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Cheng F, He J, Yang J. Bone marrow microenvironment: roles and therapeutic implications in obesity-associated cancer. Trends Cancer 2023; 9:566-577. [PMID: 37087397 PMCID: PMC10329995 DOI: 10.1016/j.trecan.2023.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/17/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/24/2023]
Abstract
Obesity is increasing globally and has been closely linked to the initiation and progression of multiple human cancers. These relationships, to a large degree, are mediated through obesity-driven disruption of physiological homeostasis characterized by local and systemic endocrinologic, inflammatory, and metabolic changes. Bone marrow microenvironment (BMME), which evolves during obesity, has been implicated in multiple types of cancer. Growing evidence shows that physiological dysfunction of BMME with altered cellular composition, stromal and immune cell function, and energy metabolism, as well as inflammation and hypoxia, in the context of obesity contributes to cancer initiation and progression. Nonetheless, the mechanisms underlying the obesity-BMME-cancer axis remain elusive. In this review, we discuss the recent advances in understanding the evolution of BMME during obesity, its contributions to cancer initiation and progression, and the implications for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feifei Cheng
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jin He
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Houston Methodist Cancer Center, Houston Methodist Research Institute, Houston Methodist Hospital, Houston, TX, USA.
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2
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Chemotherapy-induced tumor immunogenicity is mediated in part by megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors. Oncogene 2023; 42:771-781. [PMID: 36646904 PMCID: PMC9984299 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-023-02590-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Chemotherapy remains one of the main treatment modalities for cancer. While chemotherapy is mainly known for its ability to kill tumor cells directly, accumulating evidence indicates that it also acts indirectly by enhancing T cell-mediated anti-tumor immunity sometimes through immunogenic cell death. However, the role of immature immune cells in chemotherapy-induced immunomodulation has not been studied. Here, we utilized a mouse pancreatic cancer model to characterize the effects of gemcitabine chemotherapy on immature bone marrow cells in the context of tumor immunogenicity. Single cell RNA sequencing of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells revealed a 3-fold increase in megakaryocyte-erythroid progenitors (MEPs) in the bone marrow of gemcitabine-treated mice in comparison to untreated control mice. Notably, adoptive transfer of MEPs to pancreatic tumor-bearing mice significantly reduced tumor growth and increased the levels of anti-tumor immune cells in tumors and peripheral blood. Furthermore, MEPs increased the tumor cell killing activity of CD8 + T cells and NK cells, an effect that was dependent on MEP-secreted CCL5 and CXCL16. Collectively, our findings demonstrate that chemotherapy-induced enrichment of MEPs in the bone marrow compartment contributes to anti-tumor immunity.
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3
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Fenton GA, Mitchell DA. Cellular Cancer Immunotherapy Development and Manufacturing in the Clinic. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:843-857. [PMID: 36383184 PMCID: PMC9975672 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-22-2257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/22/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The transfusion of naturally derived or modified cellular therapies, referred to as adoptive cell therapy (ACT), has demonstrated clinical efficacy in the treatment of hematologic malignancies and metastatic melanoma. In addition, cellular vaccination, such as dendritic cell-based cancer vaccines, continues to be actively explored. The manufacturing of these therapies presents a considerable challenge to expanding the use of ACT as a viable treatment modality, particularly at academic production facilities. Furthermore, the expanding commercial interest in ACT presents new opportunities as well as strategic challenges for the future vision of cellular manufacturing in academic centers. Current trends in the production of ACT at tertiary care centers and prospects for improved manufacturing practices that will foster further clinical benefit are reviewed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graeme A Fenton
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Duane A Mitchell
- Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.,Preston A. Wells Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
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4
