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Sun D, Zhang X, Chen R, Sang T, Li Y, Wang Q, Xie L, Zhou Q, Dou S. Decoding cellular plasticity and niche regulation of limbal stem cells during corneal wound healing. Stem Cell Res Ther 2024; 15:201. [PMID: 38971839 PMCID: PMC11227725 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-024-03816-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 06/25/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysfunction or deficiency of corneal epithelium results in vision impairment or blindness in severe cases. The rapid and effective regeneration of corneal epithelial cells relies on the limbal stem cells (LSCs). However, the molecular and functional responses of LSCs and their niche cells to injury remain elusive. METHODS Single-cell RNA sequencing was performed on corneal tissues from normal mice and corneal epithelium defect models. Bioinformatics analysis was performed to confirm the distinct characteristics and cell fates of LSCs. Knockdown of Creb5 and OSM treatment experiment were performed to determine their roles of in corneal epithelial wound healing. RESULTS Our data defined the molecular signatures of LSCs and reconstructed the pseudotime trajectory of corneal epithelial cells. Gene network analyses characterized transcriptional landmarks that potentially regulate LSC dynamics, and identified a transcription factor Creb5, that was expressed in LSCs and significantly upregulated after injury. Loss-of-function experiments revealed that silencing Creb5 delayed the corneal epithelial healing and LSC mobilization. Through cell-cell communication analysis, we identified 609 candidate regeneration-associated ligand-receptor interaction pairs between LSCs and distinct niche cells, and discovered a unique subset of Arg1+ macrophages infiltrated after injury, which were present as the source of Oncostatin M (OSM), an IL-6 family cytokine, that were demonstrated to effectively accelerate the corneal epithelial wound healing. CONCLUSIONS This research provides a valuable single-cell resource and reference for the discovery of mechanisms and potential clinical interventions aimed at ocular surface reconstruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Sun
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaowen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Rong Chen
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Tian Sang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya Li
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qun Wang
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Lixin Xie
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
- Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China
| | - Qingjun Zhou
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China.
- Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China.
| | - Shengqian Dou
- State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Eye Institute of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China.
- Qingdao Eye Hospital of Shandong First Medical University, Qingdao, China.
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Suanno G, Genna VG, Maurizi E, Dieh AA, Griffith M, Ferrari G. Cell therapy in the cornea: The emerging role of microenvironment. Prog Retin Eye Res 2024; 102:101275. [PMID: 38797320 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2024.101275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 05/22/2024] [Accepted: 05/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The cornea is an ideal testing field for cell therapies. Its highly ordered structure, where specific cell populations are sequestered in different layers, together with its accessibility, has allowed the development of the first stem cell-based therapy approved by the European Medicine Agency. Today, different techniques have been proposed for autologous and allogeneic limbal and non-limbal cell transplantation. Cell replacement has also been attempted in cases of endothelial cell decompensation as it occurs in Fuchs dystrophy: injection of cultivated allogeneic endothelial cells is now in advanced phases of clinical development. Recently, stromal substitutes have been developed with excellent integration capability and transparency. Finally, cell-derived products, such as exosomes obtained from different sources, have been investigated for the treatment of severe corneal diseases with encouraging results. Optimization of the success rate of cell therapies obviously requires high-quality cultured cells/products, but the role of the surrounding microenvironment is equally important to allow engraftment of transplanted cells, to preserve their functions and, ultimately, lead to restoration of tissue integrity and transparency of the cornea.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Suanno
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Eye Repair Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Eleonora Maurizi
- Centre for Regenerative Medicine ''S. Ferrari'', University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Anas Abu Dieh
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - May Griffith
- Maisonneuve-Rosemont Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada.
| | - Giulio Ferrari
- Vita-Salute San Raffaele University, Milan, Italy; Eye Repair Unit, Division of Neuroscience, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy; Ophthalmology Unit, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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3
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Gong J, Ding G, Hao Z, Li Y, Deng A, Zhang C. Elucidating the mechanism of corneal epithelial cell repair: unraveling the impact of growth factors. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 11:1384500. [PMID: 38638937 PMCID: PMC11024251 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2024.1384500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
The repair mechanism for corneal epithelial cell injuries encompasses migration, proliferation, and differentiation of corneal epithelial cells, and extracellular matrix remodeling of the stromal structural integrity. Furthermore, it involves the consequential impact of corneal limbal stem cells (LSCs). In recent years, as our comprehension of the mediating mechanisms underlying corneal epithelial injury repair has advanced, it has become increasingly apparent that growth factors play a pivotal role in this intricate process. These growth factors actively contribute to the restoration of corneal epithelial injuries by orchestrating responses and facilitating specific interactions at targeted sites. This article systematically summarizes the role of growth factors in corneal epithelial cell injury repair by searching relevant literature in recent years, and explores the limitations of current literature search, providing a certain scientific basis for subsequent basic research and clinical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinjin Gong
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinan Second People’s Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Gang Ding
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinan Second People’s Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Zhongkai Hao
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinan Second People’s Hospital, Jinan, China
| | - Yuchun Li
- Wuxi No. 2 Chinese Medicine Hospital, Wuxi, China
| | - Aijun Deng
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
| | - Chenming Zhang
- School of Clinical Medicine, Shandong Second Medical University, Weifang, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Jinan Second People’s Hospital, Jinan, China
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4
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Li Y, Yang H, Gao Y, He W. Ocular adverse events of cenegermin used in neurotrophic keratopathy: an analysis of the FDA adverse event reporting system database. Expert Opin Drug Saf 2024; 23:385-391. [PMID: 37608598 DOI: 10.1080/14740338.2023.2251389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cenegermin, a recombinant human nerve growth factor, is an orphan drug approved for neurotrophic keratitis. The safety information on the label is incomplete, and the adverse reactions noted are mostly mild and tolerable. However, the occurrence of painful epithelial plagues and irreversible corneal deposits after cenegermin usage have been reported. Real-world data on long-term ocular safety are lacking. We aimed to assess the cenegermin-associated eye safety profile in the FDA pharmacovigilance database. METHODS The signals of cenegermin-related ocular adverse events (AEs) from 2018 to 2022 were quantified using the reporting odds ratio (ROR) and information component (IC). The grading system was used to prioritize the signals. RESULTS We identified 3288 cases of cenegermin-related ocular AEs and 56 positive ocular-related signals. Fifty unexpected signals of ocular AE were identified. Eye ulcer was classified as a designated medical event. Twenty AEs, including corneal perforation, eye infection, corneal deposits, and eye inflammation, were recognized as important medical event. The median onset time for ocular AEs was 6 days (interquartile range [IQR]: 1-29 days). CONCLUSION This study revealed new cenegermin-related ocular AE signals. Clinical practice requires close monitoring to early identify and manage adverse reactions that may cause occurrence of serious irreversible consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfei Li
