastasis, and treatment resistance. The proliferation-promoting protein survivin and its activating kinases, PLK1 and AURKB, are overexpressed in TNBC. In this study, we investigated the role of survivin phosphorylation in racial disparities in TNBC cell proliferation. Analysis of TCGA TNBC data revealed higher expression levels of PLK1 (P = 0.026) and AURKB (P = 0.045) in African Americans (AAs; n = 41) than in European Americans (EAs; n = 86). In contrast, no significant racial differences in survivin mRNA or protein levels were observed. AA TNBC cells exhibited higher p-survivin levels than EA TNBC cells. Survivin silencing using small interfering RNAs significantly attenuated cell proliferation and cell cycle progression in AA TNBC cells, but not in EA TNBC cells. In addition, PLK1 and AURKB inhibition with volasertib and barasertib significantly inhibited the growth of AA TNBC xenografts, but not of EA TNBC tumors. These data suggest that inhibition of PLK1 and AURKB suppresses cell proliferation and tumor growth, specifically in AA TNBC. These findings suggest that targeting survivin phosphorylation may be a viable therapeutic option for AA patients with TNBC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chakravarthy Garlapati
- Alkermes Inc, Waltham, MA, 02451, USA
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Shriya Joshi
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | - Shristi Bhattarai
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA
| | | | | | - Thi Nguyen
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Xiaoxian Li
- Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, 30322, USA
| | - Ritu Aneja
- Department of Biology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA, 30303, USA.
- School of Health Professions, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA.
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3
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Pan Y, Tang Y, Gu H, Ge W. Ubiquitin modification in osteogenic differentiation and bone formation: From mechanisms to clinical significance. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1033223. [PMID: 36340031 PMCID: PMC9634082 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1033223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2024] Open
Abstract
The ubiquitin-proteasome system is an important pathway for mediating posttranslational modification and protein homeostasis and exerts a wide range of functions in diverse biological processes, including stem cell differentiation, DNA repair, and cell cycle regulation. Many studies have shown that ubiquitination modification plays a critical role in regulating the osteogenic differentiation of stem cells and bone formation through various mechanisms. This review summarizes current progress on the effects and mechanisms of ubiquitin modification on transcription factors and signaling pathways involved in osteogenic differentiation. Moreover, the review highlights the latest advances in the clinical application of drugs in bone tissue engineering. A thorough understanding of ubiquitin modifications may provide promising therapeutic targets for stem cell-based bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Pan
- Department of General Dentistry II, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Yiman Tang
- Fourth Clinical Division, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Hang Gu
- Department of General Dentistry II, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
| | - Wenshu Ge
- Department of General Dentistry II, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, National Center of Stomatology, National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, National Engineering Research Center of Oral Biomaterials and Digital Medical Devices, Beijing, China
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4
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Kaushal K, Kim EJ, Tyagi A, Karapurkar JK, Haq S, Jung HS, Kim KS, Ramakrishna S. Genome-wide screening for deubiquitinase subfamily identifies ubiquitin-specific protease 49 as a novel regulator of odontogenesis. Cell Death Differ 2022; 29:1689-1704. [PMID: 35273362 PMCID: PMC9433428 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-022-00956-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins expressed by the paired box gene 9 (PAX9) and Msh Homeobox 1 (MSX1) are intimately involved in tooth development (odontogenesis). The regulation of PAX9 and MSX1 protein turnover by deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) plausibly maintain the required levels of PAX9 and MSX1 during odontogenesis. Herein, we used a loss-of-function CRISPR-Cas9-mediated DUB KO library kit to screen for DUBs that regulate PAX9 and MSX1 protein levels. We identify and demonstrate that USP49 interacts with and deubiquitinates PAX9 and MSX1, thereby extending their protein half-lives. On the other hand, the loss of USP49 reduces the levels of PAX9 and MSX1 proteins, which causes transient retardation of odontogenic differentiation in human dental pulp stem cells and delays the differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells into the neural crest cell lineage. USP49 depletion produced several morphological defects during tooth development, such as reduced dentin growth with shrunken enamel space, and abnormal enamel formation including irregular mineralization. In sum, our results suggest that deubiquitination of PAX9 and MSX1 by USP49 stabilizes their protein levels to facilitate successful odontogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamini Kaushal
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Kim
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Taste Research Center, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, South Korea
| | - Apoorvi Tyagi
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | | | - Saba Haq
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea
| | - Han-Sung Jung
- Division in Anatomy and Developmental Biology, Department of Oral Biology, Taste Research Center, Oral Science Research Center, BK21 FOUR Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, 03722, South Korea.