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DiVita Dean B, Wildes T, Dean J, Yegorov O, Yang C, Shin D, Francis C, Figg JW, Sebastian M, Font LF, Jin D, Reid A, Moore G, Fernandez B, Wummer B, Kuizon C, Mitchell D, Flores CT. Immunotherapy reverses glioma-driven dysfunction of immune system homeostasis. J Immunother Cancer 2023; 11:e004805. [PMID: 36750252 PMCID: PMC9906384 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2022-004805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 02/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Glioma-induced immune dysregulation of the hematopoietic system has been described in a limited number of studies. In this study, our group further demonstrates that gliomas interrupt the cellular differentiation programming and outcomes of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) in the bone marrow. HSPCs from glioma-bearing mice are reprogrammed and driven towards expansion of myeloid lineage precursors and myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSCs) in secondary lymphoid organs. However, we found this expansion is reversed by immunotherapy. Adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) has been demonstrably efficacious in multiple preclinical models of central nervous system (CNS) malignancies, and here we describe how glioma-induced dysfunction is reversed by this immunotherapeutic platform. METHODS The impact of orthotopic KR158B-luc glioma on HSPCs was evaluated in an unbiased fashion using single cell RNAseq (scRNAseq) of lineage- cells and phenotypically using flow cytometry. Mature myeloid cell frequencies and function were also evaluated using flow cytometry. Finally, ACT containing total body irradiation, tumor RNA-pulsed dendritic cells, tumor-reactive T cells and HSPCs isolated from glioma-bearing or non-tumor-bearing mice were used to evaluate cell fate differentiation and survival. RESULTS Using scRNAseq, we observed an altered HSPC landscape in glioma-bearing versus non-tumor-bearing mice . In addition, an expansion of myeloid lineage subsets, including granulocyte macrophage precursors (GMPs) and MDSCs, were observed in glioma-bearing mice relative to non-tumor-bearing controls. Furthermore, MDSCs from glioma-bearing mice demonstrated increased suppressive capacity toward tumor-specific T cells as compared with MDSCs from non-tumor-bearing hosts. Interestingly, treatment with ACT overcame these suppressive properties. When HSPCs from glioma-bearing mice were transferred in the context of ACT, we observed significant survival benefit and long-term cures in orthotopic glioma models compared with mice treated with ACT using non-glioma-bearing HSPCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bayli DiVita Dean
- Lillian S Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Tyler Wildes
- Lillian S Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Joseph Dean
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Oleg Yegorov
- Lillian S Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Changlin Yang
- Lillian S Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - David Shin
- Lillian S Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Connor Francis
- Lillian S Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - John W Figg
- Lillian S Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Mathew Sebastian
- Lillian S Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Laura Falceto Font
- Lillian S Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Dan Jin
- Lillian S Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Alexandra Reid
- Lillian S Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Ginger Moore
- Lillian S Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Brandon Fernandez
- Lillian S Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Brandon Wummer
- Lillian S Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Carmelle Kuizon
- Lillian S Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Duane Mitchell
- Lillian S Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
| | - Catherine T Flores
- Lillian S Wells Department of Neurosurgery, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, USA
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5
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Vaughan KL, Franchini AM, Kern HG, Lawrence BP. The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Modulates Murine Hematopoietic Stem Cell Homeostasis and Influences Lineage-Biased Stem and Progenitor Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:970-980. [PMID: 34428990 PMCID: PMC8851211 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2021.0096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The core function of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) is to provide lifelong production of all lineages of the blood and immune cells. The mechanisms that modulate HSPC homeostasis and lineage biasing are not fully understood. Growing evidence implicates the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR), an environment-sensing transcription factor, as a regulator of hematopoiesis. AHR ligands modulate the frequency of mature hematopoietic cells in the bone marrow and periphery, while HSPCs from mice lacking AHR (AHR KO) have increased proliferation. Yet, whether AHR modulates HSPC lineage potential and directs differentiation toward specific lineage-biased progenitors is not well understood. This study revealed that AHR KO mice have an increased proportion of myeloid-biased HSCs and myeloid-biased multipotent progenitor (MPP3) cells. Utilizing inducible AHR knockout mice (iAHR KO), it was discovered that acute deletion of AHR doubled the number of MPP3 cells and altered the composition of downstream lineage-committed progenitors, such as increased frequency of pregranulocyte/premonocyte