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Adusei EBA, Casetti VT, Goldsmith CD, Caswell M, Alinj D, Park J, Zeller M, Rusakov AA, Kinney ZJ. Bent naphthodithiophenes: synthesis and characterization of isomeric fluorophores. RSC Adv 2024; 14:25120-25129. [PMID: 39139244 PMCID: PMC11318266 DOI: 10.1039/d4ra04850d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2024] [Accepted: 07/26/2024] [Indexed: 08/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Thiophene-containing heteroarenes are one of the most well-known classes of π-conjugated building blocks for photoactive molecules. Isomeric naphthodithiophenes (NDTs) are at the forefront of this research area due to their straightforward synthesis and derivatization. Notably, NDT geometries that are bent - such as naphtho[2,1-b:3,4-b']dithiophene (α-NDT) and naphtho[1,2-b:4,3-b']dithiophene (β-NDT) - are seldom employed as photoactive small molecules. This report investigates how remote substituents impact the photophysical properties of isomeric α- and β-NDTs. The orientation of the thiophene units plays a critical role in the emission: in the α(OHex)R2 series conjugation from the end-caps to the NDT core is apparent, while in the β(Oi-Pent)R2 series minimal change is observed unless strong electron acceptors, such as β(Oi-Pent)(PhCF3)2, are employed. This push-pull acceptor-donor-acceptor (A-D-A) fluorophore exhibits positive fluorosolvatochromism that correlates with increasing solvent polarity parameter, E T(30). In total, these results highlight how remote substituents are able to modulate the emission of isomeric bent NDTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel B A Adusei
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University Rochester Michigan USA +1-248-370-2347
| | - Vincent T Casetti
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University Rochester Michigan USA +1-248-370-2347
| | - Calvin D Goldsmith
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University Rochester Michigan USA +1-248-370-2347
| | - Madison Caswell
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University Rochester Michigan USA +1-248-370-2347
| | - Drecila Alinj
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University Rochester Michigan USA +1-248-370-2347
| | - Jimin Park
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University Rochester Michigan USA +1-248-370-2347
| | - Matthias Zeller
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana USA
| | - Alexander A Rusakov
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University Rochester Michigan USA +1-248-370-2347
| | - Zacharias J Kinney
- Department of Chemistry, Oakland University Rochester Michigan USA +1-248-370-2347
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2
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Ricci G, Canola S, Dai Y, Fazzi D, Negri F. Impact of Fluoroalkylation on the n-Type Charge Transport of Two Naphthodithiophene Diimide Derivatives. Molecules 2021; 26:4119. [PMID: 34299394 PMCID: PMC8307299 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26144119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/03/2021] [Accepted: 07/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, we investigate two recently synthesized naphthodithiophene diimide (NDTI) derivatives featuring promising n-type charge transport properties. We analyze the charge transport pathways and model charge mobility with the non-adiabatic hopping mechanism using the Marcus-Levich-Jortner rate constant formulation, highlighting the role of fluoroalkylated substitution in α (α-NDTI) and at the imide nitrogen (N-NDTI) position. In contrast with the experimental results, similar charge mobilities are computed for the two derivatives. However, while α-NDTI displays remarkably anisotropic mobilities with an almost one-dimensional directionality, N-NDTI sustains a more isotropic charge percolation pattern. We propose that the strong anisotropic charge transport character of α-NDTI is responsible for the modest measured charge mobility. In addition, when the role of thermally induced transfer integral fluctuations is investigated, the computed electron-phonon couplings for intermolecular sliding modes indicate that dynamic disorder effects are also more detrimental for the charge transport of α-NDTI than N-NDTI. The lower observed mobility of α-NDTI is therefore rationalized in terms of a prominent anisotropic character of the charge percolation pathways, with the additional contribution of dynamic disorder effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaetano Ricci
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via F. Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (G.R.); (S.C.); (Y.D.)
| | - Sofia Canola
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via F. Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (G.R.); (S.C.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yasi Dai
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via F. Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (G.R.); (S.C.); (Y.D.)
| | - Daniele Fazzi
- Institut für Physikalische Chemie, Department für Chemie, Universität zu Köln, Greinstr. 4-6, D-50939 Köln, Germany
| | - Fabrizia Negri
- Dipartimento di Chimica “Giacomo Ciamician”, Università di Bologna, Via F. Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy; (G.R.); (S.C.); (Y.D.)