| | - Kye-Seong Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea. .,College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea. .,College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, 04763, South Korea.
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5
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Deubiquitinating Enzyme USP7 Is Required for Self-Renewal and Multipotency of Human Bone Marrow-Derived Mesenchymal Stromal Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158674. [PMID: 35955807 PMCID: PMC9369338 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Revised: 07/29/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific protease 7 (USP7) is highly expressed in a variety of malignant tumors. However, the role of USP7 in regulating self-renewal and differentiation of human bone marrow derived mesenchymal stromal cells (hBMSCs) remains unknown. Herein, we report that USP7 regulates self-renewal of hBMSCs and is required during the early stages of osteogenic, adipogenic, and chondrogenic differentiation of hBMSCs. USP7, a deubiquitinating enzyme (DUB), was found to be downregulated during hBMSC differentiation. Furthermore, USP7 is an upstream regulator of the self-renewal regulating proteins SOX2 and NANOG in hBMSCs. Moreover, we observed that SOX2 and NANOG are poly-ubiquitinated and their expression is downregulated in USP7-deficient hBMSCs. Overall, this study showed that USP7 is required for maintaining self-renewal and multipotency in cultured hBMSCs. Targeting USP7 might be a novel strategy to preserve the self-renewal capacity of hBMSCs intended for stem cell therapy.
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6
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Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 22 Promotes Neural Stem Cells Stemness Maintenance and Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis, Contributing to Cognitive Recovery Following Traumatic Brain Injury. Neuroscience 2022; 496:219-229. [PMID: 35700816 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2022.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 06/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitin-specific protease 22 (USP22), a potential marker of cancer stem cells, significantly influences stem cell fate choices. However, its functions in neural stem cells (NSCs) and adult neurogenesis, especially following traumatic brain injury (TBI), remain only partially understood. Here, we found that aberrant USP22 expression could affect NSC proliferation and stemness maintenance, as assessed by the generation of neurospheres, cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) and immunofluorescence staining in vitro. Moreover, USP22 depletion promotes the differentiation of NSCs, both in vitro and in vivo. In contrast, USP22 overexpression inhibits NSC differentiation into neurons. Interestingly, our data showed that USP22 promotes the proliferation but inhibits the differentiation of NSCs in the dentate gyrus (DG)of the hippocampus soon after TBI. The Morris water maze (MWM) test was adopted to evaluate neurological function, which confirmed that USP22 could improve the learning and memory capacity that was already compromised following TBI. Overall, this study uncovers a potentially novel regulatory role of USP22 in the proliferation and differentiation ability of NSCs, contributing to the hippocampus-dependent cognitive function of TBI mice and may be a novel target for future therapeutic approaches.
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7
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Olguín HC. The Gentle Side of the UPS: Ubiquitin-Proteasome System and the Regulation of the Myogenic Program. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 9:821839. [PMID: 35127730 PMCID: PMC8811165 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.821839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 12/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the ubiquitin-proteasome system (UPS) has emerged as an important regulator of stem cell function. Here we review recent findings indicating that UPS also plays critical roles in the biology of satellite cells, the muscle stem cell responsible for its maintenance and regeneration. While we focus our attention on the control of key transcriptional regulators of satellite cell function, we briefly discuss early studies suggesting the UPS participates more broadly in the regulation of satellite cell stemness and regenerative capacity.