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
| | - Haiyun Yang
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Pharmacy, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, Gansu, P.R. China
| | - Weimin He
- Department of Ophthalmology, West China Hospital of Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan Province, China
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Wu J, Huang Y, Yu H, Li K, Zhang S, Qiao G, Liu X, Duan H, Huang Y, So KF, Yang Z, Li X, Wang L. Chitosan-based thermosensitive hydrogel with long-term release of murine nerve growth factor for neurotrophic keratopathy. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:680-686. [PMID: 37721301 PMCID: PMC10581555 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.380908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Neurotrophic keratopathy is a persistent defect of the corneal epithelium, with or without stromal ulceration, due to corneal nerve deficiency caused by a variety of etiologies. The treatment options for neurotrophic keratopathy are limited. In this study, an ophthalmic solution was constructed from a chitosan-based thermosensitive hydrogel with long-term release of murine nerve growth factor (CTH-mNGF). Its effectiveness was evaluated in corneal denervation (CD) mice and patients with neurotrophic keratopathy. In the preclinical setting, CTH-mNGF was assessed in a murine corneal denervation model. CTH-mNGF was transparent, thermosensitive, and ensured sustained release of mNGF for over 20 hours on the ocular surface, maintaining the local mNGF concentration around 1300 pg/mL in vivo. Corneal denervation mice treated with CTH-mNGF for 10 days showed a significant increase in corneal nerve area and total corneal nerve length compared with non-treated and CTH treated mice. A subsequent clinical trial of CTH-mNGF was conducted in patients with stage 2 or 3 neurotrophic keratopathy. Patients received topical CTH-mNGF twice daily for 8 weeks. Fluorescein sodium images, Schirmer's test, intraocular pressure, Cochet-Bonnet corneal perception test, and best corrected visual acuity were evaluated. In total, six patients (total of seven eyes) diagnosed with neurotrophic keratopathy were enrolled. After 8 weeks of CTH-mNGF treatment, all participants showed a decreased area of corneal epithelial defect, as stained by fluorescence. Overall, six out of seven eyes had fluorescence staining scores < 5. Moreover, best corrected visual acuity, intraocular pressure, Schirmer's test and Cochet-Bonnet corneal perception test results showed no significant improvement. An increase in corneal nerve density was observed by in vivo confocal microscopy after 8 weeks of CTH-mNGF treatment in three out of seven eyes. This study demonstrates that CTH-mNGF is transparent, thermosensitive, and has sustained-release properties. Its effectiveness in healing corneal epithelial defects in all eyes with neurotrophic keratopathy suggests CTH-mNGF has promising application prospects in the treatment of neurotrophic keratopathy, being convenient and cost effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Wu
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- The PLA Medical College, Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hainan Hospital of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Sanya, Hainan Province, China
| | - Yulei Huang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Hanrui Yu
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | - Kaixiu Li
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China
| | | | | | - Xiao Liu
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Hongmei Duan
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yifei Huang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Ministry of Education CNS Regeneration Collaborative Joint Laboratory, Jinan University, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Ophthalmology and State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
- Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China
- Co-innovation Center of Neuroregeneration, Nantong University, Nantong, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - Zhaoyang Yang
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoguang Li
- Department of Neurobiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- School of Engineering Medicine, Beijing Key Laboratory for Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration, Beihang University, Beijing, China
- Beijing International Cooperation Bases for Science and Technology on Biomaterials and Neural Regeneration, Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Big Data-Based Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Liqiang Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, the Third Medical Center, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- The PLA Medical College, Department of Nephrology, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, State Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Kidney Diseases, Beijing, China
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Surico PL, Kaufman AR, Lin J, Dehghani S, Dana R. Corneal Superficial Plaque Formation After Recombinant Human Nerve Growth Factor Use in a Patient With Neurotrophic Keratopathy and Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency From Mucous Membrane Pemphigoid. Cornea 2023:00003226-990000000-00423. [PMID: 38015976 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000003442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/30/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The aim of this study was to report a rare observation of corneal superficial plaque formation after topical recombinant human nerve growth factor (rhNGF) treatment for a nonhealing epithelial defect in a patient with advanced mucous membrane pemphigoid, limbal stem cell deficiency, and neurotrophic keratopathy. METHODS This study was a case report. RESULTS A 72-year-old man with a complex course of mucous membrane pemphigoid, leading to cicatrizing keratoconjunctivits, limbal stem cell deficiency, and neurotrophic keratopathy presented with a recurrent persistent epithelial defect in the right eye. After a long course of unsuccessful epithelial healing, despite various treatment modalities, he was administered topical rhNGF (cenegermin 0.002%; Oxervate, Dompé US Inc., Boston, MA) which successfully resolved the epithelial defect. However, on day 22 posttreatment, an unusual white, thick, adherent corneal superficial plaque formed. rhNGF was stopped and the plaque was carefully removed. Subsequently, there was no recurrence, and the patient's epithelial healing remained stable. CONCLUSIONS Although the successful resolution of the persistent epithelial defect with rhNGF administration was notable, the development of the unusual epithelial overgrowth emphasizes the importance of vigilant monitoring and evaluation when using rhNGF in complex ocular conditions. Making informed decisions on the timing of discontinuing rhNGF can lead to desirable effects of the drug while mitigating additional side effects when managing such challenging cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pier Luigi Surico
- Department of Ophthalmology, Massachusetts Eye and Ear Institute, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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Zhu L, Wang L, Liu D, Chen C, Mo K, Lan X, Liu J, Huang Y, Guo D, Huang H, Li M, Guo H, Tan J, Zhang K, Ji J, Yuan J, Ouyang H. Single-cell transcriptomics implicates the FEZ1-DKK1 axis in the regulation of corneal epithelial cell proliferation and senescence. Cell Prolif 2023; 56:e13433. [PMID: 36851859 PMCID: PMC10472519 DOI: 10.1111/cpr.13433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2022] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Limbal stem/progenitor cells (LSC) represent the source of corneal epithelium renewal. LSC proliferation and differentiation are essential for corneal homeostasis, however, the regulatory mechanism remains largely unexplored. Here, we performed single-cell RNA sequencing and discovered proliferation heterogeneity as well as spontaneously differentiated and senescent cell subgroups in multiply passaged primary LSC. Fasciculation and elongation protein zeta 1 (FEZ1) and Dickkopf-1 (DKK1) were identified as two significant regulators of LSC proliferation and senescence. These two factors were mainly expressed in undifferentiated corneal epithelial cells (CECs). Knocking down the expression of either FEZ1 or DKK1 reduced cell division and caused cell cycle arrest. We observed that DKK1 acted as a downstream target of FEZ1 in LSC and that exogenous DKK1 protein partially prevented growth arrest and senescence upon FEZ1 suppression in vitro. In a mouse model of corneal injury, DKK1 also rescued the corneal epithelium after recovery was inhibited by FEZ1 suppression. Hence, the FEZ1-DKK1 axis was required for CEC proliferation and the juvenile state and can potentially be targeted as a therapeutic strategy for promoting recovery after corneal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liqiong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science|GuangzhouChina