- INSTM, UdR Bologna, Via F. Selmi, 2, 40126 Bologna, Italy
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3
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Miyake Y, Shinokubo H. Hetero[8]circulenes: synthetic progress and intrinsic properties. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:15605-15614. [DOI: 10.1039/d0cc06495e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Synthetic route for hetero[8]circulenes are classified into the annulative construction of eight-membered ring and the peripheral ring fusion of eight-membered ring. Post-transformation enables the tuning of structural features and electronic nature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshihiro Miyake
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8603
- Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry
- Graduate School of Engineering
- Nagoya University
- Nagoya 464-8603
- Japan
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4
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Yan J, Pulis AP, Perry GJP, Procter DJ. Metal‐Free Synthesis of Benzothiophenes by Twofold C−H Functionalization: Direct Access to Materials‐Oriented Heteroaromatics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019; 58:15675-15679. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201908319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Revised: 08/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Yan
- School of Chemistry University of Manchester Oxford Rd Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Alexander P. Pulis
- School of Chemistry University of Manchester Oxford Rd Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Gregory J. P. Perry
- School of Chemistry University of Manchester Oxford Rd Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - David J. Procter
- School of Chemistry University of Manchester Oxford Rd Manchester M13 9PL UK
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5
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Yan J, Pulis AP, Perry GJP, Procter DJ. Metal‐Free Synthesis of Benzothiophenes by Twofold C−H Functionalization: Direct Access to Materials‐Oriented Heteroaromatics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201908319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jiajie Yan
- School of Chemistry University of Manchester Oxford Rd Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Alexander P. Pulis
- School of Chemistry University of Manchester Oxford Rd Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - Gregory J. P. Perry
- School of Chemistry University of Manchester Oxford Rd Manchester M13 9PL UK
| | - David J. Procter
- School of Chemistry University of Manchester Oxford Rd Manchester M13 9PL UK
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Kato S, Akahori S, Serizawa Y, Lin X, Yamauchi M, Yagai S, Sakurai T, Matsuda W, Seki S, Shinokubo H, Miyake Y. Systematic Synthesis of Tetrathia[8]circulenes: The Influence of Peripheral Substituents on the Structures and Properties in Solution and Solid States. J Org Chem 2019; 85:62-69. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Shohei Kato
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Shuhei Akahori
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yuma Serizawa
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Xu Lin
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Mitsuaki Yamauchi
- Department of Applied Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, 1-33 Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Shiki Yagai
- Institute for Global Prominent Research (IGPR), Chiba University, 1-33, Yayoi-cho, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8522, Japan
| | - Tsuneaki Sakurai
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Wakana Matsuda
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Shu Seki
- Department of Molecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto 615-8510, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shinokubo
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyake
- Department of Molecular and Macromolecular Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya University, Nagoya, 464-8603, Japan
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Takimiya K, Nakano M. Thiophene-Fused Naphthalene Diimides: New Building Blocks for Electron Deficient π-Functional Materials. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2018. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20170298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuo Takimiya
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aoba, Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578
| | - Masahiro Nakano
- RIKEN Center for Emergent Matter Science (CEMS), 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama 351-0198
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Naito T. Development of a Control Method for Conduction and Magnetism in Molecular Crystals. BULLETIN OF THE CHEMICAL SOCIETY OF JAPAN 2017. [DOI: 10.1246/bcsj.20160295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Komiyama T, Minami Y, Hiyama T. Aryl(triethyl)silanes for Biaryl and Teraryl Synthesis by Copper(II)-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016; 55:15787-15791. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.201608667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2016] [Revised: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Komiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Chuo University; Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 112-8551 Japan
| | - Yasunori Minami
- Research and Development Initiative; Chuo University; Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 112-8551 Japan
| | - Tamejiro Hiyama
- Research and Development Initiative; Chuo University; Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 112-8551 Japan
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Komiyama T, Minami Y, Hiyama T. Aryl(triethyl)silanes for Biaryl and Teraryl Synthesis by Copper(II)-Catalyzed Cross-Coupling Reaction. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2016. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201608667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Takeshi Komiyama
