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Effects of Neutral, Anionic and Cationic Polymer Brushes Grafted from Poly(para-phenylene vinylene) and Poly(para-phenylene ethynylene) on the Polymer’s Photoluminescent Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14142767. [PMID: 35890546 PMCID: PMC9322352 DOI: 10.3390/polym14142767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The conformation of a fluorescent polymer, in the solid state or in solution, plays a critical role in the polymer’s fluorescent properties. Thus, grafted side chains on a fluorescent polymer can directly influence its optical properties. In this study, the effect of grafted polymeric side chains on the photoluminescent properties of poly(para-phenylene vinylene) (PPV) and poly(para-phenylene ethynylene) (PPE) were investigated. Low- and high-molecular-weight grafts of neutral poly(n-butyl acrylate), cationic poly(trimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) and anionic poly(sulfopropyl acrylate) were grafted onto PPVs and PPEs, and the effect of the grafting on the graft copolymer’s absorption and emission wavelengths, the fluorescence intensity and the quantum yield were studied. The results indicate that in the case of the ionic grafts, contrary to the expectations, the polymers have a reduced quantum yield. This contrasts with the copolymers with uncharged side chains (PnBA), where a major increase in the quantum yield is seen for the self-quenching conjugated pristine polymers. These results reinforce that the molecular conformation of the polymer in a solid or solution plays a critical role in fluorescent polymers photoluminescent properties.
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Tailor made synthesis of water-soluble polythiophene-graft-poly(caprolactone-block-dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate) copolymer and their pH tunable self-assembly and optoelectronic properties. Eur Polym J 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2022.111124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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3
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Jadoun S, Rathore DS, Riaz U, Chauhan NPS. Tailoring of conducting polymers via copolymerization – A review. Eur Polym J 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2021.110561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
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Tamiya T, Cui X, Hsu YI, Kanno T, Asoh TA, Uyama H. Enhancement of interfacial adhesion in immiscible polymer blend by using a graft copolymer synthesized from propargyl-terminated poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyhexanoate). Eur Polym J 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.eurpolymj.2020.109662] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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Jarosz T, Gebka K, Stolarczyk A. Recent Advances in Conjugated Graft Copolymers: Approaches and Applications. Molecules 2019; 24:E3019. [PMID: 31434298 PMCID: PMC6721028 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24163019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2019] [Revised: 08/14/2019] [Accepted: 08/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The main goal of this mini review is to summarise the most recent progress in the field of conjugated graft copolymers featuring conjugation across the main chain, across side chains or across both. The main approaches to the synthesis of conjugated graft copolymers are highlighted, and the various trends in the development of new copolymer materials and the intended directions of their applications are explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomasz Jarosz
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 9 Strzody Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Analytical Chemistry and Electrochemistry, Silesian University of Technology, 6 Krzywoustego Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
| | - Karolina Gebka
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 9 Strzody Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Stolarczyk
- Department of Physical Chemistry and Technology of Polymers, Silesian University of Technology, 9 Strzody Street, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland.
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6
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Wu JG, Chen JH, Liu KT, Luo SC. Engineering Antifouling Conducting Polymers for Modern Biomedical Applications. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2019; 11:21294-21307. [PMID: 31120722 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.9b04924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Conducting polymers are considered to be favorable electrode materials for implanted biosensors and bioelectronics, because their mechanical properties are similar to those of biological tissues such as nerve and brain tissues. However, one of the primary challenges for implanted devices is to prevent the unwanted protein adhesion or cell binding within biological fluids. The nonspecific adsorption generally causes the malfunction of implanted devices, which is problematic for long-term applications. When responding to the requirements of solving the problems caused by nonspecific adsorption, an increasing number of studies on antifouling conducting polymers has been recently published. In this review, synthetic strategies for preparing antifouling conducting polymers, including direct synthesis of functional monomers and post-functionalization, are introduced. The applications of antifouling conducting polymers in modern biomedical applications are particularly highlighted. This paper presents focuses on the features of antifouling conducting polymers and the challenges of modern biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jhih-Guang Wu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Jie-Hao Chen
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ting Liu
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
| | - Shyh-Chyang Luo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering , National Taiwan University , No. 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Road , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
- Advanced Research Center for Green Materials Science and Technology , National Taiwan University , Taipei 10617 , Taiwan
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7
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Molina BG, Cianga L, Bendrea AD, Cianga I, Alemán C, Armelin E. An amphiphilic, heterografted polythiophene copolymer containing biocompatible/biodegradable side chains for use as an (electro)active surface in biomedical applications. Polym Chem 2019. [DOI: 10.1039/c9py00926d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Design of an amphiphilic heterografted block copolymer composed of a hydrophobic core backbone and both hydrophilic side chains, able to detect the redox reaction of NADH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda G. Molina