| | - Li Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science|GuangzhouChina
| | - Dongmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science|GuangzhouChina
| | - Chaoqun Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science|GuangzhouChina
| | - Kunlun Mo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science|GuangzhouChina
| | - Xihong Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science|GuangzhouChina
| | - Jiafeng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science|GuangzhouChina
| | - Ying Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science|GuangzhouChina
| | - Dianlei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science|GuangzhouChina
| | - Huaxing Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science|GuangzhouChina
| | - Mingsen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science|GuangzhouChina
| | - Huizhen Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science|GuangzhouChina
| | - Jieying Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science|GuangzhouChina
| | - Kang Zhang
- Center for Biomedicine and Innovations, Faculty of MedicineMacau University of Science and TechnologyChina
| | - Jianping Ji
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science|GuangzhouChina
| | - Jin Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science|GuangzhouChina
| | - Hong Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic CenterSun Yat‐sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Visual Science|GuangzhouChina
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Feinberg K, Tajdaran K, Mirmoeini K, Daeschler SC, Henriquez MA, Stevens KE, Mulenga CM, Hussain A, Hamrah P, Ali A, Gordon T, Borschel GH. The Role of Sensory Innervation in Homeostatic and Injury-Induced Corneal Epithelial Renewal. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12615. [PMID: 37628793 PMCID: PMC10454376 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241612615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/05/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The cornea is the window through which we see the world. Corneal clarity is required for vision, and blindness occurs when the cornea becomes opaque. The cornea is covered by unique transparent epithelial cells that serve as an outermost cellular barrier bordering between the cornea and the external environment. Corneal sensory nerves protect the cornea from injury by triggering tearing and blink reflexes, and are also thought to regulate corneal epithelial renewal via unknown mechanism(s). When protective corneal sensory innervation is absent due to infection, trauma, intracranial tumors, surgery, or congenital causes, permanent blindness results from repetitive epithelial microtraumas and failure to heal. The condition is termed neurotrophic keratopathy (NK), with an incidence of 5:10,000 people worldwide. In this report, we review the currently available therapeutic solutions for NK and discuss the progress in our understanding of how the sensory nerves induce corneal epithelial renewal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Feinberg
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Kiana Tajdaran
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Kaveh Mirmoeini
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Simeon C. Daeschler
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
- Department of Hand, Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Burn Center, BG Trauma Hospital, Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, University of Heidelberg, 67071 Ludwigshafen, Germany
| | - Mario A. Henriquez
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Katelyn E. Stevens
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Chilando M. Mulenga
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Arif Hussain
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
| | - Pedram Hamrah
- Cornea Service, New England Eye Center, Tufts Medical Center, Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
- Center for Translational Ocular Immunology, Department of Ophthalmology, Tufts Medical Center, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02111, USA
| | - Asim Ali
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 1X8, Canada
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Sciences, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5T 3A9, Canada
| | - Tessa Gordon
- Program in Neurosciences and Mental Health, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON M5G 0A4, Canada
| | - Gregory H. Borschel
- Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN 46202, USA
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9
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Alaaeldin R, Ali FEM, Bekhit AA, Zhao QL, Fathy M. Inhibition of NF-kB/IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 Pathway and Epithelial-Mesenchymal Transition in Breast Cancer Cells by Azilsartan. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227825. [PMID: 36431925 PMCID: PMC9693603 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227825] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Metastatic breast cancer is an incurable form of breast cancer that exhibits high levels of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) markers. Angiotensin II has been linked to various signaling pathways involved in tumor cell growth and metastasis. The aim of this study is to investigate, for the first time, the anti-proliferative activity of azilsartan, an angiotensin II receptor blocker, against breast cancer cell lines MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 at the molecular level. Cell viability, cell cycle, apoptosis, colony formation, and cell migration assays were performed. RT-PCR and western blotting analysis were used to explain the molecular mechanism. Azilsartan significantly decreased the cancer cells survival, induced apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, and inhibited colony formation and cell migration abilities. Furthermore, azilsartan reduced the mRNA levels of NF-kB, TWIST, SNAIL, SLUG and bcl2, and increased the mRNA level of bax. Additionally, azilsartan inhibited the expression of IL-6, JAK2, STAT3, MMP9 and bcl2 proteins, and increased the expression of bax, c-PARP and cleaved caspase 3 protein. Interestingly, it reduced the in vivo metastatic capacity of MDA-MBA-231 breast cancer cells. In conclusion, the present study revealed, for the first time, the anti-proliferative, apoptotic, anti-migration and EMT inhibition activities of azilsartan against breast cancer cells through modulating NF-kB/IL-6/JAK2/STAT3/MMP9, TWIST/SNAIL/SLUG and apoptosis signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Alaaeldin
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minia 61111, Egypt
| | - Fares E. M. Ali
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, Assiut 71524, Egypt
| | | | - Qing-Li Zhao
- Department of Radiology, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
- Correspondence: (Q.-L.Z.); (M.F.)
| | - Moustafa Fathy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Minia 61519, Egypt
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
- Correspondence: (Q.-L.Z.); (M.F.)
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Hsa-miR-150-5p inhibits Wnt-β-catenin signaling in human corneal epithelial stem cells. Mol Vis 2022; 28:178-191. [PMID: 36274818 PMCID: PMC9491245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE In our earlier study, we identified hsa-miR-150-5p as a highly expressed miRNA in enriched corneal epithelial stem cells (CESCs). In this study, we aimed to understand the molecular regulatory function of hsa-miR-150-5p in association with the maintenance of stemness in CESCs. METHODS The target mRNAs of hsa-miR-150-5p were predicted and subjected to pathway analysis to identify targets for functional studies. Primary cultured limbal epithelial cells were transfected with hsa-miR-150-5p mimic, inhibitor, or scrambled sequence using Lipofectamine 3000. The transfected cells were analyzed to determine (i) their colony-forming potential; (ii) the expression levels of stem cell (SC) markers/transcription factors (ABCG2, NANOG, OCT4, KLF4, and ΔNp63), the differentiation marker (Cx43), and the hsa-miR-150-5p predicted targets (JARID2, INHBA, AKT3, and CTNNB1) by qPCR; and (iii) the expression levels of ABCG2, p63α, Cx43, JARID2, AKT3, p-AKT3, β-catenin, and active β-catenin by immunofluorescence staining and/or western blotting. RESULTS The ectopic expression level of hsa-miR-150-5p increased the colony-forming potential (8.29% ± 0.47%, p < 0.001) with the ability to form holoclone-like colonies compared with the control (1.8% ± 0.47%). The mimic-treated cells had higher expression levels of the SC markers but reduced expression levels of Cx43 and the targets of hsa-miR-150-5p that are involved in the Wnt-β-catenin signaling pathway. The expression levels of β-catenin and active β-catenin in the inhibitor-transfected cells were higher than those in the control cells, and the localized nuclear expression indicated the activation of Wnt signaling. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate a regulatory role for hsa-miR-150-5p in the maintenance of CESCs by inhibiting the Wnt signaling pathway.