- Department of Applied Chemistry; Chuo University; Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 112-8551 Japan
| | - Yasunori Minami
- Research and Development Initiative; Chuo University; Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 112-8551 Japan
| | - Tamejiro Hiyama
- Research and Development Initiative; Chuo University; Kasuga, Bunkyo-ku Tokyo 112-8551 Japan
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Tasior M, Gryko DT. Synthesis and Properties of Ladder-Type BN-Heteroacenes and Diazabenzoindoles Built on a Pyrrolopyrrole Scaffold. J Org Chem 2016; 81:6580-6. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.6b01209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariusz Tasior
- Institute of Organic Chemistry of Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry of Polish Academy of Sciences, Kasprzaka 44/52, 01-224 Warsaw, Poland
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12
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Klikar M, Solanke P, Tydlitát J, Bureš F. Alphabet-Inspired Design of (Hetero)Aromatic Push-Pull Chromophores. CHEM REC 2016; 16:1886-905. [PMID: 27272649 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.201600032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Push-pull molecules represent a unique and fascinating class of organic π-conjugated materials. Herein, we provide a summary of their recent extraordinary design inspired by letters of the alphabet, especially focusing on H-, L-, T-, V-, X-, and Y-shaped molecules. Representative structures from each class were presented and their fundamental properties and prospective applications were discussed. In particular, emphasis is given to molecules recently prepared in our laboratory with T-, X-, and Y-shaped arrangements based on indan-1,3-dione, benzene, pyridine, pyrazine, imidazole, and triphenylamine. These push-pull molecules turned out to be very efficient charge-transfer chromophores with tunable properties suitable for second-order nonlinear optics, two-photon absorption, reversible pH-induced and photochromic switching, photocatalysis, and intercalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Klikar
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice, 53210, Czech Republic
| | - Parmeshwar Solanke
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice, 53210, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Tydlitát
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice, 53210, Czech Republic
| | - Filip Bureš
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Technology, Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Pardubice, Studentská 573, Pardubice, 53210, Czech Republic
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Stężycki R, Grzybowski M, Clermont G, Blanchard-Desce M, Gryko DT. Z-Shaped Pyrrolo[3,2-b
]pyrroles and Their Transformation into π-Expanded Indolo[3,2-b
]indoles. Chemistry 2016; 22:5198-203. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201505052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafał Stężycki
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry; Warsaw University of Technology; Noakowskiego 3 00-664 Warsaw Poland
| | - Marek Grzybowski
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
| | - Guillaume Clermont
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires; Université Bordeaux (CNRS UMR 5255) Bâtiment A12; 351 cours de la liberation 33405 Talence cedex France
| | - Mireille Blanchard-Desce
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires; Université Bordeaux (CNRS UMR 5255) Bâtiment A12; 351 cours de la liberation 33405 Talence cedex France
| | - Daniel T. Gryko
- Institute of Organic Chemistry; Polish Academy of Sciences; Kasprzaka 44/52 01-224 Warsaw Poland
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Eberhart AJ, Shrives H, Zhang Y, Carrër A, Parry AVS, Tate DJ, Turner ML, Procter DJ. Sulfoxide-directed metal-free cross-couplings in the expedient synthesis of benzothiophene-based components of materials. Chem Sci 2016; 7:1281-1285. [PMID: 29910885 PMCID: PMC5975836 DOI: 10.1039/c5sc03823e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2015] [Accepted: 11/04/2015] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
A metal-free approach combining sulfoxide-directed metal-free C-H cross-couplings with tuneable electrophile-mediated heterocyclizations and carbocyclative dimerizations, allows expedient access to benzothiophene-based systems that are components of important materials or are proven organic materials in their own right. As benzothiophene-based materials are typically prepared using Pd-catalyzed cross-coupling processes, our approach allows potential issues of metal cost and supply, and metal-contamination of products, to be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Eberhart
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Rd , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK .
| | - Harry Shrives
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Rd , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK .
| | - Yuntong Zhang
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Rd , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK .
| | - Amandine Carrër
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Rd , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK .
| | - Adam V S Parry
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Rd , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK .
| | - Daniel J Tate
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Rd , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK .
| | - Michael L Turner
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Rd , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK .
| | - David J Procter
- School of Chemistry , University of Manchester , Oxford Rd , Manchester , M13 9PL , UK .
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