1
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Hafez SMNA, Abdelhafez ESMN. The possible protective effect of l-cysteine in a rat model of sciatic nerve ischemia-reperfusion: A possible role for NRF1 and Caspase 3; Biochemical, Histological, and Immunohistochemical study. J Chem Neuroanat 2024; 137:102412. [PMID: 38460773 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchemneu.2024.102412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 03/05/2024] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/11/2024]
Abstract
Organ damage brought on by ischemia is exacerbated by the reperfusion process. L-cysteine is a semi-essential amino acid that acts as a substrate for cystathionine-β-synthase in the central nervous system. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible protective effects of L- cysteine against the structural and biochemical changes that occur in the rat sciatic nerve after ischemia reperfusion (I/R) and to address some of the underlying mechanisms of these effects. Rats were divided into 4 groups: sham, l-cysteine, I/R, and l-cysteine- I/R groups. Specimens of sciatic nerve were processed for biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical assessment. The results showed in I/R group, a significant increase in malondialdehyde with a significant decrease in both Nuclear respiratory factor-1 (NRF1) and superoxide dismutase levels. Moreover, with histological alteration. There was a significant increase in the mean surface area fraction of anti-caspase immunopositive cells as well as a significantdecrease in mean surface area fraction of anti-CD 34 immunopositive cells. In contrast, the l-cysteine- I/R group showed amelioration of these biochemical, structural, and immunohistochemical changes. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study showed the protective effects of l-cysteine in sciatic nerve I/R via NRF1and caspase 3 modulation as well as telocyte activation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - El-Shimaa M N Abdelhafez
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Minia University, Faculty of Medicine, Minia 61111, Egypt.
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2
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Sun G, Gu Q, Zheng J, Cheng H, Cheng T. Emerging roles of extracellular vesicles in normal and malignant hematopoiesis. J Clin Invest 2022; 132:160840. [PMID: 36106632 PMCID: PMC9479752 DOI: 10.1172/jci160840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells, regulated by their microenvironment (or “niche”), sustain the production of mature blood and immune cells. Leukemia cells remodel the microenvironment to enhance their survival, which is accompanied by the loss of support for normal hematopoiesis in hematologic malignancies. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) mediate intercellular communication in physiological and pathological conditions, and deciphering their functions in cell-cell interactions in the ecosystem can highlight potential therapeutic targets. In this Review, we illustrate the utility of EVs derived from various cell types, focusing on the biological molecules they contain and the behavioral alterations they can induce in recipient cells. We also discuss the potential for clinical application in hematologic malignancies, including EV-based therapeutic regimens, drug delivery via EVs, and the use of EVs (or their cargoes) as biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guohuan Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Quan Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Junke Zheng
- Hongqiao International Institute of Medicine, Shanghai Tongren Hospital, Key Laboratory of Cell Differentiation and Apoptosis of Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Hui Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
| | - Tao Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Experimental Hematology, Haihe Laboratory of Cell Ecosystem, National Clinical Research Center for Blood Diseases, Institute of Hematology and Blood Diseases Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
- Center for Stem Cell Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Tianjin, China
- Department of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Peking Union Medical College, Tianjin, China
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3
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Srivastava J, Katiyar S, Chaturvedi CP, Nityanand S. Extracellular vesicles from bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells of severe aplastic anemia patients attenuate hematopoietic functions of CD34 + hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells. Cell Biol Int 2022; 46:1970-1976. [PMID: 35998254 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 05/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) regulate hematopoiesis in the bone marrow (BM) niche and extracellular vesicles (EVs) released by BM-MSC are important mediators of the cross-talk between BM-MSC and hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPC). We have previously demonstrated that BM-MSC of severe aplastic anemia (SAA) patients have an altered expression of hematopoiesis regulatory molecules. In the present study, we observed that CD34+ HSPC when cocultured with BM-MSC EVs from aplastic anemia patients exhibited a significant reduction in colony-forming units (p = .001), cell proliferation (p = .002), and increased apoptosis (p > .001) when compared to coculture with BM-MSC EVs from controls. Collectively, our results highlight that EVs derived from the BM-MSC of SAA patients impair the hematopoiesis supporting function of HSPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jyotika Srivastava
