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Lozinski BM, Ta K, Dong Y. Emerging role of galectin 3 in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:2004-2009. [PMID: 38227529 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.391181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration are key processes that mediate the development and progression of neurological diseases. However, the mechanisms modulating these processes in different diseases remain incompletely understood. Advances in single cell based multi-omic analyses have helped to identify distinct molecular signatures such as Lgals3 that is associated with neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration in the central nervous system (CNS). Lgals3 encodes galectin-3 (Gal3), a β-galactoside and glycan binding glycoprotein that is frequently upregulated by reactive microglia/macrophages in the CNS during various neurological diseases. While Gal3 has previously been associated with non-CNS inflammatory and fibrotic diseases, recent studies highlight Gal3 as a prominent regulator of inflammation and neuroaxonal damage in the CNS during diseases such as multiple sclerosis, Alzheimer's disease, and Parkinson's disease. In this review, we summarize the pleiotropic functions of Gal3 and discuss evidence that demonstrates its detrimental role in neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration during different neurological diseases. We also consider the challenges of translating preclinical observations into targeting Gal3 in the human CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian M Lozinski
- Department of Clinical Neuroscience, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Khanh Ta
- Deparment of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Yifei Dong
- Deparment of Biochemistry, Microbiology & Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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2
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El-Kadi RA, AbdelKader NF, Zaki HF, Kamel AS. Influence of β-catenin signaling on neurogenesis in neuropsychiatric disorders: Anxiety and depression. Drug Dev Res 2024; 85:e22157. [PMID: 38349261 DOI: 10.1002/ddr.22157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2023] [Revised: 12/28/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
It has been proven that stress, mainly in the early years of life, can lead to anxiety and mood problems. Current treatments for psychiatric disorders are not enough, and some of them show intolerable side effects, emphasizing the urgent need for new treatment targets. Hence, a better understanding of the different brain networks, which are involved in the response to anxiety and depression, may evoke treatments with more specific targets. One of these targets is β-catenin that regulates brain circuits. β-Catenin has a dual response toward stress, which may influence coping or vulnerability to stress response. Indeed, β-catenin signaling involves several processes such as inflammation-directed brain repair, inflammation-induced brain damage, and neurogenesis. Interestingly, β-catenin reduction is accompanied by low neurogenesis, which leads to anxiety and depression. However, in another state, this reduction activates a compensatory mechanism that enhances neurogenesis to protect against depression but may precipitate anxiety. Thus, understanding the molecular mechanism of β-catenin could enhance our knowledge about anxiety and depression's pathophysiology, potentially improving clinical results by targeting it. Herein, the different states of β-catenin were discussed, shedding light on possible drugs that showed action on psychiatric disorders through β-catenin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Noha F AbdelKader
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala F Zaki
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Ahmed S Kamel
- Pharmacology and Toxicology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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3
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Pipicelli F, Baumann N, Di Giaimo R, Forero-Echeverry A, Kyrousi C, Bonrath R, Maccarrone G, Jabaudon D, Cappello S. Non-cell-autonomous regulation of interneuron specification mediated by extracellular vesicles. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadd8164. [PMID: 37205765 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.add8164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Disruption in neurogenesis and neuronal migration can influence the assembly of cortical circuits, affecting the excitatory-inhibitory balance and resulting in neurodevelopmental and neuropsychiatric disorders. Using ventral cerebral organoids and dorsoventral cerebral assembloids with mutations in the extracellular matrix gene LGALS3BP, we show that extracellular vesicles released into the extracellular environment regulate the molecular differentiation of neurons, resulting in alterations in migratory dynamics. To investigate how extracellular vesicles affect neuronal specification and migration dynamics, we collected extracellular vesicles from ventral cerebral organoids carrying a mutation in LGALS3BP, previously identified in individuals with cortical malformations and neuropsychiatric disorders. These results revealed differences in protein composition and changes in dorsoventral patterning. Proteins associated with cell fate decision, neuronal migration, and extracellular matrix composition were altered in mutant extracellular vesicles. Moreover, we show that treatment with extracellular vesicles changes the transcriptomic profile in neural progenitor cells. Our results indicate that neuronal molecular differentiation can be influenced by extracellular vesicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabrizia Pipicelli