committed progenitors. Furthermore, in vivo antagonism of the AHR led to a 2.5-fold increase in the number of MPP3 cells and promoted myeloid-biased differentiation. Using hematopoietic-specific conditional AHR knockout mice (AHRVav1) revealed that increased frequency of myeloid-biased HSCs and myeloid-biased progenitors is driven by AHR signaling that is intrinsic to the hematopoietic compartment. These findings demonstrate that the AHR plays a pivotal role in regulating steady-state hematopoiesis, influencing HSPC homeostasis and lineage potential. In addition, the data presented provide potential insight into how deliberate modulation of AHR signaling could help with the treatment of a broad range of diseases that require the hematopoietic compartment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keegan L. Vaughan
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Anthony M. Franchini
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - Harrison G. Kern
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
| | - B. Paige Lawrence
- Department of Environmental Medicine, University of Rochester School of Medicine and Dentistry, Rochester, New York, USA
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6
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Birhan YS, Tsai HC. Recent developments in selenium-containing polymeric micelles: prospective stimuli, drug-release behaviors, and intrinsic anticancer activity. J Mater Chem B 2021; 9:6770-6801. [PMID: 34350452 DOI: 10.1039/d1tb01253c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Selenium is capable of forming a dynamic covalent bond with itself and other elements and can undergo metathesis and regeneration reactions under optimum conditions. Its dynamic nature endows selenium-containing polymers with striking sensitivity towards some environmental alterations. In the past decade, several selenium-containing polymers were synthesized and used for the preparation of oxidation-, reduction-, and radiation-responsive nanocarriers. Recently, thioredoxin reductase, sonication, and osmotic pressure triggered the cleavage of Se-Se bonds and swelling or disassembly of nanostructures. Moreover, some selenium-containing nanocarriers form oxidation products such as seleninic acids and acrylates with inherent anticancer activities. Thus, selenium-containing polymers hold promise for the fabrication of ultrasensitive and multifunctional nanocarriers of radiotherapeutic, chemotherapeutic, and immunotherapeutic significance. Herein, we discuss the most recent developments in selenium-containing polymeric micelles in light of their architecture, multiple stimuli-responsive properties, emerging immunomodulatory activities, and future perspectives in the delivery and controlled release of anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yihenew Simegniew Birhan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Natural and Computational Sciences, Debre Markos University, P.O. Box 269, Debre Markos, Ethiopia
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Figueiredo ML, Letteri R, Chan-Seng D, Kumar S, Rivera-Cruz CM, Emrick TS. Reengineering Tumor Microenvironment with Sequential Interleukin Delivery. Bioengineering (Basel) 2021; 8:bioengineering8070090. [PMID: 34209203 PMCID: PMC8301035 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering8070090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2021] [Revised: 06/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Some cytokines can reengineer anti-tumor immunity to modify the tumor micro-environment. Interleukin-27 (IL-27) can partially reduce tumor growth in several animal models, including prostate cancer. We hypothesized that addition of IL-18, which can induce the proliferation of several immune effector cells through inducing IFNγ could synergize with IL-27 to enhance tumor growth control. We describe our findings on the effects of IL-27 gene delivery on prostate cancer cells and how sequential therapy with IL-18 enhanced the efficacy of IL-27. The combination of IL-27 followed by IL-18 (27→18) successfully reduced cancer cell viability, with significant effects in cell culture and in an immunocompetent mouse model. We also examined a novel chimeric cytokine, comprising an IL-27 targeted at the C-terminus with a short peptide, LSLITRL (27pepL). This novel cytokine targets a receptor upregulated in tumor cells (IL-6Rα) via the pepL ligand. Interestingly, when we compared the 27→18 combination with the single 27pepL therapy, we observed a similar efficacy for both. This efficacy was further enhanced when 27pepL was sequenced with IL-18 (27pepL→18). The observed reduction in tumor growth and significantly enriched canonical pathways and upstream regulators, as well as specific immune effector signatures (as determined by bioinformatics analyses in the tumor microenvironment) supported the therapeutic design, whereby IL-27 or 27pepL can be more effective when delivered with IL-18. This cytokine sequencing approach allows flexible incorporation of both gene delivery and recombinant cytokines as tools to augment IL-27's bioactivity and reengineer efficacy against prostate tumors and may prove applicable in other therapeutic settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marxa L. Figueiredo
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, 625 Harrison St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (S.K.); (C.M.R.-C.)