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Research Centre, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Shobhita Katiyar
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Research Centre, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Chandra P Chaturvedi
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Research Centre, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Soniya Nityanand
- Department of Hematology and Stem Cell Research Centre, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, India
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4
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Ibáñez-Fonseca A, Rico A, Preciado S, González-Pérez F, Muntión S, García-Briñón J, García-Macías MC, Rodríguez-Cabello JC, Pericacho M, Alonso M, Sánchez-Guijo F. Mesenchymal Stromal Cells Combined With Elastin-Like Recombinamers Increase Angiogenesis In Vivo After Hindlimb Ischemia. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:918602. [PMID: 35814011 PMCID: PMC9260019 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.918602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Hindlimb ischemia is an unmet medical need, especially for those patients unable to undergo vascular surgery. Cellular therapy, mainly through mesenchymal stromal cell (MSC) administration, may be a potentially attractive approach in this setting. In the current work, we aimed to assess the potential of the combination of MSCs with a proangiogenic elastin-like recombinamer (ELR)–based hydrogel in a hindlimb ischemia murine model. Human bone marrow MSCs were isolated from four healthy donors, while ELR biomaterials were genetically engineered. Hindlimb ischemia was induced through ligation of the right femoral artery, and mice were intramuscularly injected with ELR biomaterial, 0.5 × 106 MSCs or the combination, and also compared to untreated animals. Tissue perfusion was monitored using laser Doppler perfusion imaging. Histological analysis of hindlimbs was performed after hematoxylin and eosin staining. Immunofluorescence with anti–human mitochondria antibody was used for human MSC detection, and the biomaterial was detected by elastin staining. To analyze the capillary density, immunostaining with an anti–CD31 antibody was performed. Our results show that the injection of MSCs significantly improves tissue reperfusion from day 7 (p = 0.0044) to day 21 (p = 0.0216), similar to the infusion of MSC + ELR (p = 0.0038, p = 0.0014), without significant differences between both groups. After histological evaluation, ELR hydrogels induced minimal inflammation in the injection sites, showing biocompatibility. MSCs persisted with the biomaterial after 21 days, both in vitro and in vivo. Finally, we observed a higher blood vessel density when mice were treated with MSCs compared to control (p<0.0001), but this effect was maximized and significantly different to the remaining experimental conditions when mice were treated with the combination of MSCs and the ELR biomaterial (p < 0.0001). In summary, the combination of an ELR-based hydrogel with MSCs may improve the angiogenic effects of both strategies on revascularization of ischemic tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ana Rico
- Cell Therapy Unit, Hematology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Silvia Preciado
- Cell Therapy Unit, Hematology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- RICORS TERAV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Center, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- *Correspondence: Silvia Preciado,
| | | | - Sandra Muntión
- Cell Therapy Unit, Hematology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- RICORS TERAV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Center, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Jesús García-Briñón
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Departamento de Biología Celular y Patología, Facultad de Medicina, Salamanca, Spain
| | | | - José Carlos Rodríguez-Cabello
- BIOFORGE Lab, University of Valladolid, CIBER-BBN, Valladolid, Spain
- Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Miguel Pericacho
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Renal and Cardiovascular Research Unit, Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Matilde Alonso
- BIOFORGE Lab, University of Valladolid, CIBER-BBN, Valladolid, Spain
- Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Fermín Sánchez-Guijo
- Cell Therapy Unit, Hematology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
- RICORS TERAV, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
- Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Salamanca, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de Salamanca (IBSAL), Salamanca, Spain
- Department of Medicine and Cancer Research Center, University of Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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5
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Fichtel P, von Bonin M, Kuhnert R, Möbus K, Bornhäuser M, Wobus M. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Derived Extracellular Vesicles Modulate Hematopoietic Stem and Progenitor Cell Viability and the Expression of Cell Cycle Regulators in an Age-dependent Manner. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2022; 10:892661. [PMID: 35721867 PMCID: PMC9198480 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2022.892661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging of the hematopoietic system is characterized by an expansion of hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) with reduced capacity for engraftment, self-renewal, and lymphoid differentiation, resulting in myeloid-biased hematopoiesis. This process is mediated by both HSPC intrinsic and extrinsic factors, e.g., the stromal environment. A relevant cellular component of the bone marrow (BM) microenvironment are mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) which regulate fate and differentiation of HSPCs. The bi-directional communication with HSPCs is mediated either by direct cell-cell contacts or by extracellular vesicles (EVs) which carry bioactive substances such as small RNA, DNA, lipids and proteins. So far, the impact of MSC-derived EVs on human hematopoietic aging is poorly investigated. BM MSCs were isolated from young (n = 3, median age: 22 years) and aged (n = 3, median age: 70 years) donors and the EVs were isolated after culturing the confluent cell layer in serum-free medium for 48 h. CD34+ HSPCs were purified from peripheral blood of healthy donors (n = 3, median age: 65 years) by magnetic sorting. Nanoparticle tracking analysis (NTA), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and western blot detection of EV markers CD63, CD81 and Flotillin-1 revealed no significant differences between young and aged MSC-EVs. Interestingly, young MSCs secreted a significantly higher miRNA concentration than aged cells. However, the amount of distinct miRNAs such as miR-29a and miR-34a was significantly higher in aged MSC-EVs. HSPCs incubated with young EVs showed a significant increase in cell number and a higher viability. The expression of the tumor suppressors PTEN, a known target of mir-29a, and CDKN2A was increased in HSPCs incubated with young EVs. The clonogenic assay demonstrated a decreased colony number of CFU-GM after treatment with young EVs and an increased number of BFU-E/CFU-E after incubation with aged MSC-EVs. Xenogenic transplantation experiments showed no significant differences concerning the engraftment of lymphoid or myeloid cell compartments, but the overall human chimerism 8–16 weeks after transplantation was higher after EV treatment. In conclusion, our data suggest that HSPC characteristics such as cell cycle activity and clonogenicity can be modulated by MSC-derived EVs. Further studies have to elucidate the potential therapeutic relevance of our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pascal Fichtel
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - Malte von Bonin
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - Robert Kuhnert
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - Kristin Möbus
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Bornhäuser
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
| | - Manja Wobus
- Department of Medicine I, University Hospital Carl Gustav Carus, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
- Center for Regenerative Therapies, Technische Universität, Dresden, Germany
- *Correspondence: Manja Wobus,
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6
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Sarvar DP, Effatpanah H, Akbarzadehlaleh P, Shamsasenjan K. Mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles: novel approach in hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:202. [PMID: 35578300 PMCID: PMC9109321 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02875-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone marrow mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) play a crucial role in the regulation of hematopoiesis. These cells affect the process through direct cell–cell contact, as well as releasing various trophic factors and extracellular vehicles (EVs) into the bone marrow microenvironment. MSC-derived EVs (MSC-EVs) are prominent intercellular communication tolls enriched with broad-spectrum bioactive factors such as proteins, cytokines, lipids, miRNAs, and siRNAs. They mimic some effects of MSCs by direct fusion with hematopoietic stem cells (HSC) membranes in the bone marrow (BM), thereby affecting HSC fate. MSC-EVs are attractive scope in cell-free therapy because of their unique capacity to repair BM tissue and regulate proliferation and differentiation of HSCs. These vesicles modulate the immune system responses and inhibit graft-versus-host disease following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Recent studies have demonstrated that MSC-EVs play an influential role in the BM niches because of their unprecedented capacity to regulate HSC fate. Therefore, the existing paper intends to speculate upon the preconditioned MSC-EVs as a novel approach in HSCT.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Parvin Akbarzadehlaleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Science, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Karim Shamsasenjan
- Hematology and Oncology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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7
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Preciado S, Sirerol-Piquer MS, Muntión S, Osugui L, Martí-Chillón GJ, Navarro-Bailón A, Sepúlveda P, Sánchez-Guijo F. Co-administration of human MSC overexpressing HIF-1α increases human CD34 + cell engraftment in vivo. Stem Cell Res Ther 2021; 12:601. [PMID: 34876206 PMCID: PMC8650423 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-021-02669-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Accepted: 11/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Poor graft function or graft failure after allogeneic stem cell transplantation is an unmet medical need, in which mesenchymal stromal cells (MSC) constitute an attractive potential therapeutic approach. Hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) overexpression in MSC (HIF-MSC) potentiates the angiogenic and immunomodulatory properties of these cells, so we hypothesized that co-transplantation of MSC-HIF with CD34+ human cord blood cells would also enhance hematopoietic stem cell engraftment and function both in vitro and in vivo.