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8
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Cruz L, Soares P, Correia M. Ubiquitin-Specific Proteases: Players in Cancer Cellular Processes. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:ph14090848. [PMID: 34577547 PMCID: PMC8469789 DOI: 10.3390/ph14090848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 08/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Ubiquitination represents a post-translational modification (PTM) essential for the maintenance of cellular homeostasis. Ubiquitination is involved in the regulation of protein function, localization and turnover through the attachment of a ubiquitin molecule(s) to a target protein. Ubiquitination can be reversed through the action of deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs). The DUB enzymes have the ability to remove the mono- or poly-ubiquitination signals and are involved in the maturation, recycling, editing and rearrangement of ubiquitin(s). Ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs) are the biggest family of DUBs, responsible for numerous cellular functions through interactions with different cellular targets. Over the past few years, several studies have focused on the role of USPs in carcinogenesis, which has led to an increasing development of therapies based on USP inhibitors. In this review, we intend to describe different cellular functions, such as the cell cycle, DNA damage repair, chromatin remodeling and several signaling pathways, in which USPs are involved in the development or progression of cancer. In addition, we describe existing therapies that target the inhibition of USPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucas Cruz
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saúde, Universidade Do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (L.C.); (P.S.)
- Ipatimup—Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, 4250-475 Porto, Portugal
- FCUP—Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Paula Soares
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saúde, Universidade Do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (L.C.); (P.S.)
- Ipatimup—Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, 4250-475 Porto, Portugal
- FCUP—Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
- Departamento de Patologia, Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade Do Porto, 4200-139 Porto, Portugal
| | - Marcelo Correia
- i3S—Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saúde, Universidade Do Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (L.C.); (P.S.)
- Ipatimup—Instituto de Patologia e Imunologia Molecular da Universidade do Porto, 4250-475 Porto, Portugal
- Correspondence:
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9
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Zhao Q, Li Y, Du X, Chen X, Jiao Q, Jiang H. Effects of deubiquitylases on the biological behaviors of neural stem cells. Dev Neurobiol 2021; 81:847-858. [PMID: 34241974 DOI: 10.1002/dneu.22844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 05/03/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
New neurons are generated throughout life in distinct regions of the mammalian brain due to the proliferation and differentiation of neural stem cells (NSCs). Ubiquitin, a post-translational modification of cellular proteins, is an important factor in regulating neurogenesis. Deubiquitination is a biochemical process that mediates the removal of ubiquitin moieties from ubiquitin-conjugated substrates. Recent studies have provided growing evidence that deubiquitylases (DUBs) which reverse ubiquitylation process play critical roles in NSCs maintenance, differentiation and maturation. This review mainly focused on the relationship of DUBs and NSCs, and further summarized recent advances in our understanding of DUBs on regulating NSCs biological behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiqi Zhao
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Yixin Li
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xixun Du
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Qian Jiao
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Physiology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Pathogenesis and Prevention of Neurological Disorders and State Key Disciplines: Physiology, School of Basic Medicine, Qingdao University, Qingdao, Shandong, China
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10
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Ubiquitin-Specific Protease 3 Deubiquitinates and Stabilizes Oct4 Protein in Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115584. [PMID: 34070420 PMCID: PMC8197518 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2021] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 05/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Oct4 is an important mammalian POU family transcription factor expressed by early human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). The precise level of Oct4 governs the pluripotency and fate determination of hESCs. Several post-translational modifications (PTMs) of Oct4 including phosphorylation, ubiquitination, and SUMOylation have been reported to regulate its critical functions in hESCs. Ubiquitination and deubiquitination of Oct4 should be well balanced to maintain the pluripotency of hESCs. The protein turnover of Oct4 is regulated by several E3 ligases through ubiquitin-mediated degradation. However, reversal of ubiquitination by deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) has not been reported for Oct4. In this study, we generated a ubiquitin-specific protease 3 (USP3) gene knockout using the CRISPR/Cas9 system and demonstrated that USP3 acts as a protein stabilizer of Oct4 by deubiquitinating Oct4. USP3 interacts with endogenous Oct4 and co-localizes in the nucleus of hESCs. The depletion of USP3 leads to a decrease in Oct4 protein level and loss of pluripotent morphology in hESCs. Thus, our results show that USP3 plays an important role in controlling optimum protein level of Oct4 to retain pluripotency of hESCs.