- Purdue Center for Cancer Research and Purdue Institute for Drug Discovery, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-765-494-5790
| | - Rachel Letteri
- Department of Chemical Engineering, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA 22904, USA;
| | - Delphine Chan-Seng
- Université de Strasbourg, CNRS, Institut Charles Sadron UPR22, F-67000 Strasbourg, France;
| | - Shreya Kumar
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, 625 Harrison St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (S.K.); (C.M.R.-C.)
| | - Cosette M. Rivera-Cruz
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, Purdue University, 625 Harrison St., West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA; (S.K.); (C.M.R.-C.)
| | - Todd S. Emrick
- Department of Polymer Science & Engineering, University of Massachusetts, 120 Governors Drive, Amherst, MA 01003, USA;
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8
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Magidey-Klein K, Cooper TJ, Kveler K, Normand R, Zhang T, Timaner M, Raviv Z, James BP, Gazit R, Ronai ZA, Shen-Orr S, Shaked Y. IL-6 contributes to metastatic switch via the differentiation of monocytic-dendritic progenitors into prometastatic immune cells. J Immunother Cancer 2021; 9:jitc-2021-002856. [PMID: 34140316 PMCID: PMC8212411 DOI: 10.1136/jitc-2021-002856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metastasis is the major cause of death in patients with cancer. Myeloid skewing of hematopoietic cells is a prominent promoter of metastasis. However, the reservoir of these cells in the bone marrow (BM) compartment and their differentiation pattern from hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) have not been explored. METHODS We used a unique model system consisting of tumor cell clones with low metastatic potential or high metastatic potential (met-low and met-high, respectively) to investigate the fate of HSPC differentiation using murine melanoma and breast carcinoma. Single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analysis was performed on HSPC obtained from the BM of met-low and met-high tumors. A proteomic screen of tumor-conditioned medium integrated with the scRNA-seq data analysis was performed to analyze the potential cross talk between cancer cells and HSPCs. Adoptive transfer of tumor-educated HSPC subsets obtained from green fluorescent protein (GFP)+ tagged mice was then carried out to identify the contribution of committed HSPCs to tumor spread. Peripheral mononuclear cells obtained from patients with breast and lung cancer were analyzed for HSPC subsets. RESULTS Mice bearing met-high tumors exhibited a significant increase in the percentage of HSPCs in the BM in comparison with tumor-free mice or mice bearing met-low tumors. ScRNA-seq analysis of these HSPCs revealed that met-high tumors enriched the monocyte-dendritic progenitors (MDPs) but not granulocyte-monocyte progenitors (GMPs). A proteomic screen of tumor- conditioned medium integrated with the scRNA-seq data analysis revealed that the interleukin 6 (IL-6)-IL-6 receptor axis is highly active in HSPC-derived MDP cells. Consequently, loss of function and gain of function of IL-6 in tumor cells resulted in decreased and increased metastasis and corresponding MDP levels, respectively. Importantly, IL-6-educated MDPs induce metastasis within mice bearing met-low tumors-through further differentiation into immunosuppressive macrophages and not dendritic cells. Consistently, MDP but not GMP levels in peripheral blood of breast and lung cancer patients are correlated with tumor aggressiveness. CONCLUSIONS Our study reveals a new role for tumor-derived IL-6 in hijacking the HSPC differentiation program toward prometastatic MDPs that functionally differentiate into immunosuppressive monocytes to support the metastatic switch.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tim J Cooper
- Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ksenya Kveler
- Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Rachelly Normand
- Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tongwu Zhang
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology & Genetics, National Cancer Institute, National Institute of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Michael Timaner
- Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Ziv Raviv
- Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Brian P James
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Roi Gazit
- Department for Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer-Sheva, Southern, Israel
| | - Ze'ev A Ronai
- Cancer Center, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, California, USA
| | - Shai Shen-Orr
- Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Yuval Shaked
- Faculty of Medicine, Technion Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
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9
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Wildes TJ, DiVita Dean B, Flores CT. Myelopoiesis during Solid Cancers and Strategies for Immunotherapy. Cells 2021; 10:cells10050968. [PMID: 33919157 PMCID: PMC8143143 DOI: 10.3390/cells10050968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Our understanding of the relationship between the immune system and cancers has undergone significant discovery recently. Immunotherapy with T cell therapies and checkpoint blockade has meaningfully changed the oncology landscape. While remarkable clinical advances in adaptive immunity are occurring, modulation of innate immunity has proven more difficult. The myeloid compartment, including macrophages, neutrophils, and dendritic cells, has a significant impact on the persistence or elimination of tumors. Myeloid cells, specifically in the tumor microenvironment, have direct contact with tumor tissue and coordinate with tumor-reactive T cells to either stimulate or antagonize cancer immunity. However, the myeloid compartment comprises a broad array of cells in various stages of development. In addition, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells at various stages of myelopoiesis in distant sites undergo significant modulation by tumors. Understanding how tumors exert their influence on myeloid progenitors is critical to making clinically meaningful improvements in these pathways. Therefore, this review will cover recent developments in our understanding of how solid tumors modulate myelopoiesis to promote the formation of pro-tumor immature myeloid cells. Then, it will cover some of the potential avenues for capitalizing on these mechanisms to generate antitumor immunity.