Methods Human MSC were obtained from dental pulp. Lentiviral overexpression of HIF-1α was performed transducing cells with pWPI-green fluorescent protein (GFP) (MSC WT) or pWPI-HIF-1α-GFP (HIF-MSC) expression vectors. Human cord blood CD34+ cells were co-cultured with MSC WT or HIF-MSC (4:1) for 72 h. Then, viability (Annexin V and 7-AAD), cell cycle, ROS expression and immunophenotyping of key molecules involved in engraftment (CXCR4, CD34, ITGA4, c-KIT) were evaluated by flow cytometry in CD34+ cells. In addition, CD34+ cells clonal expansion was analyzed by clonogenic assays. Finally, in vivo engraftment was measured by flow cytometry 4-weeks after CD34+ cell transplantation with or without intrabone MSC WT or HIF-MSC in NOD/SCID mice. Results We did not observe significant differences in viability, cell cycle and ROS expression between CD34+ cells co-cultured with MSC WT or HIF-MSC. Nevertheless, a significant increase in CD34, CXCR4 and ITGA4 expression (p = 0.009; p = 0.001; p = 0.013, respectively) was observed in CD34+ cells co-cultured with HIF-MSC compared to MSC WT. In addition, CD34+ cells cultured with HIF-MSC displayed a higher CFU-GM clonogenic potential than those cultured with MSC WT (p = 0.048). We also observed a significant increase in CD34+ cells engraftment ability when they were co-transplanted with HIF-MSC compared to CD34+ co-transplanted with MSC WT (p = 0.016) or alone (p = 0.015) in both the injected and contralateral femurs (p = 0.024, p = 0.008 respectively). Conclusions Co-transplantation of human CD34+ cells with HIF-MSC enhances cell engraftment in vivo. This is probably due to the ability of HIF-MSC to increase clonogenic capacity of hematopoietic cells and to induce the expression of adhesion molecules involved in graft survival in the hematopoietic niche. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-021-02669-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Preciado
- Cell Therapy Unit, Hematology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,RETIC TerCel, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Mª Salomé Sirerol-Piquer
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Biología Funcional y Antropología Física, University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain.,Instituto de Biotecnología y Biomedicina (BioTecMed), University of Valencia, Burjassot, Spain.,RETIC TerCel, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Muntión
- Cell Therapy Unit, Hematology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,RETIC TerCel, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Lika Osugui
- Cell Therapy Unit, Hematology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,RETIC TerCel, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Gerardo J Martí-Chillón
- Cell Therapy Unit, Hematology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,RETIC TerCel, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Almudena Navarro-Bailón
- Cell Therapy Unit, Hematology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain.,RETIC TerCel, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Salamanca, Spain
| | - Pilar Sepúlveda
- Regenerative Medicine and Heart Transplantation Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria La Fe, Valencia, Spain.,RETIC TerCel, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fermín Sánchez-Guijo
- Cell Therapy Unit, Hematology Department, University Hospital of Salamanca, IBSAL, University of Salamanca, Paseo de San Vicente 58-182, 37007, Salamanca, Spain. .,RETIC TerCel, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain. .,Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Salamanca, Spain.
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8
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Brix N, Samaga D, Belka C, Zitzelsberger H, Lauber K. Analysis of clonogenic growth in vitro. Nat Protoc 2021; 16:4963-4991. [PMID: 34697469 DOI: 10.1038/s41596-021-00615-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The clonogenic assay measures the capacity of single cells to form colonies in vitro. It is widely used to identify and quantify self-renewing mammalian cells derived from in vitro cultures as well as from ex vivo tissue preparations of different origins. Varying research questions and the heterogeneous growth requirements of individual cell model systems led to the development of several assay principles and formats that differ with regard to their conceptual setup, 2D or 3D culture conditions, optional cytotoxic treatments and subsequent mathematical analysis. The protocol presented here is based on the initial clonogenic assay protocol as developed by Puck and Marcus more than 60 years ago. It updates and extends the 2006 Nature Protocols article by Franken et al. It discusses different strategies and principles to analyze clonogenic growth in vitro and presents the clonogenic assay in a modular protocol framework enabling a diversity of formats and measures to optimize determination of clonogenic growth parameters. We put particular focus on the phenomenon of cellular cooperation and consideration of how this can affect the mathematical analysis of survival data. This protocol is applicable to any mammalian cell model system from which single-cell suspensions can be prepared and which contains at least a small fraction of cells with self-renewing capacity in vitro. Depending on the cell system used, the entire procedure takes ~2-10 weeks, with a total hands-on time of <20 h per biological replicate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikko Brix
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniel Samaga
- Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer', Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Claus Belka
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Munich, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer', Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site, Munich, Germany
| | - Horst Zitzelsberger
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Munich, Germany.,Research Unit Radiation Cytogenetics, Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany.,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer', Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kirsten Lauber
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University Hospital, LMU München, Munich, Germany. .,Clinical Cooperation Group 'Personalized Radiotherapy in Head and Neck Cancer', Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health GmbH, Neuherberg, Germany. .,German Cancer Consortium (DKTK) partner site, Munich, Germany.
