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Gupta A, Laha JK. Growing Utilization of Radical Chemistry in the Synthesis of Pharmaceuticals. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300207. [PMID: 37565381 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023]
Abstract
Our current unhealthy lifestyle and the exponential surge in the population getting affected by a variety of diseases have made pharmaceuticals or drugs an imperative part of life, making the development of innovative strategies for drug discovery or the introduction of refined, cost-effective and modern technologies for the synthesis of clinically used drugs, a need of the hour. Ever since their discovery, free radicals and radical cations or anions as reactive intermediates have captivated the chemists, resulting in an exceptional utilization of these moieties throughout the field of chemical synthesis, owing to their unprecedented and widespread reactivity. Sticking with the idea of not judging the book by its cover, despite the conventional thought process of radicals being unstable and difficult to control entities, scientists and academicians around the globe have done an appreciable amount of work utilizing both persistent as well as transient radicals for a variety of organic transformations, exemplifying them with the synthesis of significant biologically active pharmaceutical ingredients. This review truly accounts for the organic radical transformations including radical addition, radical cascade cyclization, radical/radical cross-coupling, coupling with metal-complexes and radical cations coupling with nucleophiles, that offers fascinating and unconventional approaches towards the construction of intricate structural frameworks of marketed APIs with high atom- and step-economy; complementing the otherwise employed traditional methods. This tutorial review presents a comprehensive package of diverse methods utilized for radical generation, featuring their reactivity to form critical bonds in pharmaceutical total synthesis or in building key starting materials or intermediates of their synthetic journey, acknowledging their excellence, downsides and underlying mechanisms, which are otherwise poorly highlighted in the literature. Despite great achievements over the past few decades in this area, many challenges and obstacles are yet to be unraveled to shorten the distance between the academics and the industry, which are all discussed in summary and outlook.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjali Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER) S.A.S. Nagar, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, 160062, India
| | - Joydev K Laha
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology (Process Chemistry), National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education & Research (NIPER) S.A.S. Nagar, Sahibzada Ajit Singh Nagar, Mohali, 160062, India
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Heravi MM, Amiri Z, Kafshdarzadeh K, Zadsirjan V. Synthesis of indole derivatives as prevalent moieties present in selected alkaloids. RSC Adv 2021; 11:33540-33612. [PMID: 35497516 PMCID: PMC9042329 DOI: 10.1039/d1ra05972f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Indoles are a significant heterocyclic system in natural products and drugs. They are important types of molecules and natural products and play a main role in cell biology. The application of indole derivatives as biologically active compounds for the treatment of cancer cells, microbes, and different types of disorders in the human body has attracted increasing attention in recent years. Indoles, both natural and synthetic, show various biologically vital properties. Owing to the importance of this significant ring system, the investigation of novel methods of synthesis have attracted the attention of the chemical community. In this review, we aim to highlight the construction of indoles as a moiety in selected alkaloids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Majid M Heravi
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran +98 2188041344 +98 9121329147
| | - Zahra Amiri
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran +98 2188041344 +98 9121329147
| | - Kosar Kafshdarzadeh
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran +98 2188041344 +98 9121329147
| | - Vahideh Zadsirjan
- Department of Chemistry, School of Physics and Chemistry, Alzahra University Vanak Tehran Iran +98 2188041344 +98 9121329147
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3
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Sikandar S, Zahoor AF, Naheed S, Parveen B, Ali KG, Akhtar R. Fukuyama reduction, Fukuyama coupling and Fukuyama-Mitsunobu alkylation: recent developments and synthetic applications. Mol Divers 2021; 26:589-628. [PMID: 33575984 DOI: 10.1007/s11030-021-10194-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Accepted: 01/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Fukuyama reaction for the synthesis of multifunctional aldehydes, secondary amines and ketones has gained considerable importance in synthetic organic chemistry because of mild reaction conditions. The use of thioesters in both Fukuyama aldehydes and ketones synthesis is highly attractive for organic chemists as they are easily accessible from corresponding carboxylic acids. Fukuyama-Mitsunobu reaction utilizes 2-nitrobenzenesulfonyl (Ns) for the protection/activation/deprotection of primary amines to afford secondary amines in good yields and high enantioselectivities. This review presents recent synthetic developments and applications of Fukuyama reaction for the synthesis of aldehydes, secondary amines and ketones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Sikandar
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ameer Fawad Zahoor
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan.