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11
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Ubiquitination and Deubiquitination in Oral Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22115488. [PMID: 34070986 PMCID: PMC8197098 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22115488] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2021] [Revised: 05/15/2021] [Accepted: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Oral health is an integral part of the general health and well-being of individuals. The presence of oral disease is potentially indicative of a number of systemic diseases and may contribute to their early diagnosis and treatment. The ubiquitin (Ub) system has been shown to play a role in cellular immune response, cellular development, and programmed cell death. Ubiquitination is a post-translational modification that occurs in eukaryotes. Its mechanism involves a number of factors, including Ub-activating enzymes, Ub-conjugating enzymes, and Ub protein ligases. Deubiquitinating enzymes, which are proteases that reversely modify proteins by removing Ub or Ub-like molecules or remodeling Ub chains on target proteins, have recently been regarded as crucial regulators of ubiquitination-mediated degradation and are known to significantly affect cellular pathways, a number of biological processes, DNA damage response, and DNA repair pathways. Research has increasingly shown evidence of the relationship between ubiquitination, deubiquitination, and oral disease. This review investigates recent progress in discoveries in diseased oral sites and discusses the roles of ubiquitination and deubiquitination in oral disease.
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12
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Liu K, Cao J, Shi X, Wang L, Zhao T. Cellular metabolism and homeostasis in pluripotency regulation. Protein Cell 2020; 11:630-640. [PMID: 32643102 PMCID: PMC7452966 DOI: 10.1007/s13238-020-00755-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) can immortally self-renew in culture with a high proliferation rate, and they possess unique metabolic characteristics that facilitate pluripotency regulation. Here, we review recent progress in understanding the mechanisms that link cellular metabolism and homeostasis to pluripotency regulation, with particular emphasis on pathways involving amino acid metabolism, lipid metabolism, the ubiquitin-proteasome system and autophagy. Metabolism of amino acids and lipids is tightly coupled to epigenetic modification, organelle remodeling and cell signaling pathways for pluripotency regulation. PSCs harness enhanced proteasome and autophagy activity to meet the material and energy requirements for cellular homeostasis. These regulatory events reflect a fine balance between the intrinsic cellular requirements and the extrinsic environment. A more complete understanding of this balance will pave new ways to manipulate PSC fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Jiani Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Xingxing Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Liang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Tongbiao Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Stem Cell and Reproductive Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,Institute for Stem Cell and Regeneration, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China. .,University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
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13
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Alcalá S, Sancho P, Martinelli P, Navarro D, Pedrero C, Martín-Hijano L, Valle S, Earl J, Rodríguez-Serrano M, Ruiz-Cañas L, Rojas K, Carrato A, García-Bermejo L, Fernández-Moreno MÁ, Hermann PC, Sainz B. ISG15 and ISGylation is required for pancreatic cancer stem cell mitophagy and metabolic plasticity. Nat Commun 2020; 11:2682. [PMID: 32472071 PMCID: PMC7260233 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-16395-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2019] [Accepted: 05/01/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic cancer stem cells (PaCSCs) drive pancreatic cancer tumorigenesis, chemoresistance and metastasis. While eliminating this subpopulation of cells would theoretically result in tumor eradication, PaCSCs are extremely plastic and can successfully adapt to targeted therapies. In this study, we demonstrate that PaCSCs increase expression of interferon-stimulated gene 15 (ISG15) and protein ISGylation, which are essential for maintaining their metabolic plasticity. CRISPR-mediated ISG15 genomic editing reduces overall ISGylation, impairing PaCSCs self-renewal