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9
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Gala D, Mohak S, Fábián Z. Extracellular Vehicles of Oxygen-Depleted Mesenchymal Stromal Cells: Route to Off-Shelf Cellular Therapeutics? Cells 2021; 10:cells10092199. [PMID: 34571848 PMCID: PMC8465344 DOI: 10.3390/cells10092199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2021] [Revised: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 08/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular therapy is a promising tool of human medicine to successfully treat complex and challenging pathologies such as cardiovascular diseases or chronic inflammatory conditions. Bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stromal cells (BMSCs) are in the limelight of these efforts, initially, trying to exploit their natural properties by direct transplantation. Extensive research on the therapeutic use of BMSCs shed light on a number of key aspects of BMSC physiology including the importance of oxygen in the control of BMSC phenotype. These efforts also led to a growing number of evidence indicating that the beneficial therapeutic effects of BMSCs can be mediated by BMSC-secreted agents. Further investigations revealed that BMSC-excreted extracellular vesicles could mediate the potentially therapeutic effects of BMSCs. Here, we review our current understanding of the relationship between low oxygen conditions and the effects of BMSC-secreted extracellular vesicles focusing on the possible medical relevance of this interplay.
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10
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Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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11
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Preciado S, Muntión S, Sánchez-Guijo F. Improving hematopoietic engraftment: Potential role of mesenchymal stromal cell-derived extracellular vesicles. Stem Cells 2020; 39:26-32. [PMID: 32985054 DOI: 10.1002/stem.3278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 09/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stromal cells (MSCs) in graft failure or poor graft function after allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) are currently undergoing clinical evaluation. MSCs exert their functions, at least partially, through the secretion of extracellular vesicles (MSC-EVs). The available information on the biological potential of MSC-EVs to improve hematopoietic function, both in in vitro studies and in reported preclinical models, focusing on the possible mechanisms of these effects are summarized in the current review. The potential advantages of EVs over MSCs are also discussed, as well as the limitations and uncertainties in terms of isolation, characterization, mechanism of action in this setting, and industrial scalability that should be addressed for their potential clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia Preciado
- Área de Terapia Celular y Servicio de Hematología, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Salamanca, Spain.,RETIC TerCel and CIBERONC, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Sandra Muntión
- Área de Terapia Celular y Servicio de Hematología, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Salamanca, Spain.,RETIC TerCel and CIBERONC, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain
| | - Fermín Sánchez-Guijo
- Área de Terapia Celular y Servicio de Hematología, IBSAL-Hospital Universitario de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain.,Centro en Red de Medicina Regenerativa y Terapia Celular de Castilla y León, Salamanca, Spain.,RETIC TerCel and CIBERONC, ISCIII, Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación del Cáncer y Departamento de Medicina, Universidad de Salamanca, Salamanca, Spain
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12
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Zheng S, Chen H, Zhang T, Yao Y, Chen Y, Zhang S, Bai B. Gene-modified BMSCs encapsulated with carboxymethyl cellulose facilitate osteogenesis in vitro and in vivo. J Biomater Appl 2020; 35:814-822. [PMID: 32777971 DOI: 10.1177/0885328220948030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Critical size bone defects are one of the most serious complications in orthopedics due to the lack of effective osteogenesis treatment. We fabricated carboxymethyl cellulose with phenol moieties (CMC-ph) microcapsules loaded with gene-modified rat bone mesenchymal stem cells (rBMSCs) that secrete hBMP2 following doxycycline (DOX) induction. The results showed that the morphology of microcapsules was spherical, and their diameters have equally distributed in the range of 100-150 μm; the viability of rBMSCs was unchanged over time. Through real-time PCR and Western blot analyses, the rBMSCs in microcapsules were found to secrete hBMP2 and to have upregulated mRNA and protein expression of osteogenesis-related genes in vitro and in vivo. Furthermore, the in vivo results suggested that the group with the middle concentration of cells expressed the highest amount of osteogenic protein over time. In this study, we showed that gene-modified rBMSCs in CMC-ph microcapsules had good morphology and viability. The BMP2-BMSCs/CMC-Ph microcapsule system could upregulate osteogenic mRNA and protein in vitro and in vivo. Further analysis demonstrated that the medium concentration of cells had a suitable density for transplantation in nude mice. Therefore, BMP2-BMSCs/CMC-Ph microcapsule constructs have potential for bone regeneration in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shicong Zheng