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química
- EEBE
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
- Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Luminita Cianga
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Iasi
- Romania
| | | | - Ioan Cianga
- “Petru Poni” Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry
- Iasi
- Romania
| | - Carlos Alemán
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química
- EEBE
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
- Barcelona
- Spain
| | - Elaine Armelin
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química
- EEBE
- Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya
- Barcelona
- Spain
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8
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Baek P, Mata JP, Sokolova A, Nelson A, Aydemir N, Shahlori R, McGillivray DJ, Barker D, Travas-Sejdic J. Chain shape and thin film behaviour of poly(thiophene)-graft-poly(acrylate urethane). SOFT MATTER 2018; 14:6875-6882. [PMID: 30083686 DOI: 10.1039/c8sm00777b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Electronic graft copolymers with conjugated polymer backbones are emerging as promising materials for various organic electronics. These materials combine the advantages of organic electronic materials, such as molecular tunability of opto-electronic and electrochemical properties, with solution processability and other 'designer' physical and mechanical properties imparted through the addition of grafted polymer side chains. Future development of such materials with complex molecular architecture requires a better understanding of the effect of molecular parameters, such as side chain length, on the structure and, in turn, on the electronic properties. In this study, poly(thiophene)-graft-poly(acrylate urethane) (PTh-g-PAU) was examined as a model system and we investigate the effect of side chain length on the overall shape and size in solution. Furthermore, the changes in the swelling behaviour of the graft copolymer thin films help in understanding their electrochemical redox properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Baek
- Polymer Electronics Research Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand. and The MacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Jitendra P Mata
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Anna Sokolova
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Andrew Nelson
- Australian Centre for Neutron Scattering, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - Nihan Aydemir
- Polymer Electronics Research Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand. and The MacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Rayomand Shahlori
- Polymer Electronics Research Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand. and The MacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Duncan J McGillivray
- Polymer Electronics Research Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand. and The MacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - David Barker
- Polymer Electronics Research Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand.
| | - Jadranka Travas-Sejdic
- Polymer Electronics Research Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand. and The MacDiarmid Institute of Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
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Baek P, Voorhaar L, Barker D, Travas-Sejdic J. Molecular Approach to Conjugated Polymers with Biomimetic Properties. Acc Chem Res 2018; 51:1581-1589. [PMID: 29897228 DOI: 10.1021/acs.accounts.7b00596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
The field of bioelectronics involves the fascinating interplay between biology and human-made electronics. Applications such as tissue engineering, biosensing, drug delivery, and wearable electronics require biomimetic materials that can translate the physiological and chemical processes of biological systems, such as organs, tissues. and cells, into electrical signals and vice versa. However, the difference in the physical nature of soft biological elements and rigid electronic materials calls for new conductive or electroactive materials with added biomimetic properties that can bridge the gap. Soft electronics that utilize organic materials, such as conjugated polymers, can bring many important features to bioelectronics. Among the many advantages of conjugated polymers, the ability to modulate the biocompatibility, solubility, functionality, and mechanical properties through side chain engineering can alleviate the issues of mechanical mismatch and provide better interface between the electronics and biological elements. Additionally, conjugated polymers, being both ionically and electrically conductive through reversible doping processes provide means for direct sensing and stimulation of biological processes in cells, tissues, and organs. In this Account, we focus on our recent progress in molecular engineering of conjugated polymers with tunable biomimetic properties, such as biocompatibility, responsiveness, stretchability, self-healing, and adhesion. Our approach is general and versatile, which is based on functionalization of conjugated polymers with long side chains, commonly polymeric or biomolecules. Applications for such materials are wide-ranging, where we have demonstrated conductive, stimuli-responsive antifouling, and cell adhesive biointerfaces that can respond to external stimuli such as temperature, salt concentration, and redox reactions, the processes that in turn modify and reversibly switch the surface properties. Furthermore, utilizing the advantageous chemical, physical, mechanical and functional properties of the grafts, we progressed into grafting of the long side chains onto conjugated polymers in solution, with the vision of synthesizing solution-processable conjugated graft copolymers with biomimetic functionalities. Examples of the developed materials to date include rubbery and adhesive photoluminescent plastics, biomolecule-functionalized electrospun biosensors, thermally and dually responsive photoluminescent conjugated polymers, and tunable self-healing, adhesive, and stretchable strain sensors, advanced functional biocidal polymers, and filtration membranes. As outlined in these examples, the applications of these biomimetic, conjugated polymers are still in the development stage toward truly printable, organic bioelectronic devices. However, in this Account, we advocate that molecular engineering of conjugated polymers is an attractive approach to a versatile class of organic electronics with both ionic and electrical conductivity as well as mechanical properties required for next-generation bioelectronics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Baek
- Polymer Electronics Research Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - Lenny Voorhaar
- Polymer Electronics Research Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