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Trosan P, Cabral JV, Smeringaiova I, Studeny P, Jirsova K. Interleukin-13 increases the stemness of limbal epithelial stem cells cultures. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0272081. [PMID: 35917378 PMCID: PMC9345474 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0272081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to determine the effect of interleukin-13 (IL13) on the stemness, differentiation, proliferation, clonogenicity, and morphology of cultured limbal epithelial cells (LECs). Human limbal explants were used to culture LECs up to the second passage (P0-P2) with or without IL13 (IL13+ and IL13-, respectively). Cells were analyzed by qPCR (for the expression of ΔNp63α, BMI-1, keratin (K) 3, K7, K12, K14, K17, mucin 4, and MKI67) and immunofluorescence staining for p63α. The clonogenic ability was determined by colony-forming assay (CFA), and their metabolic activity was measured by WST-1 assay. The results of the CFA showed a significantly increased clonogenic ability in P1 and P2 cultures when LECs were cultured with IL13. In addition, the expression of putative stem cell markers (ΔNp63α, K14, and K17) was significantly higher in all IL13+ cultures compared to IL13-. Similarly, immunofluorescence analysis showed a significantly higher percentage of p63α positive cells in P2 cultures with IL13 than without it. LECs cultures without IL13 lost their cuboidal morphology with a high nucleocytoplasmic ratio after P1. The use of IL13 also led to significantly higher proliferation in P2, which can be reflected by a higher ability to reach confluence in P2 cultures. On the other hand, IL13 had no effect on corneal epithelial cell differentiation (K3 and K12 expression), and the expression of the conjunctival marker K7 significantly increased in all IL13+ cultures compared to the respective cell culture without IL13. This study showed that IL13 enhanced the stemness of LECs by increasing the clonogenicity and the expression of putative stem cell markers of LECs while maintaining their stem cell morphology. We established IL13 as a culture supplement for LESCs, which increases their stemness potential in culture, even after the second passage, and may lead to the greater success of LESCs transplantation in patients with LSCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peter Trosan
- Laboratory of the Biology and Pathology of the Eye, First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Ophthalmology, Rostock University Medical Center, Rostock, Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Joao Victor Cabral
- Laboratory of the Biology and Pathology of the Eye, First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Ingrida Smeringaiova
- Laboratory of the Biology and Pathology of the Eye, First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Studeny
- Ophthalmology Department of 3 Medical Faculty and University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Katerina Jirsova
- Laboratory of the Biology and Pathology of the Eye, First Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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Daeschler SC, Mirmoeini K, Gordon T, Chan K, Zhang J, Ali A, Feinberg K, Borschel GH. Sustained Release of Tacrolimus From a Topical Drug Delivery System Promotes Corneal Reinnervation. Transl Vis Sci Technol 2022; 11:20. [PMID: 35984668 PMCID: PMC9419461 DOI: 10.1167/tvst.11.8.20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Corneal nerve fibers provide sensation and maintain the epithelial renewal process. Insufficient corneal innervation can cause neurotrophic keratopathy. Here, topically delivered tacrolimus is evaluated for its therapeutic potential to promote corneal reinnervation in rats. Methods A compartmentalized neuronal cell culture was used to determine the effect of locally delivered tacrolimus on sensory axon regeneration in vitro. The regenerating axons but not the cell bodies were exposed to tacrolimus (50 ng/mL), nerve growth factor (50 ng/mL), or a vehicle control. Axon area and length were measured after 48 hours. Then, a biodegradable nanofiber drug delivery system was fabricated via electrospinning of a tacrolimus-loaded polycarbonate–urethane polymer. Biocompatibility, degradation, drug biodistribution, and therapeutic effectiveness were tested in a rat model of neurotrophic keratopathy induced by stereotactic trigeminal nerve ablation. Results Sensory neurons whose axons were exposed to tacrolimus regenerated significantly more and longer axons compared to vehicle-treated cultures. Trigeminal nerve ablation in rats reliably induced corneal denervation. Four weeks after denervation, rats that had received tacrolimus topically showed similar limbal innervation but a significantly higher nerve fiber density in the center of the cornea compared to the non-treated control. Topically applied tacrolimus was detectable in the ipsilateral vitreal body, the plasma, and the ipsilateral trigeminal ganglion but not in their contralateral counterparts and vital organs after 4 weeks of topical release. Conclusions Locally delivered tacrolimus promotes axonal regeneration in vitro and corneal reinnervation in vivo with minimal systemic drug exposure. Translational Relevance Topically applied tacrolimus may provide a readily translatable approach to promote corneal reinnervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Simeon C Daeschler
- Neurosciences & Mental Health Program, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Kaveh Mirmoeini
- Neurosciences & Mental Health Program, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Tessa Gordon
- Neurosciences & Mental Health Program, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Katelyn Chan
- Neurosciences & Mental Health Program, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jennifer Zhang
- Neurosciences & Mental Health Program, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Asim Ali
- Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Konstantin Feinberg
- Neurosciences & Mental Health Program, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Gregory H Borschel
- Neurosciences & Mental Health Program, SickKids Research Institute, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, The Hospital for Sick Children, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Surgery, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
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13
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Behaegel J, Tassignon MJ, Lagali N, Consejo A, Koppen C, Ní Dhubhghaill S. Outcomes of Human Leukocyte Antigen-Matched Allogeneic Cultivated Limbal Epithelial Transplantation in Aniridia-Associated Keratopathy-A Single-Center Retrospective Analysis. Cornea 2022; 41:69-77. [PMID: 33928920 PMCID: PMC8647694 DOI: 10.1097/ico.0000000000002729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2020] [Revised: 02/08/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the efficacy and safety of human leukocyte antigen-matched allogeneic cultivated limbal epithelial stem cell grafts in the treatment of aniridia-associated keratopathy (AAK). METHODS Six eyes of 6 patients with severe AAK received an allogeneic stem cell graft between January 2010 and March 2017. Anatomical and functional results were assessed at 6 months, 1 year, 2 years, and the final follow-up visit available. Safety analysis was performed by considering all perioperative and postoperative adverse events and additional surgeries required during the follow-up period. RESULTS The mean follow-up was 53.6 months (range 24-104 months). In most patients (80%), there was an early improvement of the keratopathy postoperatively, which slowly regressed during longer follow-up. At the final follow-up, 4 of the eyes were graded as failure and 1 eye was graded as partial success. Grading the sixth eye was not possible because of an adverse event. None of the patients maintained a total anatomical success in the long-term. Only 1 patient maintained a modest improvement in best-corrected visual acuity from hand motion to counting fingers. Four serious adverse events were recorded in 2 patients. CONCLUSIONS Severe AAK remains a challenging condition to manage. Transplantation of allogenic ex vivo cultivated limbal stem cells may provide a temporary improvement in ocular surface stability, but anatomical and functional results are poor in the long-term. The eyes are prone to adverse events, and any surgical treatment should take this into consideration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joséphine Behaegel