and their in vivo tumorigenic capacity. At the molecular level, ISG15 loss results in decreased mitochondrial ISGylation concomitant with increased accumulation of dysfunctional mitochondria, reduced oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) and impaired mitophagy. Importantly, disruption in mitochondrial metabolism affects PaCSC metabolic plasticity, making them susceptible to prolonged inhibition with metformin in vivo. Thus, ISGylation is critical for optimal and efficient OXPHOS by ensuring the recycling of dysfunctional mitochondria, and when absent, a dysregulation in mitophagy occurs that negatively impacts PaCSC stemness. The ubiquitin-like modifier ISG15 exerts post-translational protein regulation through ISGylation. Here, the authors show that ISGylation is necessary for pancreatic cancer stem cell self-renewal and tumourigenesis by supporting the recycling of non-functional mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Alcalá
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain. .,Chronic Diseases and Cancer Area 3-Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Patricia Sancho
- IIS Aragón, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Paola Martinelli
- Institute for Cancer Research, Comprehensive Cancer Center, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Diego Navarro
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Chronic Diseases and Cancer Area 3-Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Coral Pedrero
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Chronic Diseases and Cancer Area 3-Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Laura Martín-Hijano
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Chronic Diseases and Cancer Area 3-Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Valle
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Chronic Diseases and Cancer Area 3-Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Julie Earl
- Chronic Diseases and Cancer Area 3-Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Alcala University, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Network in Cancer (CIBERONC, CB16/12/00446), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Laura Ruiz-Cañas
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Chronic Diseases and Cancer Area 3-Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain
| | - Katerin Rojas
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain
| | - Alfredo Carrato
- Chronic Diseases and Cancer Area 3-Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.,Medical Oncology Department, Ramón y Cajal University Hospital, Alcala University, Madrid, Spain.,Biomedical Research Network in Cancer (CIBERONC, CB16/12/00446), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Miguel Ángel Fernández-Moreno
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Madrid, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Hospital 12 de Octubre (imas12), Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Bruno Sainz
- Department of Biochemistry, Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (UAM) and Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas "Alberto Sols" (IIBM), CSIC-UAM, Madrid, Spain. .,Chronic Diseases and Cancer Area 3-Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigación Sanitaria (IRYCIS), Madrid, Spain.
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14
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Genome-scale screening of deubiquitinase subfamily identifies USP3 as a stabilizer of Cdc25A regulating cell cycle in cancer. Cell Death Differ 2020; 27:3004-3020. [PMID: 32415280 DOI: 10.1038/s41418-020-0557-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Conventional screening methods for deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) have important limitations. A loss-of-function study based on the knockout of DUB genes in mammalian cells can provide an excellent model for exploring DUB function. Here, we used CRISPR-Cas9 to perform genome-scale knockout of the entire set of genes encoding ubiquitin-specific proteases (USPs), a DUB subfamily, and then systematically screened for DUBs that stabilize the Cdc25A oncoprotein. USP3 was identified as a deubiquitinase of Cdc25A. USP3 depletion reduces the Cdc25A protein level, resulting in a significant delay in cell-cycle progression, and reduces the growth of cervical tumor xenografts in nude mice. Clinically, USP3 expression is positively correlated with Cdc25A protein expression and the poorest survival in breast cancer. We envision that our DUB knockout library kit will facilitate genome-scale screening of functional DUBs for target proteins of interest in a wide range of biomedical fields.