| | - David Barker
- Polymer Electronics Research Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
| | - Jadranka Travas-Sejdic
- Polymer Electronics Research Centre, School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, Auckland 1010, New Zealand
- The MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Wellington 6140, New Zealand
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Marina S, Mantione D, ManojKumar K, Kari V, Gutierrez J, Tercjak A, Sanchez-Sanchez A, Mecerreyes D. New electroactive macromonomers and multi-responsive PEDOT graft copolymers. Polym Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8py00680f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Poly(3,4-ethylenedioxithiophene) (PEDOT) is the conducting polymer with the biggest prospects in the field of organic electronics due to its high electrical conductivity and transparency as thin films.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Marina
- POLYMAT
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
- Joxe Mari Korta Centre
- Donostia-San Sebastian
- Spain
| | - Daniele Mantione
- Laboratoire de Chimie des Polymères Organiques
- Université Bordeaux/CNRS/INP
- Allée Geoffroy Saint Hilaire
- 33615 Pessac Cedex
- France
| | - Kasina ManojKumar
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Advanced Sciences
- VIT University
- Vellore 632 014
- India
| | - Vijayakrishna Kari
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Advanced Sciences
- VIT University
- Vellore 632 014
- India
| | - Junkal Gutierrez
- Group ‘Materials + Technologies’
- Faculty of Engineering Gipuzkoa
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
- 20018 Donostia
- Spain
| | - Agnieszka Tercjak
- Group ‘Materials + Technologies’
- Faculty of Engineering Gipuzkoa
- University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU)
- 20018 Donostia
- Spain
| | | | - David Mecerreyes
- POLYMAT
- University of the Basque Country UPV/EHU
- Joxe Mari Korta Centre
- Donostia-San Sebastian
- Spain
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11
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Kerr-Phillips TE, Aydemir N, Chan EWC, Barker D, Malmström J, Plesse C, Travas-Sejdic J. Conducting electrospun fibres with polyanionic grafts as highly selective, label-free, electrochemical biosensor with a low detection limit for non-Hodgkin lymphoma gene. Biosens Bioelectron 2017; 100:549-555. [PMID: 29017070 DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2017.09.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2017] [Revised: 09/21/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
A highly selective, label-free sensor for the non-Hodgkin lymphoma gene, with an aM detection limit, utilizing electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) is presented. The sensor consists of a conducting electrospun fibre mat, surface-grafted with poly(acrylic acid) (PAA) brushes and a conducting polymer sensing element with covalently attached oligonucleotide probes. The sensor was fabricated from electrospun NBR rubber, embedded with poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) (PEDOT), followed by grafting poly(acrylic acid) brushes and then electrochemically polymerizing a conducting polymer monomer with ssDNA probe sequence pre-attached. The resulting non-Hodgkin lymphoma gene sensor showed a detection limit of 1aM (1 × 10-18mol/L), more than 400 folds lower compared to a thin-film analogue. The sensor presented extraordinary selectivity, with only 1%, 2.7% and 4.6% of the signal recorded for the fully non-complimentary, T-A and G-C base mismatch oligonucleotide sequences, respectively. We suggest that such greatly enhanced selectivity is due to the presence of negatively charged carboxylic acid moieties from PAA grafts that electrostatically repel the non-complementary and mismatch DNA sequences, overcoming the non-specific binding.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas E Kerr-Phillips
- Polymer Electronics Research Centre (PERC), School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nihan Aydemir
- Polymer Electronics Research Centre (PERC), School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Eddie Wai Chi Chan
- Polymer Electronics Research Centre (PERC), School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - David Barker
- Polymer Electronics Research Centre (PERC), School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Jenny Malmström
- Polymer Electronics Research Centre (PERC), School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand; Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Auckland, 2-6 Park Avenue, Auckland, New Zealand; MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand
| | - Cedric Plesse
- LPPI-EA2528, Institut des Materiaux, 5 mail Gay Lussac, Neuville sur Oise, Cergy-Pontoise cedex 95031, France
| | - Jadranka Travas-Sejdic
- Polymer Electronics Research Centre (PERC), School of Chemical Sciences, University of Auckland, 23 Symonds Street, Auckland, New Zealand; MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology, Victoria University of Wellington, PO Box 600, Wellington, New Zealand.
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12
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Strover LT, Hackett AJ, Travas-Sejdic J, Malmström J. Dopant macroinitiator for electropolymerisation and functionalisation of conducting polymer thin films. POLYM INT 2017. [DOI: 10.1002/pi.5452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lisa T Strover
- Polymer Electronics Research Centre, School of Chemical Sciences; University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology; Wellington New Zealand
- Department of Solar Energy and Environmental Physics, The Jacob Blaustein Institutes for Desert Research (BIDR); Ben-Gurion University of the Negev; Sede Boker Campus, Midreshet Ben-Gurion Israel
| | - Alissa J Hackett
- Polymer Electronics Research Centre, School of Chemical Sciences; University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology; Wellington New Zealand
| | - Jadranka Travas-Sejdic
- Polymer Electronics Research Centre, School of Chemical Sciences; University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology; Wellington New Zealand
| | - Jenny Malmström
- Polymer Electronics Research Centre, School of Chemical Sciences; University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
- MacDiarmid Institute for Advanced Materials and Nanotechnology; Wellington New Zealand
- Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering; University of Auckland; Auckland New Zealand
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13
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Hackett AJ, Malmström J, Travas-Sejdic J. Functionalization of conducting polymers for biointerface applications. Prog Polym Sci 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2017.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
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