- Ophthalmology, Visual Optics and Visual Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Marie-José Tassignon
- Ophthalmology, Visual Optics and Visual Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Neil Lagali
- Division of Ophthalmology, Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Linkoping University, Linköping, Sweden; and
| | - Alejandra Consejo
- Department of Applied Physics, University of Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - Carina Koppen
- Ophthalmology, Visual Optics and Visual Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
| | - Sorcha Ní Dhubhghaill
- Ophthalmology, Visual Optics and Visual Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
- Department of Ophthalmology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
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14
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Bonnet C, González S, Roberts JS, Robertson SYT, Ruiz M, Zheng J, Deng SX. Human limbal epithelial stem cell regulation, bioengineering and function. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021; 85:100956. [PMID: 33676006 PMCID: PMC8428188 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.100956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The corneal epithelium is continuously renewed by limbal stem/progenitor cells (LSCs), a cell population harbored in a highly regulated niche located at the limbus. Dysfunction and/or loss of LSCs and their niche cause limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD), a disease that is marked by invasion of conjunctival epithelium into the cornea and results in failure of epithelial wound healing. Corneal opacity, pain, loss of vision, and blindness are the consequences of LSCD. Successful treatment of LSCD depends on accurate diagnosis and staging of the disease and requires restoration of functional LSCs and their niche. This review highlights the major advances in the identification of potential LSC biomarkers and components of the LSC niche, understanding of LSC regulation, methods and regulatory standards in bioengineering of LSCs, and diagnosis and staging of LSCD. Overall, this review presents key points for researchers and clinicians alike to consider in deepening the understanding of LSC biology and improving LSCD therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clémence Bonnet
- Cornea Division, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA; Cornea Department, Paris University, Cochin Hospital, AP-HP, F-75014, Paris, France
| | - Sheyla González
- Cornea Division, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - JoAnn S Roberts
- Cornea Division, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Sarah Y T Robertson
- Cornea Division, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Maxime Ruiz
- Cornea Division, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jie Zheng
- Basic Science Division, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Sophie X Deng
- Cornea Division, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
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15
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Abstract
PURPOSE In recent decades, the medical and surgical treatment of limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) has evolved significantly through the incorporation of innovative pharmacological strategies, surgical techniques, bioengineering, and cell therapy. With such a wide variety of options, there is a need to establish a global consensus on the preferred approaches for the medical and surgical treatment of LSCD. METHODS An international LSCD Working Group was established by the Cornea Society in 2012 and divided into subcommittees. Four face-to-face meetings, frequent email discussions, and teleconferences were conducted since then to reach agreement on a strategic plan and methods after a comprehensive literature search. A writing group drafted the current study. RESULTS A consensus in the medical and surgical management of LSCD was reached by the Working Group. Optimization of the ocular surface by eyelid and conjunctival reconstruction, antiinflammatory therapy, dry eye and meibomian gland dysfunction treatment, minimization of ocular surface toxicity from medications, topical medications that promote epithelialization, and use of a scleral lens is considered essential before surgical treatment of LSCD. Depending on the laterality, cause, and stage of LSCD, surgical strategies including conjunctival epitheliectomy, amniotic membrane transplantation, transplantation of limbal stem cells using different techniques and sources (allogeneic vs. autologous vs. ex vivo-cultivated), transplantation of oral mucosal epithelium, and keratoprosthesis can be performed as treatment. A stepwise flowchart for use in treatment decision-making was established. CONCLUSIONS This global consensus provides an up-to-date and comprehensive framework for the management of LSCD.
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16
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Lasagni Vitar RM, Rama P, Ferrari G. The two-faced effects of nerves and neuropeptides in corneal diseases. Prog Retin Eye Res 2021; 86:100974. [PMID: 34098111 DOI: 10.1016/j.preteyeres.2021.100974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2021] [Revised: 05/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Corneal nerves are instrumental to maintain cornea integrity through regulation of key physiological functions such as tear secretion, blink reflex, and neuropeptide turnover. Corneal nerve injury/stimulation can follow many insults including mechanical/chemical trauma, infections and surgeries. Nerve disruption initiates a process named neurogenic inflammation which leads to edema, pain, and recruitment and activation of leukocytes. Interestingly, leukocyte influx in the cornea can further damage nerves by releasing inflammatory mediators-including neuropeptides. The clinical outcome of neuroinflammation can be beneficial or detrimental to corneal integrity. On one side, it ensures prompt wound healing and prevents infections. On the other, prolonged and/or deranged neuroinflammation can permanently disrupt corneal integrity and impair vision. The cornea is an ideal site to study peripheral neuroinflammation and neurogenic inflammation since it receives the highest density of sensory nerves of the entire body. We will review the corneal nerve anatomy and neurochemistry, discuss the beneficial and detrimental effects of neurogenic inflammation in corneal wound healing, inflammatory processes, and pain. We will also examine the emerging remote impact of corneal nerve disruption on the trigeminal ganglion and the brain, highlighting the key role of neuropeptide Substance P. Finally, we will discuss the clinical relevance of such neuroinflammatory network in the context of severe and highly prevalent ocular diseases, including potential treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Romina Mayra Lasagni Vitar
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Paolo Rama
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy
| | - Giulio Ferrari
- Cornea and Ocular Surface Disease Unit, Eye Repair Lab, IRCCS San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Milan, Italy.
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17