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15
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Sarodaya N, Karapurkar J, Kim KS, Hong SH, Ramakrishna S. The Role of Deubiquitinating Enzymes in Hematopoiesis and Hematological Malignancies. Cancers (Basel) 2020; 12:E1103. [PMID: 32354135 PMCID: PMC7281754 DOI: 10.3390/cancers12051103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2020] [Revised: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 04/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are responsible for the production of blood cells throughout the human lifespan. Single HSCs can give rise to at least eight distinct blood-cell lineages. Together, hematopoiesis, erythropoiesis, and angiogenesis coordinate several biological processes, i.e., cellular interactions during development and proliferation, guided migration, lineage programming, and reprogramming by transcription factors. Any dysregulation of these processes can result in hematological disorders and/or malignancies. Several studies of the molecular mechanisms governing HSC maintenance have demonstrated that protein regulation by the ubiquitin proteasomal pathway is crucial for normal HSC function. Recent studies have shown that reversal of ubiquitination by deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) plays an equally important role in hematopoiesis; however, information regarding the biological function of DUBs is limited. In this review, we focus on recent discoveries about the physiological roles of DUBs in hematopoiesis, erythropoiesis, and angiogenesis and discuss the DUBs associated with common hematological disorders and malignancies, which are potential therapeutic drug targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha Sarodaya
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (N.S.); (J.K.); (K.-S.K.)
| | - Janardhan Karapurkar
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (N.S.); (J.K.); (K.-S.K.)
| | - Kye-Seong Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (N.S.); (J.K.); (K.-S.K.)
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Seok-Ho Hong
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Korea
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea; (N.S.); (J.K.); (K.-S.K.)
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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16
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de Dieuleveult M, Miotto B. Ubiquitin Dynamics in Stem Cell Biology: Current Challenges and Perspectives. Bioessays 2020; 42:e1900129. [PMID: 31967345 DOI: 10.1002/bies.201900129] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2019] [Revised: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ubiquitination plays a central role in the regulation of stem cell self-renewal, propagation, and differentiation. In this review, the functions of ubiquitin dynamics in a myriad of cellular processes, acting along side the pluripotency network, to regulate embryonic stem cell identity are highlighted. The implication of deubiquitinases (DUBs) and E3 Ubiquitin (Ub) ligases in cellular functions beyond protein degradation is reported, including key functions in the regulation of mRNA stability, protein translation, and intra-cellular trafficking; and how it affects cell metabolism, the micro-environment, and chromatin organization is discussed. Finally, unsolved issues in the field are emphasized and will need to be tackled in order to fully understand the contribution of ubiquitin dynamics to stem cell self-renewal and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maud de Dieuleveult
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Benoit Miotto
- Université de Paris, Institut Cochin, INSERM, U1016, CNRS, UMR8104, F-75014, Paris, France
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17
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The function and regulation of OTU deubiquitinases. Front Med 2019; 14:542-563. [PMID: 31884527 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-019-0734-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 10/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Post-translational modification of cellular proteins by ubiquitin regulates numerous cellular processes, including cell division, immune responses, and apoptosis. Ubiquitin-mediated control over these processes can be reversed by deubiquitinases (DUBs), which remove ubiquitin from target proteins and depolymerize polyubiquitin chains. Recently, much progress has been made in the DUBs. In humans, the ovarian tumor protease (OTU) subfamily of DUBs includes 16 members, most of which mediate cell signaling cascades. These OTUs show great variation in structure and function, which display a series of mechanistic features. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of current progress in character, structure and function of OTUs, such as the substrate specificity and catalytic activity regulation. Then we discuss the relationship between some diseases and OTUs. Finally, we summarize the structure of viral OTUs and their function in immune escape and viral survival. Despite the challenges, OTUs might provide new therapeutic targets, due to their involvement in key regulatory processes.