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- International Max Planck Research School for Translational Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
| | - Natalia Baumann
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Rossella Di Giaimo
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Naples, Italy
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet (LMU), Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | - Andrea Forero-Echeverry
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet (LMU), Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Denis Jabaudon
- Department of Basic Neurosciences, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Silvia Cappello
- Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry, Munich, Germany
- Biomedical Center (BMC), Ludwig-Maximilians-Universitaet (LMU), Großhaderner Straße 9, 82152 Planegg-Martinsried, Germany
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Pavlaki I, Shapiro M, Pisignano G, Jones SME, Telenius J, Muñoz-Descalzo S, Williams RJ, Hughes JR, Vance KW. Chromatin interaction maps identify Wnt responsive cis-regulatory elements coordinating Paupar-Pax6 expression in neuronal cells. PLoS Genet 2022; 18:e1010230. [PMID: 35709096 PMCID: PMC9202886 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1010230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system-expressed long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) are often located in the genome close to protein coding genes involved in transcriptional control. Such lncRNA-protein coding gene pairs are frequently temporally and spatially co-expressed in the nervous system and are predicted to act together to regulate neuronal development and function. Although some of these lncRNAs also bind and modulate the activity of the encoded transcription factors, the regulatory mechanisms controlling co-expression of neighbouring lncRNA-protein coding genes remain unclear. Here, we used high resolution NG Capture-C to map the cis-regulatory interaction landscape of the key neuro-developmental Paupar-Pax6 lncRNA-mRNA locus. The results define chromatin architecture changes associated with high Paupar-Pax6 expression in neurons and identify both promoter selective as well as shared cis-regulatory-promoter interactions involved in regulating Paupar-Pax6 co-expression. We discovered that the TCF7L2 transcription factor, a regulator of chromatin architecture and major effector of the Wnt signalling pathway, binds to a subset of these candidate cis-regulatory elements to coordinate Paupar and Pax6 co-expression. We describe distinct roles for Paupar in Pax6 expression control and show that the Paupar DNA locus contains a TCF7L2 bound transcriptional silencer whilst the Paupar transcript can act as an activator of Pax6. Our work provides important insights into the chromatin interactions, signalling pathways and transcription factors controlling co-expression of adjacent lncRNAs and protein coding genes in the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioanna Pavlaki
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Shapiro
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- The Francis Crick Institute, London, United Kingdom
| | - Giuseppina Pisignano
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | | | - Jelena Telenius
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Silvia Muñoz-Descalzo
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- Instituto Universitario de Investigaciones Biomédicas y Sanitarias, Universidad Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain
| | - Robert J. Williams
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
| | - Jim R. Hughes
- MRC Molecular Haematology Unit, Weatherall Institute of Molecular Medicine, Radcliffe Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Keith W. Vance