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Liu X, Xu S, Wang Y, Jin X, Shi Y, Zhang H. Bilateral Limbal Stem Cell Alterations in Patients With Unilateral Herpes Simplex Keratitis and Herpes Zoster Ophthalmicus as Shown by In Vivo Confocal Microscopy. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2021; 62:12. [PMID: 33974047 PMCID: PMC8114006 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.62.6.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose The purpose of this study was to investigate the limbal changes in the palisades of Vogt (POV) in patients with herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) and herpes zoster ophthalmicus (HZO) with the application of in vivo confocal microscopy (IVCM). Methods We enrolled 35 eyes of 35 consecutive patients with HSK and 4 patients with HZO in this observational study. Thirty-five participants were also recruited from a healthy population as the control group. All subjects were examined by IVCM in addition to routine slit-lamp biomicroscopy. The IVCM images of the corneal basal epithelial cells, corneal nerve, and the corneoscleral limbus were acquired and then were analyzed semiquantitatively. Results The rate of absent and atypical POV was significantly higher in the affected eyes of patients with HSK than in the contralateral eyes and eyes of controls (88.57% vs. 65.71% vs. 17.14%, P < 0.01). In the HZO group, the rate of absent and atypical POV was 100% in the affected eyes and 50% in the contralateral eyes. When compared to the contralateral unaffected eyes and control eyes, the average density of the central basal epithelial cells and the sub-basal nerve plexus density and the total number of nerves in the central area of the affected eyes were significantly lower in the HSK group (1541 ± 704.4 vs. 2510 ± 746.8 vs. 3650 ± 746.1 cells/mm2, P < 0.0001). Spearman's rank correlation showed that the presence of absent and atypical POV had a significant negative correlation with central corneal basal epithelial cells (rs = −0.44979, P < 0.0001), the density of total nerves (rs = −0.49742, P < 0.0001), and the total nerve numbers (rs = −0.48437, P < 0.0001). A significant positive correlation was established between the presence of absent and atypical POV and HSK severity in affected eyes in the superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal quadrants (rs = 0.68940, rs = 0.78715, rs = 0.65591, and rs = 0.75481, respectively, P < 0.0001) and the contralateral eyes (rs = 0.51636, rs = 0.36207, rs = 0.36990, rs = 0.51241, correspondingly, P < 0.0001). Conclusions Both eyes of patients with unilateral HSK and HZO demonstrated a profound and significant loss of limbal stem cells, which may explain the fact that HSK and HZO are risk factors for limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) in both eyes. The loss of LSCs was strongly correlated with the sub-basal nerve plexus and central basal epithelial cell alterations as shown by IVCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xintian Liu
- Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.143, Yiman Street, Harbin City, Nangang District, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Shuo Xu
- Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.143, Yiman Street, Harbin City, Nangang District, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yingbin Wang
- Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.143, Yiman Street, Harbin City, Nangang District, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.143, Yiman Street, Harbin City, Nangang District, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Yan Shi
- Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.143, Yiman Street, Harbin City, Nangang District, Heilongjiang Province, China
| | - Hong Zhang
- Eye Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, No.143, Yiman Street, Harbin City, Nangang District, Heilongjiang Province, China
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18
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Collin J, Queen R, Zerti D, Bojic S, Dorgau B, Moyse N, Molina MM, Yang C, Dey S, Reynolds G, Hussain R, Coxhead JM, Lisgo S, Henderson D, Joseph A, Rooney P, Ghosh S, Clarke L, Connon C, Haniffa M, Figueiredo F, Armstrong L, Lako M. A single cell atlas of human cornea that defines its development, limbal progenitor cells and their interactions with the immune cells. Ocul Surf 2021; 21:279-298. [PMID: 33865984 PMCID: PMC8343164 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2021.03.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Single cell (sc) analyses of key embryonic, fetal and adult stages were performed to generate a comprehensive single cell atlas of all the corneal and adjacent conjunctival cell types from development to adulthood. Methods Four human adult and seventeen embryonic and fetal corneas from 10 to 21 post conception week (PCW) specimens were dissociated to single cells and subjected to scRNA- and/or ATAC-Seq using the 10x Genomics platform. These were embedded using Uniform Manifold Approximation and Projection (UMAP) and clustered using Seurat graph-based clustering. Cluster identification was performed based on marker gene expression, bioinformatic data mining and immunofluorescence (IF) analysis. RNA interference, IF, colony forming efficiency and clonal assays were performed on cultured limbal epithelial cells (LECs). Results scRNA-Seq analysis of 21,343 cells from four adult human corneas and adjacent conjunctivas revealed the presence of 21 cell clusters, representing the progenitor and differentiated cells in all layers of cornea and conjunctiva as well as immune cells, melanocytes, fibroblasts, and blood/lymphatic vessels. A small cell cluster with high expression of limbal progenitor cell (LPC) markers was identified and shown via pseudotime analysis to give rise to five other cell types representing all the subtypes of differentiated limbal and corneal epithelial cells. A novel putative LPCs surface marker, GPHA2, expressed on the surface of 0.41% ± 0.21 of the cultured LECs, was identified, based on predominant expression in the limbal crypts of adult and developing cornea and RNAi validation in cultured LECs. Combining scRNA- and ATAC-Seq analyses, we identified multiple upstream regulators for LPCs and demonstrated a close interaction between the immune cells and limbal progenitor cells. RNA-Seq analysis indicated the loss of GPHA2 expression and acquisition of proliferative limbal basal epithelial cell markers during ex vivo LEC expansion, independently of the culture method used. Extending the single cell analyses to keratoconus, we were able to reveal activation of collagenase in the corneal stroma and a reduced pool of limbal suprabasal cells as two key changes underlying the disease phenotype. Single cell RNA-Seq of 89,897 cells obtained from embryonic and fetal cornea indicated that during development, the conjunctival epithelium is the first to be specified from the ocular surface epithelium, followed by the corneal epithelium and the establishment of LPCs, which predate the formation of limbal niche by a few weeks. Conclusions Our scRNA-and ATAC-Seq data of developing and adult cornea in steady state and disease conditions provide a unique resource for defining genes/pathways that can lead to improvement in ex vivo LPCs expansion, stem cell differentiation methods and better understanding and treatment of ocular surface disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph Collin
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Rachel Queen
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Darin Zerti
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Sanja Bojic
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Birthe Dorgau
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Nicky Moyse
- Newcastle Cellular Therapies Facility, Newcastle University and Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, UK
| | - Marina Moya Molina
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Chunbo Yang
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Sunanda Dey
- Department of Genetics and Developmental Biology, The Ruth and Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Israel
| | - Gary Reynolds
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Rafiqul Hussain
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Jonathan M Coxhead
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Steven Lisgo
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Deborah Henderson
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Agatha Joseph
- NHS Blood and Transplant Tissue and Eye Services, Liverpool, UK
| | - Paul Rooney
- NHS Blood and Transplant Tissue and Eye Services, Liverpool, UK
| | - Saurabh Ghosh
- Sunderland Eye Infirmary, South Tyneside and Sunderland NHS Foundation Trust, Sunderland, UK
| | - Lucy Clarke
- UK Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victoria Infirmary and Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Che Connon
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Muzlifah Haniffa
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK
| | - Francisco Figueiredo
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK; UK Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victoria Infirmary and Newcastle University, Newcastle, UK
| | - Lyle Armstrong
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK.
| | - Majlinda Lako
- Biosciences Institute, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Newcastle University, UK.