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18
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Poondla N, Chandrasekaran AP, Kim KS, Ramakrishna S. Deubiquitinating enzymes as cancer biomarkers: new therapeutic opportunities? BMB Rep 2019. [PMID: 30760385 PMCID: PMC6476481 DOI: 10.5483/bmbrep.2019.52.3.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer remains a life-threatening disease and accounts for the major mortality rates worldwide. The practice of using biomarkers for early detection, staging, and customized therapy may increase cancer patients’ survival. Deubiquitinating enzymes (DUBs) are a family of proteases that remove ubiquitin tags from proteins of interest undergoing proteasomal degradation. DUBs play several functional roles other than deubiquitination. One of the important roles of DUBs is regulation of tumor progression. Several reports have suggested that the DUB family members were highly-elevated in various cancer cells and tissues in different stages of cancer. These findings suggest that the DUBs could be used as drug targets in cancer therapeutics. In this review, we recapitulate the role of the DUB family members, including ubiquitin-specific protease, otubain protease, and important candidates from other family members. Our aim was to better understand the connection between DUB expression profiles and cancers to allow researchers to design inhibitors or gene therapies to improve diagnosis and prognosis of cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naresh Poondla
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Arun Pandian Chandrasekaran
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Kye-Seong Kim
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763; College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Department of Biomedical Science, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763; College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul 04763, Korea
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19
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James C, Zhao TY, Rahim A, Saxena P, Muthalif NA, Uemura T, Tsuneyoshi N, Ong S, Igarashi K, Lim CY, Dunn NR, Vardy LA. MINDY1 Is a Downstream Target of the Polyamines and Promotes Embryonic Stem Cell Self-Renewal. Stem Cells 2018; 36:1170-1178. [PMID: 29644784 DOI: 10.1002/stem.2830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2017] [Revised: 02/28/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Embryonic stem cells have the ability to self-renew or differentiate and these processes are under tight control. We previously reported that the polyamine regulator AMD1 is critical for embryonic stem cell self-renewal. The polyamines putrescine, spermidine, and spermine are essential organic cations that play a role in a wide array of cellular processes. Here, we explore the essential role of the polyamines in the promotion of self-renewal and identify a new stem cell regulator that acts downstream of the polyamines: MINDY1. MINDY1 protein levels are high in embryonic stem cells (ESCs) and are dependent on high polyamine levels. Overexpression of MINDY1 can promote ESC self-renewal in the absence of the usually essential cytokine Leukemia Inhibitory Factor (LIF). MINDY1 protein is prenylated and this modification is required for its ability to promote self-renewal. We go on to show that Mindy1 RNA is targeted for repression by mir-710 during Neural Precursor cell differentiation. Taken together, these data demonstrate that high polyamine levels are required for ESC self-renewal and that they function, in part, through promotion of high MINDY1 levels. Stem Cells 2018;36:1170-1178.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tian Yun Zhao
- Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Immunos, Singapore
| | - Anisa Rahim
- Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Immunos, Singapore
| | - Parul Saxena
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, A*STAR, Proteos, Singapore
| | | | - Takeshi Uemura
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | | | - Sheena Ong
- Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Immunos, Singapore
| | - Kazuei Igarashi
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - Chin Yan Lim
- Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Immunos, Singapore
| | - Norris Ray Dunn
- Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Immunos, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences and the Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Leah A Vardy
- Institute of Medical Biology, A*STAR, Immunos, Singapore.,School of Biological Sciences and the Lee Kong Chian School of Medicine, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
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20
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Haq S, Suresh B, Ramakrishna S. Deubiquitylating enzymes as cancer stem cell therapeutics. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2017; 1869:1-10. [PMID: 29054474 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2017.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2017] [Revised: 09/20/2017] [Accepted: 10/15/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The focus of basic and applied research on core stem cell transcription factors has paved the way to initial delineation of their characteristics, their regulatory mechanisms, and the applicability of their regulatory proteins for protein-induced pluripotent stem cells (protein-IPSC) generation and in further clinical settings. Striking parallels have been observed between cancer stem cells (CSCs) and stem cells. For the maintenance of stem cells and CSC pluripotency and differentiation, post translational modifications (i.e., ubiquitylation and deubiquitylation) are tightly regulated, as these modifications result in a variety of stem cell fates. The identification of deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs) involved in the regulation of core stem cell transcription factors and CSC-related proteins might contribute to providing novel insights into the implications of DUB regulatory mechanisms for governing cellular reprogramming and carcinogenesis. Moreover, we propose the novel possibility of applying DUBs coupled with core transcription factors to improve protein-iPSC generation efficiency. Additionally, this review article further illustrates the potential of applying DUB inhibitors as a novel therapeutic intervention for targeting CSCs. Thus, defining DUBs as core pharmacological targets implies that future endeavors to develop their inhibitors may revolutionize our ability to regulate stem cell maintenance and differentiation, somatic cell reprogramming, and cancer stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Haq
- Department of Lifesciences, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Bharathi Suresh
- Department of Pharmacology and Brain Korea 21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea; College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea.