- Department of Biology and Biochemistry, University of Bath, Bath, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Hillenmayer A, Wertheimer CM, Geerlof A, Eibl KH, Priglinger S, Priglinger C, Ohlmann A. Galectin-1 and -3 in high amounts inhibit angiogenic properties of human retinal microvascular endothelial cells in vitro. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0265805. [PMID: 35320287 PMCID: PMC8942239 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0265805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Galectin-1 and -3 are β-galactoside binding lectins with varying effects on angiogenesis and apoptosis. Since in retinal pigment epithelial cells high amounts of human recombinant galectin (hr-GAL)1 and 3 inhibit cell adhesion, migration and proliferation, we investigated if hr-GAL1 and 3 have homologous effects on human retinal microvascular endothelial cells (HRMEC) in vitro. Methods To investigate the effect of galectin-1 and -3 on HRMEC, proliferation, apoptosis and viability were analyzed after incubation with 30, 60 and 120 μg/ml hr-GAL1 or 3 by BrdU-ELISA, histone-DNA complex ELISA, live/dead staining and the WST-1 assay, respectively. Further on, a cell adhesion as well as tube formation assay were performed on galectin-treated HRMEC. Migration was investigated by the scratch migration assay and time-lapse microscopy. In addition, immunohistochemical staining on HRMEC for β-catenin, galectin-1 and -3 were performed and β-catenin expression was investigated by western blot analysis. Results Incubation with hr-GAL1 or 3 lead to a decrease in proliferation, migration, adhesion and tube formation of HRMEC compared to the untreated controls. No toxic effects of hr-GAL1 and 3 on HRMEC were detected. Intriguingly, after treatment of HRMEC with hr-GAL1 or 3, an activation of the proangiogenic Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway was observed. However, incubation of HRMEC with hr-GAL1 or 3 drew intracellular galectin-1 and -3 out of the cells, respectively. Conclusion Exogenously added hr-GAL1 or 3 inhibit angiogenic properties of HRMEC in vitro, an effect that might be mediated via a loss of intracellular endogenous galectins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hillenmayer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Christian M. Wertheimer
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Arie Geerlof
- Protein Expression and Purification Facility, Institute of Structural Biology, Helmholtz Center Munich for Environmental Health, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Kirsten H. Eibl
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | | | - Claudia Priglinger
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Andreas Ohlmann
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Soares LC, Al-Dalahmah O, Hillis J, Young CC, Asbed I, Sakaguchi M, O’Neill E, Szele FG. Novel Galectin-3 Roles in Neurogenesis, Inflammation and Neurological Diseases. Cells 2021; 10:3047. [PMID: 34831271 PMCID: PMC8618878 DOI: 10.3390/cells10113047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 09/27/2021] [Accepted: 09/28/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Galectin-3 (Gal-3) is an evolutionarily conserved and multifunctional protein that drives inflammation in disease. Gal-3's role in the central nervous system has been less studied than in the immune system. However, recent studies show it exacerbates Alzheimer's disease and is upregulated in a large variety of brain injuries, while loss of Gal-3 function can diminish symptoms of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's. Several novel molecular pathways for Gal-3 were recently uncovered. It is a natural ligand for TREM2 (triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells), TLR4 (Toll-like receptor 4), and IR (insulin receptor). Gal-3 regulates a number of pathways including stimulation of bone morphogenetic protein (BMP) signaling and modulating Wnt signalling in a context-dependent manner. Gal-3 typically acts in pathology but is now known to affect subventricular zone (SVZ) neurogenesis and gliogenesis in the healthy brain. Despite its myriad interactors, Gal-3 has surprisingly specific and important functions in regulating SVZ neurogenesis in disease. Gal-1, a similar lectin often co-expressed with Gal-3, also has profound effects on brain pathology and adult neurogenesis. Remarkably, Gal-3's carbohydrate recognition domain bears structural similarity to the SARS-CoV-2 virus spike protein necessary for cell entry. Gal-3 can be targeted pharmacologically and is a valid target for several diseases involving brain inflammation. The wealth of molecular pathways now known further suggest its modulation could be therapeutically useful.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana C. Soares
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK; (L.C.S.); (I.A.)
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK;
| | - Osama Al-Dalahmah
- Irving Medical Center, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA;
| | - James Hillis
- Massachusets General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 15 Parkman Street, Boston, MA 02114, USA;
| | - Christopher C. Young
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, 325 Ninth Avenue, Seattle, WA 98104, USA;
| | - Isaiah Asbed
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK; (L.C.S.); (I.A.)
| | - Masanori Sakaguchi
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba 305-8575, Japan;
| | - Eric O’Neill
- Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK;
| | - Francis G. Szele
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford, Sherrington Building, South Parks Road, Oxford OX1 3QX, UK; (L.C.S.); (I.A.)
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