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10
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Zhao Q, Jiang Y, Xiang S, Kaboli PJ, Shen J, Zhao Y, Wu X, Du F, Li M, Cho CH, Li J, Wen Q, Liu T, Yi T, Xiao Z. Engineered TCR-T Cell Immunotherapy in Anticancer Precision Medicine: Pros and Cons. Front Immunol 2021; 12:658753. [PMID: 33859650 PMCID: PMC8042275 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.658753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
This review provides insight into the role of engineered T-cell receptors (TCRs) in immunotherapy. Novel approaches have been developed to boost anticancer immune system, including targeting new antigens, manufacturing new engineered or modified TCRs, and creating a safety switch for endo-suicide genes. In order to re-activate T cells against tumors, immune-mobilizing monoclonal TCRs against cancer (ImmTAC) have been developed as a novel class of manufactured molecules which are bispecific and recognize both cancer and T cells. The TCRs target special antigens such as NY-ESO-1, AHNAKS2580F or ERBB2H473Y to boost the efficacy of anticancer immunotherapy. The safety of genetically modified T cells is very important. Therefore, this review discusses pros and cons of different approaches, such as ImmTAC, Herpes simplex virus thymidine kinase (HSV-TK), and inducible caspase-9 in cancer immunotherapy. Clinical trials related to TCR-T cell therapy and monoclonal antibodies designed for overcoming immunosuppression, and recent advances made in understanding how TCRs are additionally examined. New approaches that can better detect antigens and drive an effective T cell response are discussed as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qijie Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China.,Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Yu Jiang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Shixin Xiang
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Parham Jabbarzadeh Kaboli
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Jing Shen
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Yueshui Zhao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Xu Wu
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Fukuan Du
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Mingxing Li
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Chi Hin Cho
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,South Sichuan Institute of Translational Medicine, Luzhou, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Oncology and Hematology, Hospital (T.C.M.) Affiliated to Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Qinglian Wen
- Department of Oncology, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
| | - Tao Liu
- Department of Oncology Rehabilitation, Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tao Yi
- School of Chinese Medicine, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Zhangang Xiao
- Laboratory of Molecular Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Hospital of Southwest Medical University, Luzhou, China
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11
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Sofias AM, Combes F, Koschmieder S, Storm G, Lammers T. A paradigm shift in cancer nanomedicine: from traditional tumor targeting to leveraging the immune system. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:1482-1489. [PMID: 33617793 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.02.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Twenty-five years after the approval of the first anticancer nanodrug, we have to start re(de)fining tumor-targeted drug delivery alongside advances in immuno-oncology. Given that cancer is characterized by an immunological imbalance that goes beyond the primary tumor, we should focus on targeting, engaging, and modulating cancer-associated immune cells in the tumor microenvironment (TME), circulation, and immune cell-enriched tissues. When designed and applied rationally, nanomedicines will assist in restoring the immunological equilibrium at the whole-body level, which holds potential not only for cancer therapy, but also for the treatment of a range of other disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Marios Sofias
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Francis Combes
- Laboratory of Gene Therapy, Department of Nutrition, Genetics and Ethology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, Merelbeke, Belgium; Cancer Research Institute Ghent (CRIG), Ghent, Belgium
| | - Steffen Koschmieder
- Department of Medicine (Hematology, Oncology, Hemostaseology, and Stem Cell Transplantation), Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Gert Storm
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Targeted Therapeutics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands; Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Twan Lammers
- Department of Nanomedicine and Theranostics, Institute for Experimental Molecular Imaging, Faculty of Medicine, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; Department of Pharmaceutics, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands; Department of Targeted Therapeutics, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands.