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19
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Zha K, Yang Y, Tian G, Sun Z, Yang Z, Li X, Sui X, Liu S, Zhao J, Guo Q. Nerve growth factor (NGF) and NGF receptors in mesenchymal stem/stromal cells: Impact on potential therapies. Stem Cells Transl Med 2021; 10:1008-1020. [PMID: 33586908 PMCID: PMC8235142 DOI: 10.1002/sctm.20-0290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2020] [Revised: 12/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) are promising for the treatment of degenerative diseases and traumatic injuries. However, MSC engraftment is not always successful and requires a strong comprehension of the cytokines and their receptors that mediate the biological behaviors of MSCs. The effects of nerve growth factor (NGF) and its two receptors, TrkA and p75NTR, on neural cells are well studied. Increasing evidence shows that NGF, TrkA, and p75NTR are also involved in various aspects of MSC function, including their survival, growth, differentiation, and angiogenesis. The regulatory effect of NGF on MSCs is thought to be achieved mainly through its binding to TrkA. p75NTR, another receptor of NGF, is regarded as a novel surface marker of MSCs. This review provides an overview of advances in understanding the roles of NGF and its receptors in MSCs as well as the effects of MSC‐derived NGF on other cell types, which will provide new insight for the optimization of MSC‐based therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kangkang Zha
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries, PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu Yang
- Department of Othopaedics, Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Guangzhao Tian
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries, PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhiqiang Sun
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries, PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries, PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China.,School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Li
- Musculoskeletal Research Laboratory, Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Innovative Orthopaedic Biomaterial and Drug Translational Research Laboratory, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiang Sui
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries, PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Shuyun Liu
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries, PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jinmin Zhao
- Department of Othopaedics, Trauma and Hand Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanyi Guo
- Institute of Orthopaedics, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing Key Lab of Regenerative Medicine in Orthopaedics, Key Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Trauma and War Injuries, PLA, Beijing, People's Republic of China
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20
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Guo ZH, Jia YYS, Zeng YM, Li ZF, Lin JS. Transcriptome analysis identifies the differentially expressed genes related to the stemness of limbal stem cells in mice. Gene 2021; 775:145447. [PMID: 33482278 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2021.145447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/13/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Limbal stem cells (LSCs) reside in the basal layer of limbal epithelial cells (LECs). They are crucial for maintenance of corneal epithelium homeostasis and corneal wound healing. Their stemness is determined by their gene expression pattern. Despite of several positive identifiers have been reported, the unique biomarker for LSCs still remain elusive. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between stem cells and differentiated cells affect the fate of stem cells via specific signaling pathway. In order to understand the DEGs in the LSCs, RNA-seq was firstly conducted using a mouse model. A total of 1907 up-regulated DEGs and 395 down-regulated DEGs were identified in the limbus (L) compared to central cornea (CC) and conjunctiva (Cj). Reliability of the expression of genes from RNA-seq analysis was evaluated by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and immunofluorescence staining. The expression pattern of putative biomarkers was considered to be age-related. In up-regulated DEGs GO analysis, 570 gene ontology (GO) terms were significantly enriched. Five groups of genes related with biological processes from these significantly enriched GO terms comprised ionic transport, regulation of tissue development, muscle contraction, visual perception, and cell adhesion, which were clustered as a weighted similar network. Whereas, in down-regulated DEGs GO analysis, 61 GO terms were significantly enriched and only one group of ATP biosynthesis and metabolic process were clustered. Furthermore, we identified 55 signaling pathways by the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database based on up-regulated genes and 14 KEGG pathways based on down-regulated genes. In this study, we provide a landscape of the expression of putative LSCs biomarkers and stemness-related signaling pathways in a mouse model. Our findings could aid in the identification of LSC niche factors that may be related to the stemness of the LSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Hou Guo
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362021, China; Stem Cell Laboratory, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, China
| | | | - Yi Ming Zeng
- The Second Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, China
| | - Zhao Fa Li
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362021, China
| | - Jun Sheng Lin
- School of Medicine, Huaqiao University, Quanzhou, Fujian 362021, China.
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21
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Ghareeb AE, Lako M, Figueiredo FC. Recent Advances in Stem Cell Therapy for Limbal Stem Cell Deficiency: A Narrative Review. Ophthalmol Ther 2020; 9:809-831. [PMID: 32970311 PMCID: PMC7708613 DOI: 10.1007/s40123-020-00305-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Destruction of the limbus and depletion of limbal stem cells (LSCs), the adult progenitors of the corneal epithelium, leads to limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD). LSCD is a rare, progressive ocular surface disorder which results in conjunctivalisation and neovascularisation of the corneal surface. Many strategies have been used in the treatment of LSCD, the common goal of which is to regenerate a self-renewing, transparent, and uniform epithelium on the corneal surface. The development of these techniques has frequently resulted from collaboration between stem cell translational scientists and ophthalmologists. Direct transplantation of autologous or allogeneic limbal tissue from a healthy donor eye is regarded by many as the technique of choice. Expansion of harvested LSCs in vitro allows smaller biopsies to be taken from the donor eye and is considered safer and more acceptable to patients. This technique may be utilised in unilateral cases (autologous) or bilateral cases (living related donor). Recently developed, simple limbal epithelial transplant (SLET) can be performed with equally small biopsies but does not require in vitro cell culture facilities. In the case of bilateral LSCD, where autologous limbal tissue is not available, autologous oral mucosa epithelium can be expanded in vitro and transplanted to the diseased eye. Data on long-term outcomes (over 5 years of follow-up) for many of these procedures is needed, and it remains unclear how they produce a self-renewing epithelium without recreating the vital stem cell niche. Bioengineering techniques offer the ability to re-create the physical characteristics of the stem cell niche, while induced pluripotent stem cells offer an unlimited supply of autologous LSCs. In vivo confocal microscopy and anterior segment OCT will complement impression cytology in the diagnosis, staging, and follow-up of LSCD. In this review we analyse recent advances in the pathology, diagnosis, and treatment of LSCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ali E Ghareeb
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.,Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Majlinda Lako
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK
| | - Francisco C Figueiredo
- Biosciences Institute, Newcastle University, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK. .,Department of Ophthalmology, Royal Victoria Infirmary, Newcastle Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK.
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22
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Hou L, Fu W, Liu Y, Wang Q, Wang L, Huang Y. Agrin Promotes Limbal Stem Cell Proliferation and Corneal Wound Healing Through Hippo-Yap Signaling Pathway. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2020; 61:7. [PMID: 32392315 PMCID: PMC7405682 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.61.5.7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose To investigate the effect and mechanism of Agrin on limbal stem cell proliferation and corneal wound healing. Methods Limbal stem cells were isolated and treated with different concentrations of Agrin. CCK-8 and cell proliferation markers (Ki67 and pH3) were detected to evaluate cell numbers or proliferative potential of limbal stem cells. The corneal epithelium wound model was induced by debridement of central corneal epithelial, and the effects of Agrin on limbal stem cell proliferation and corneal epithelial wound healing rate were determined. Results Agrin promoted the proliferation of cultured limbal stem cells in vitro and increased the expression level of p63α rather than keratin 12. Furthermore, Agrin accelerated the wound healing rate of corneal epithelium through activating limbal stem cell proliferation in vivo. In terms of mechanism, Agrin could facilitate the dephosphorylation of Yap1, which contributed to the nuclear translocation of Yap1 and expression of Cyclin D1, and subsequently promoted proliferation of limbal stem cells. Conclusions Agrin promotes the proliferation of limbal stem cells and accelerates the healing rate of corneal wound through Hippo-Yap signaling pathway.
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23
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Hernáez-Moya R, González S, Urkaregi A, Pijoan JI, Deng SX, Andollo N. Expansion of Human Limbal Epithelial Stem/Progenitor Cells Using Different Human Sera: A Multivariate Statistical Analysis. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21176132. [PMID: 32854428 PMCID: PMC7503296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21176132] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 08/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of human cultured limbal epithelial stem/progenitor cells (LESCs) has demonstrated to restore the integrity and functionality of the corneal surface in about 76% of patients with limbal stem cell deficiency. However, there are different protocols for the expansion of LESCs, and many of them use xenogeneic products, being a risk for the patients’ health. We compared the culture of limbal explants on the denuded amniotic membrane in the culture medium—supplemental hormone epithelial medium (SHEM)—supplemented with FBS or two differently produced human sera. Cell morphology, cell size, cell growth rate, and the expression level of differentiation and putative stem cell markers were examined. Several bioactive molecules were quantified in the human sera. In a novel approach, we performed a multivariate statistical analysis of data to investigate the culture factors, such as differently expressed molecules of human sera that specifically influence the cell phenotype. Our results showed that limbal cells cultured with human sera grew faster and contained similar amounts of small-sized cells, higher expression of the protein p63α, and lower of cytokeratin K12 than FBS cultures, thus, maintaining the stem/progenitor phenotype of LESCs. Furthermore, the multivariate analysis provided much data to better understand the obtaining of different cell phenotypes as a consequence of the use of different culture methodologies or different culture components.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Hernáez-Moya
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine and Nursing, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain;
| | - Sheyla González
- Cornea Division, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (S.G.); (S.X.D.)