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials, The First Affiliated Hospital of 26468Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hanzheng Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials, The First Affiliated Hospital of 26468Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tingshuai Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials, The First Affiliated Hospital of 26468Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yongchang Yao
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials, The First Affiliated Hospital of 26468Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yi Chen
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials, The First Affiliated Hospital of 26468Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Shujiang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials, The First Affiliated Hospital of 26468Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Bo Bai
- Department of Orthopedics, Guangdong Key Laboratory of Orthopaedic Technology and Implant Materials, The First Affiliated Hospital of 26468Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
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13
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Budgude P, Kale V, Vaidya A. Mesenchymal stromal cell‐derived extracellular vesicles as cell‐free biologics for the ex vivo expansion of hematopoietic stem cells. Cell Biol Int 2020; 44:1078-1102. [DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2019] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pallavi Budgude
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell ResearchSymbiosis International (Deemed University) Pune 412115 India
| | - Vaijayanti Kale
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell ResearchSymbiosis International (Deemed University) Pune 412115 India
| | - Anuradha Vaidya
- Symbiosis Centre for Stem Cell ResearchSymbiosis International (Deemed University) Pune 412115 India
- Symbiosis School of Biological SciencesSymbiosis International (Deemed University) Pune 412115 India
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14
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Lia G, Di Vito C, Cerrano M, Brunello L, Calcaterra F, Tapparo M, Giaccone L, Mavilio D, Bruno B. Extracellular Vesicles After Allogeneic Hematopoietic Cell Transplantation: Emerging Role in Post-Transplant Complications. Front Immunol 2020; 11:422. [PMID: 32265915 PMCID: PMC7100658 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.00422] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play an important role in the cellular crosstalk by transferring bioactive molecules through biological barriers from a cell to another, thus influencing recipient cell functions and phenotype. Therefore, EVs are increasingly being explored as biomarkers of disease progression or response to therapy and as potential therapeutic agents in different contexts including in hematological malignancies. Recently, an EV role has emerged in allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (allo-HCT) as well. Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation often represents the only curative option in several hematological disorders, but it is associated with potentially life-threatening complications that can have a significant impact on clinical outcomes. The most common complications have been well-established and include graft-versus-host disease and infections. Furthermore, relapse remains an important cause of treatment failure. The aim of this review is to summarize the current knowledge, the potential applications, and clinical relevance of EVs in allo-HCT. Herein, we will mainly focus on the immune-modulating properties of EVs, in particular those derived from mesenchymal stromal cells, as potential therapeutic strategy to improve allo-HCT outcome. Moreover, we will briefly describe the main findings on EVs as biomarkers to monitor graft-versus-host disease onset and tumor relapse.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Lia
- Stem Cell Transplant Program, Department of Oncology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Clara Di Vito
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marco Cerrano
- Stem Cell Transplant Program, Department of Oncology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Lucia Brunello
- Stem Cell Transplant Program, Department of Oncology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Francesca Calcaterra
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Marta Tapparo
- Department of Medical Sciences, Molecular Biotechnology Center, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Luisa Giaccone
- Stem Cell Transplant Program, Department of Oncology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Domenico Mavilio
- Unit of Clinical and Experimental Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Milan, Italy.,Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine (BioMeTra), University of Milan, Milan, Italy
| | - Benedetto Bruno
- Stem Cell Transplant Program, Department of Oncology, A.O.U. Città della Salute e della Scienza di Torino, Turin, Italy.,Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
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