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21
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Tang Y, Lv L, Li W, Zhang X, Jiang Y, Ge W, Zhou Y. Protein deubiquitinase USP7 is required for osteogenic differentiation of human adipose-derived stem cells. Stem Cell Res Ther 2017; 8:186. [PMID: 28807012 PMCID: PMC5557518 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-017-0637-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/21/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) are multipotent progenitor cells with self-renewal capabilities and multilineage differentiation potential, including osteogenesis. Although protein deubiquitinases have been linked to stem cell fate determination, whether protein deubiquitination contributes to lineage commitment during osteogenic differentiation of hASCs remains to be investigated. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of the ubiquitin specific protease 7 (USP7) on osteogenic differentiation of hASCs. METHODS An osteocalcin promoter driven luciferase reporter system was established to initially discover the potential association between USP7 and hASC osteogenesis. To further characterize the function of USP7 in osteogenic differentiation of hASCs, a combination of in vitro and in vivo experiments were carried out through genetic depletion or overexpression of USP7 using a lentiviral strategy. Moreover, HBX 41,108, a cyanoindenopyrazine-derived deubiquitinase inhibitor of USP7, was utilized at different doses to further examine whether USP7 regulated osteogenic differentiation of hASCs through its enzymatic activity. RESULTS We demonstrated that USP7 depletion was associated with remarkable downregulation of the reporter gene activity. Genetic depletion of USP7 by lentiviral RNAi markedly suppressed hASC osteogenesis both in vitro and in vivo, while overexpression of USP7 enhanced the osteogenic differentiation of hASCs. Notably, chemical blockade via the small molecular inhibitor HBX 41,108 could efficiently mimic the effects of USP7 genetic depletion in a dose-dependent manner. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, our study revealed that protein deubiquitinase USP7 is an essential player in osteogenic differentiation of hASCs through its catalytic activity, and supported the pursuit of USP7 as a potential target for modulation of hASC-based stem cell therapy and bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiman Tang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Longwei Lv
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenyue Li
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Jiang
- Department of General Dentistry II, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenshu Ge
- Department of General Dentistry II, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yongsheng Zhou
- Department of Prosthodontics, Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology, 22 Zhongguancun Avenue South, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, People's Republic of China. .,National Engineering Laboratory for Digital and Material Technology of Stomatology, Beijing Key Laboratory of Digital Stomatology, Beijing, 100081, China.
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22
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Abstract
Deubiquitylating enzymes (DUBs) reverse the ubiquitylation of target proteins, thereby regulating diverse cellular functions. In contrast to the plethora of research being conducted on the ability of DUBs to counter the degradation of cellular proteins or auto-ubiquitylated E3 ligases, very little is known about the mechanisms of DUB regulation. In this review paper, we summarize a novel possible mechanism of DUB deubiquitylation by other DUBs. The available data suggest the need for further experiments to validate and characterize this notion of 'Dubbing DUBs'. The current studies indicate that the idea of deubiquitylation of DUBs by other DUBs is still in its infancy. Nevertheless, future research holds the promise of validation of this concept.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saba Haq
- Department of Life Science, College of Natural Sciences, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Suresh Ramakrishna
- Graduate School of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
- College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, South Korea
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