| | - Shazia Naheed
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Bushra Parveen
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Kulsoom Ghulam Ali
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Akhtar
- Department of Chemistry, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad, 38000, Pakistan
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4
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Moustakim M, Ledford B, Garwin JA, Boyd MJ. Photocyclization of enamines to access Spiroindolines and Spirooxindoles in continuous flow. Tetrahedron Lett 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tetlet.2020.152111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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5
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Tanifuji R, Minami A, Oguri H, Oikawa H. Total synthesis of alkaloids using both chemical and biochemical methods. Nat Prod Rep 2020; 37:1098-1121. [DOI: 10.1039/c9np00073a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A chemoenzymatic approach to synthesize structurally complex natural alkaloids (tetrahydroisoquinoline antibiotics, indole diterpenes, and monoterpene indole alkaloids) has been reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Tanifuji
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Koganei
- Japan
| | - Atsushi Minami
- Division of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
| | - Hiroki Oguri
- Department of Applied Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology
- Koganei
- Japan
| | - Hideaki Oikawa
- Division of Chemistry
- Graduate School of Science
- Hokkaido University
- Sapporo
- Japan
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6
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de Souza Fernandes F, Cormanich RA, Zeoly LA, Formiga ALB, Coelho F. Employing Small Polyfunctionalized Molecules for a Diastereoselective Synthesis of Highly Substituted Indolines. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fábio de Souza Fernandes
- Institute of Chemistry; Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Campinas; Campinas Brazil
| | - Rodrigo A. Cormanich
- Institute of Chemistry; Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Campinas; Campinas Brazil
| | - Lucas A. Zeoly
- Institute of Chemistry; Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Campinas; Campinas Brazil
| | - André Luiz B. Formiga
- Institute of Chemistry; Department of Inorganic Chemistry; University of Campinas; Rua Josué de Castro, s/n - P.O. Box 6154 13083-970 Campinas SP Brazil
| | - Fernando Coelho
- Institute of Chemistry; Department of Organic Chemistry; University of Campinas; Campinas Brazil
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7
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Shi Y, Wang Q, Gao S. Recent advances in the intramolecular Mannich reaction in natural products total synthesis. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c7qo01079f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
This review focuses on selected applications of the intramolecular Mannich reaction as a key step in the total synthesis of natural products (2000–2017).
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingbo Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- China
| | - Qiaoling Wang
- East China Normal University Library
- Shanghai 200062
- China
| | - Shuanhu Gao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Green Chemistry and Chemical Processes
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Engineering
- East China Normal University
- China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Molecular Therapeutics and New Drug Development
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Suga H, Hashimoto Y, Toda Y, Fukushima K, Esaki H, Kikuchi A. Amine-Urea-Mediated Asymmetric Cycloadditions between Nitrile Oxides and o
-Hydroxystyrenes by Dual Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017; 56:11936-11939. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201705662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Suga
- Department of Chemistry and Material Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; Shinshu University; Wakasato Nagano 380-8553 Japan
| | - Yohei Hashimoto
- Department of Chemistry and Material Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; Shinshu University; Wakasato Nagano 380-8553 Japan
| | - Yasunori Toda
- Department of Chemistry and Material Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; Shinshu University; Wakasato Nagano 380-8553 Japan
| | - Kazuaki Fukushima
- Department of Chemistry; Hyogo College of Medicine; Mukogawa-cho Nishinomiya Hyogo 663-8501 Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Esaki
- Department of Chemistry; Hyogo College of Medicine; Mukogawa-cho Nishinomiya Hyogo 663-8501 Japan
| | - Ayaka Kikuchi
- Department of Chemistry and Material Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; Shinshu University; Wakasato Nagano 380-8553 Japan
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Suga H, Hashimoto Y, Toda Y, Fukushima K, Esaki H, Kikuchi A. Amine-Urea-Mediated Asymmetric Cycloadditions between Nitrile Oxides and o
-Hydroxystyrenes by Dual Activation. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201705662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Suga
- Department of Chemistry and Material Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; Shinshu University; Wakasato Nagano 380-8553 Japan
| | - Yohei Hashimoto
- Department of Chemistry and Material Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; Shinshu University; Wakasato Nagano 380-8553 Japan
| | - Yasunori Toda
