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Mukherjee S, Graber JH, Moore CL. Macrophage differentiation is marked by increased abundance of the mRNA 3' end processing machinery, altered poly(A) site usage, and sensitivity to the level of CstF64. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1091403. [PMID: 36761770 PMCID: PMC9905730 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1091403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Regulation of mRNA polyadenylation is important for response to external signals and differentiation in several cell types, and results in mRNA isoforms that vary in the amount of coding sequence or 3' UTR regulatory elements. However, its role in differentiation of monocytes to macrophages has not been investigated. Macrophages are key effectors of the innate immune system that help control infection and promote tissue-repair. However, overactivity of macrophages contributes to pathogenesis of many diseases. In this study, we show that macrophage differentiation is characterized by shortening and lengthening of mRNAs in relevant cellular pathways. The cleavage/polyadenylation (C/P) proteins increase during differentiation, suggesting a possible mechanism for the observed changes in poly(A) site usage. This was surprising since higher C/P protein levels correlate with higher proliferation rates in other systems, but monocytes stop dividing after induction of differentiation. Depletion of CstF64, a C/P protein and known regulator of polyadenylation efficiency, delayed macrophage marker expression, cell cycle exit, attachment, and acquisition of structural complexity, and impeded shortening of mRNAs with functions relevant to macrophage biology. Conversely, CstF64 overexpression increased use of promoter-proximal poly(A) sites and caused the appearance of differentiated phenotypes in the absence of induction. Our findings indicate that regulation of polyadenylation plays an important role in macrophage differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srimoyee Mukherjee
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Joel H. Graber
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Core, Mount Desert Island Biological Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME, United States
| | - Claire L. Moore
- Department of Developmental, Molecular, and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, United States
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Wu R, Zhan J, Zheng B, Chen Z, Li J, Li C, Liu R, Zhang X, Huang X, Luo M. SYMPK Is Required for Meiosis and Involved in Alternative Splicing in Male Germ Cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:715733. [PMID: 34434935 PMCID: PMC8380814 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.715733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
SYMPK is a scaffold protein that supports polyadenylation machinery assembly on nascent transcripts and is also involved in alternative splicing in some mammalian somatic cells. However, the role of SYMPK in germ cells remains unknown. Here, we report that SYMPK is highly expressed in male germ cells, and germ cell-specific knockout (cKO) of Sympk in mouse leads to male infertility. Sympk cKODdx4–cre mice showed reduced spermatogonia at P4 and almost no germ cells at P18. Sympk cKOStra8–Cre spermatocytes exhibit defects in homologous chromosome synapsis, DNA double-strand break (DSB) repair, and meiotic recombination. RNA-Seq analyses reveal that SYMPK is associated with alternative splicing, besides regulating the expressions of many genes in spermatogenic cells. Importantly, Sympk deletion results in abnormal alternative splicing and a decreased expression of Sun1. Taken together, our results demonstrate that SYMPK is pivotal for meiotic progression by regulating pre-mRNA alternative splicing in male germ cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wu
- Department of Tissue and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, China.,Reproductive Medicine Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Affiliated Hospital of Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang, China
| | - Junfeng Zhan
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Bo Zheng
- Center for Reproduction and Genetics, Suzhou Municipal Hospital, The Affiliated Suzhou Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zhen Chen
- Department of Tissue and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Jianbo Li
- Department of Tissue and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Changrong Li
- Department of Tissue and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Rong Liu
- Department of Tissue and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, China
| | - Xinhua Zhang
- Department of Urology, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiaoyan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Reproductive Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengcheng Luo
- Department of Tissue and Embryology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, China.,Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Developmentally Originated Disease, Wuhan, China
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