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12
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Nolta JA. The age of immunotherapy-Celebrating STEM CELLS' contribution to understanding mechanisms of immune system development and modulation. Stem Cells 2020; 38:4-5. [PMID: 31851396 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2019] [Accepted: 12/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jan A Nolta
- Stem Cell Program, Sacramento, University of California Davis Health System, Sacramento, CA, 95820
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Wildes TJ, Dyson KA, Francis C, Wummer B, Yang C, Yegorov O, Shin D, Grippin A, Dean BD, Abraham R, Pham C, Moore G, Kuizon C, Mitchell DA, Flores CT. Immune Escape After Adoptive T-cell Therapy for Malignant Gliomas. Clin Cancer Res 2020; 26:5689-5700. [PMID: 32788225 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-20-1065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2020] [Revised: 06/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Immunotherapy has been demonstrably effective against multiple cancers, yet tumor escape is common. It remains unclear how brain tumors escape immunotherapy and how to overcome this immune escape. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN We studied KR158B-luc glioma-bearing mice during treatment with adoptive cellular therapy (ACT) with polyclonal tumor-specific T cells. We tested the immunogenicity of primary and escaped tumors using T-cell restimulation assays. We used flow cytometry and RNA profiling of whole tumors to further define escape mechanisms. To treat immune-escaped tumors, we generated escape variant-specific T cells through the use of escape variant total tumor RNA and administered these cells as ACT. In addition, programmed cell death protein-1 (PD-1) checkpoint blockade was studied in combination with ACT. RESULTS Escape mechanisms included a shift in immunogenic tumor antigens, downregulation of MHC class I, and upregulation of checkpoint molecules. Polyclonal T cells specific for escape variants displayed greater recognition of escaped tumors than primary tumors. When administered as ACT, these T cells prolonged median survival of escape variant-bearing mice by 60%. The rational combination of ACT with PD-1 blockade prolonged median survival of escape variant glioma-bearing mice by 110% and was dependent upon natural killer cells and T cells. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the immune landscape of brain tumors are markedly different postimmunotherapy yet can still be targeted with immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler J Wildes
- University of Florida Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Kyle A Dyson
- University of Florida Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Connor Francis
- University of Florida Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Brandon Wummer
- University of Florida Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Changlin Yang
- University of Florida Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Oleg Yegorov
- University of Florida Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - David Shin
- University of Florida Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Adam Grippin
- University of Florida Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Bayli DiVita Dean
- University of Florida Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Rebecca Abraham
- University of Florida Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Christina Pham
- University of Florida Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Ginger Moore
- University of Florida Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Carmelle Kuizon
- University of Florida Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Duane A Mitchell
- University of Florida Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Catherine T Flores
- University of Florida Brain Tumor Immunotherapy Program, Preston A. Wells, Jr. Center for Brain Tumor Therapy, Lillian S. Wells Department of Neurosurgery, McKnight Brain Institute, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
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