- Department of Chemistry and Material Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; Shinshu University; Wakasato Nagano 380-8553 Japan
| | - Kazuaki Fukushima
- Department of Chemistry; Hyogo College of Medicine; Mukogawa-cho Nishinomiya Hyogo 663-8501 Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Esaki
- Department of Chemistry; Hyogo College of Medicine; Mukogawa-cho Nishinomiya Hyogo 663-8501 Japan
| | - Ayaka Kikuchi
- Department of Chemistry and Material Engineering; Faculty of Engineering; Shinshu University; Wakasato Nagano 380-8553 Japan
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Santi M, Müller STR, Folgueiras-Amador AA, Uttry A, Hellier P, Wirth T. Enantioselective Synthesis of trans
-2,3-Dihydro-1H
-indoles Through C-H Insertion of α-Diazocarbonyl Compounds. European J Org Chem 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201700412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Micol Santi
- School of Chemistry; Cardiff University; Park Place, Main Building CF10 3AT Cardiff UK
| | - Simon T. R. Müller
- School of Chemistry; Cardiff University; Park Place, Main Building CF10 3AT Cardiff UK
| | | | - Alexander Uttry
- School of Chemistry; Cardiff University; Park Place, Main Building CF10 3AT Cardiff UK
| | - Paul Hellier
- Pierre Fabre Médicament; Parc Industriel de la Chartreuse 81106 Castres CEDEX France
| | - Thomas Wirth
- School of Chemistry; Cardiff University; Park Place, Main Building CF10 3AT Cardiff UK
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Wang M, Zi J, Zhu J, Chen S, Wang P, Song L, Yu R. Artemisinic Acid Serves as a Novel ORCA3 Inducer to Enhance Biosynthesis of Terpenoid Indole Alkaloids in Catharanthus roseus Cambial Meristematic Cells. Nat Prod Commun 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/1934578x1601100604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effect of artemisinic acid (AA) on improving the production of terpenoid indole alkaloids (TIAs) of Catharanthus roseus cambial meristematic cells (CMCs), feeding AA to C. roseus CMCs caused 2.35-fold and 2.51-fold increases in the production of vindoline and catharanthine, respectively, compared with those of the untreated CMCs. qRT-PCR experiments showed that AA resulted in a 1.36-8.52 fold increase in the transcript levels of several related genes, including octadecanoid-derivative responsive Catharanthus AP2-domain protein 3 (ORCA3), tryptophan decarboxylase (TDC), strictosidine synthase (STR) and desacetoxyvindoline 4-hydroxylase (D4H). However, no effect was observed on the concentration of either jasmonic acid (JA), or the octadecanoid-pathway inhibitors block TIA accumulation caused by AA. The results indicated that AA might serve as a novel ORCA3 inducer to manipulate biosynthesis of TIAs in C. roseus CMCs via an unknown mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxuan Wang
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jiachen Zi
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Jianhua Zhu
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Shan Chen
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Pu Wang
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Liyan Song
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
| | - Rongmin Yu
- Biotechnological Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Department of Natural Products Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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12
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Oguri H. Biomimetic Assembly Lines Producing Natural Product Analogs: Strategies from a Versatile Manifold to Skeletally Diverse Scaffolds. CHEM REC 2016; 16:652-66. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201500213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2015] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Oguri
- Division of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; 2-24-16 Nakacho Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
- JST PRESTO; 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
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13
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Recent Advances of 1,3-Dipolar Cycloaddition Chemistry for Alkaloid Synthesisa. ADVANCES IN HETEROCYCLIC CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.aihch.2016.03.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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14
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Oguri H. Biomimetic Assembly Lines Producing Natural Product Analogs: Strategies from a Versatile Manifold to Skeletally Diverse Scaffolds. CHEM REC 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201201600213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Oguri
- Division of Applied Chemistry Graduate School of Engineering; Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology; 2-24-16 Nakacho Koganei Tokyo 184-8588 Japan
- JST PRESTO; 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi Saitama 332-0012 Japan
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Pateraki I, Heskes AM, Hamberger B. Cytochromes P450 for Terpene Functionalisation and Metabolic Engineering. ADVANCES IN BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING/BIOTECHNOLOGY 2015; 148:107-39. [DOI: 10.1007/10_2014_301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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G. Banwell M, V. White L, C. Willis A. ABC → ABCE/D Based Approaches to the Pentacyclic Ring System of the Vinca Alkaloids Using Intramolecular Hetero-[2+2]cycloaddition and Gold(I)-Catalyzed 6-endo-dig Cyclisation Protocols. HETEROCYCLES 2015. [DOI: 10.3987/com-14-s(k)19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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