| | - Arantza Urkaregi
- Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics and Operational Research, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain;
| | - Jose Ignacio Pijoan
- Clinical Epidemiology Unit, Cruces University Hospital, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, 48903 Barakaldo, Bizkaia, Spain;
| | - Sophie X. Deng
- Cornea Division, Stein Eye Institute, University of California, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA; (S.G.); (S.X.D.)
| | - Noelia Andollo
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, School of Medicine and Nursing, Biocruces Bizkaia Health Research Institute, University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU, 48940 Leioa, Bizkaia, Spain;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +34-94-601-3295
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24
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Tseng SCG, Chen SY, Mead OG, Tighe S. Niche regulation of limbal epithelial stem cells: HC-HA/PTX3 as surrogate matrix niche. Exp Eye Res 2020; 199:108181. [PMID: 32795525 DOI: 10.1016/j.exer.2020.108181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Revised: 06/15/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Homeostasis of the corneal epithelium is ultimately maintained by stem cells that reside in a specialized microenvironment within the corneal limbus termed palisades of Vogt. This limbal niche nourishes, protects, and regulates quiescence, self-renewal, and fate decision of limbal epithelial stem/progenitor cells (LEPCs) toward corneal epithelial differentiation. This review focuses on our current understanding of the mechanism by which limbal (stromal) niche cells (LNCs) regulate the aforementioned functions of LEPCs. Based on our discovery and characterization of a unique extracellular matrix termed HC-HA/PTX3 (Heavy chain (HC1)-hyaluronan (HA)/pentraxin 3 (PTX3) complex, "-" denotes covalent linkage; "/" denotes non-covalent binding) in the birth tissue, i.e., amniotic membrane and umbilical cord, we put forth a new paradigm that HC-HA/PTX3 serves as a surrogate matrix niche by maintaining the in vivo nuclear Pax6+ neural crest progenitor phenotype to support quiescence and self-renewal but prevent corneal fate decision of LEPCs. This new paradigm helps explain how limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD) develops in aniridia due to Pax6-haplotype deficiency and further explains why transplantation of HC-HA/PTX3-containing amniotic membrane prevents LSCD in acute chemical burns and Stevens Johnson syndrome, augments the success of autologous LEPCs transplantation in patients suffering from partial or total LSCD, and assists ex vivo expansion (engineering) of a graft containing LEPCs. We thus envisage that this new paradigm based on regenerative matrix HC-HA/PTX3 as a surrogate niche can set a new standard for regenerative medicine in and beyond ophthalmology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Scheffer C G Tseng
- Research & Development Department, TissueTech, Inc., Miami, FL, 33126, USA; Ocular Surface Center and Ocular Surface Research & Education Foundation, Miami, FL, 33126, USA.
| | - Szu-Yu Chen
- Research & Development Department, TissueTech, Inc., Miami, FL, 33126, USA
| | - Olivia G Mead
- Research & Development Department, TissueTech, Inc., Miami, FL, 33126, USA
| | - Sean Tighe
- Research & Development Department, TissueTech, Inc., Miami, FL, 33126, USA; Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, 33136, USA; Department of Ophthalmology, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
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25
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Cabral JV, Jackson CJ, Utheim TP, Jirsova K. Ex vivo cultivated oral mucosal epithelial cell transplantation for limbal stem cell deficiency: a review. Stem Cell Res Ther 2020; 11:301. [PMID: 32693830 PMCID: PMC7374839 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-020-01783-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Destruction or dysfunction of limbal epithelial stem cells (LESCs) leads to unilateral or bilateral limbal stem cell deficiency (LSCD). Fifteen years have passed since the first transplantation of ex vivo cultivated oral mucosal epithelial cells (COMET) in humans in 2004, which represents the first use of a cultured non-limbal autologous cell type to treat bilateral LSCD. This review summarizes clinical outcomes from COMET studies published from 2004 to 2019 and reviews results with emphasis on the culture methods by which grafted cell sheets were prepared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joao Victor Cabral
- Laboratory of the Biology and Pathology of the Eye, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Catherine Joan Jackson
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Oral Biology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway
| | - Tor Paaske Utheim
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Oslo University Hospital, Oslo, Norway.,Department of Ophthalmology, Sørlandet Hospital Trust Arendal, Arendal, Norway
| | - Katerina Jirsova
- Laboratory of the Biology and Pathology of the Eye, Institute of Biology and Medical Genetics, First Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and General University Hospital in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
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26
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Chen H, Zhang J, Dai Y, Xu J. Nerve growth factor inhibits TLR3-induced inflammatory cascades in human corneal epithelial cells. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2019; 16:27. [PMID: 31889912 PMCID: PMC6933932 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-019-0232-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 12/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Background In herpes simplex epithelial keratitis, excessive TLR3-induced cellular responses after virus infection evoke inflammatory cascades that might be destructive to the host cornea. Nerve growth factor (NGF), a pluripotent neurotrophic factor with immune regulatory effect, was proved to be effective in Herpes simplex keratitis (HSK) treatment, although the detailed mechanisms remain unclear. This study aims to investigate the effects of NGF on modulating inflammatory responses triggered by TLR3 activation in human corneal epithelial cells (HCECs) in vitro. Methods HCECs were stimulated with TLR3 agonist, poly(I:C), in the absence or presence of NGF. Cell viability and cytotoxicity were measured by a CCK-8 assay and LDH release assay, respectively. The activation of NF-κB signaling pathway was examined using immunofluorescence staining and western blotting. Levels of proinflammatory cytokines were determined by ELISA or RT-qPCR. ROS generation and 8-OHdG positive cells were examined by a fluorometric analysis. Results It was shown that NGF significantly inhibited the generation of proinflammatory cytokines in HCECs triggered by TLR3 activation (P < 0.05), probably via suppressing NF-κB activation. NGF also impeded the upstream signal to initiate NF-κB activation by scavenging ROS by approximately 50% (P < 0.05). In addition, 8-OHdG positive cells were substantially attenuated by NGF treatment (P < 0.01). Conclusions Taken together, this study indicates that NGF could inhibit TLR3-induced inflammatory cascades in HCECs, suggesting NGF as a potential therapeutic agent for HSK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyu Chen
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye & ENT Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of myopia (Fudan University); Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Jing Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye & ENT Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of myopia (Fudan University); Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Yiqin Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye & ENT Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of myopia (Fudan University); Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 China
| | - Jianjiang Xu
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Eye & ENT Hospital, NHC Key Laboratory of myopia (Fudan University); Shanghai Key Laboratory of Visual Impairment and Restoration, Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University, Shanghai, 200031 China
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