1
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Wang M, Su Y, Guo H, Chen W, Zhou Z, Liu S, Zhou G. Thiopyran-Fused Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds Synthesized via Pt(II)-Catalyzed One-Pot Ring-Expansion and 6- endo Cyclization Reactions. J Org Chem 2024. [PMID: 38785119 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.4c00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2024]
Abstract
A series of thiopyran-fused polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) have been straightforwardly synthesized from 2,5-di(1-en-3-ynyl)thiophene-containing precursors via one-pot ring-expansion and 6-endo cyclization reactions. The reaction monitoring and the density function theoretical calculation suggest that the ring-expansion reaction occurs prior to 6-endo cyclization. Moreover, the absorption profiles of the thiopyran-fused PAHs suggest that the π-conjugation extension on the side of the cyclopentadiene ring in the cyclopenta[b]thiochromene core is predominant in prolonging the effective conjugation length, while the effect from extension on the other side is negligible. Furthermore, all of the thiopyran-fused PAHs exhibit halochromic properties. Upon the addition of trifluoromethanesulfonic acid, fluorescence "off-on" switches can be found for these thiopyran-fused PAHs. Therefore, this work not only provides a new synthetic approach for one-pot ring-expansion and 6-endo cyclization reactions but also expands the diversity of thiopyran-fused PAHs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Yangzhe Su
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Hangyu Guo
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Weinan Chen
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Zhanglang Zhou
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Si Liu
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
| | - Gang Zhou
- Laboratory of Advanced Materials, State Key Laboratory of Molecular Engineering of Polymers, Fudan University, 2205 Songhu Road, Shanghai 200438, P. R. China
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2
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Ruan Z, Schramm J, Bauer JB, Naumann T, Bettinger HF, Tonner-Zech R, Gottfried JM. Synthesis of Tridecacene by Multistep Single-Molecule Manipulation. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:3700-3709. [PMID: 38216144 PMCID: PMC10870776 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.3c09392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Acenes represent a unique class of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons that have fascinated chemists and physicists due to their exceptional potential for use in organic electronics. While recent advances in on-surface synthesis have resulted in higher acenes up to dodecacene, a comprehensive understanding of their fundamental properties necessitates their expansion toward even longer homologues. Here, we demonstrate the on-surface synthesis of tridecacene via atom-manipulation-induced conformational preparation and dissociation of a trietheno-bridged precursor on a Au(111) surface. The generated tridecacene has been investigated by scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy (STM/STS), combined with first-principles calculations. We observe that the STS transport gap (1.09 eV) shrinks again following the gap reopening of dodecacene (1.4 eV). Spin-polarized density functional theory calculations confirm an antiferromagnetic open-shell ground-state electronic configuration for tridecacene in the gas phase. Interestingly, tridecacene's open-shell character is significantly reduced upon interaction with the Au(111) surface despite being only physisorbed. The interaction with the surface leads to a lowering of the magnetization of tridecacene, a reduced gap between the highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) and the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO), compared to the gas phase, and a reduced relative energy to the nonmagnetic state, making it nearly isoenergetic. These observations show qualitatively that the influence of the Au(111) substrate on the properties of long acenes is significant, which is important for interpreting the measured STS transport gaps. Our work contributes to a fundamental understanding of the electronic properties of long acenes, confirming a nonmonotonous length-dependent HOMO-LUMO gap, and to the development of multistep tip-assisted synthesis of elusive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zilin Ruan
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Jakob Schramm
- Universität
Leipzig, Fakultät für Chemie und Mineralogie, Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische
und Theoretische Chemie, Linnéstraße 2, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - John B. Bauer
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität
Tübingen, Auf
der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Tim Naumann
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
| | - Holger F. Bettinger
- Institut
für Organische Chemie, Universität
Tübingen, Auf
der Morgenstelle 18, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
| | - Ralf Tonner-Zech
- Universität
Leipzig, Fakultät für Chemie und Mineralogie, Wilhelm-Ostwald-Institut für Physikalische
und Theoretische Chemie, Linnéstraße 2, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - J. Michael Gottfried
- Fachbereich
Chemie, Philipps-Universität Marburg, Hans-Meerwein-Str. 4, 35032 Marburg, Germany
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3
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Saatlo RE, Matiba JP, Rudolph M, Rominger F, Hashmi ASK. Gold(I)-Mediated Cyclizations of Triene-Yne Systems: An Easy Access to Cyclopenta-Fused Anthracenes. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301671. [PMID: 37283554 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The direct synthesis of cyclopenta-fused anthracenes (CP-anthracenes) through a gold(I)-catalyzed cyclization reaction of easily available triene-yne systems bearing a benzofulvene substructure, is reported. The targets are of great interest due to the potential use as organic materials and the preparation of these compounds is gaining huge importance. The applied starting materials are readily available through a three-step synthesis, which further contributes to the advantages of this route. In addition, UV-Vis and fluorescent spectra of the obtained CP-anthracenes were recorded.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebeka Eshagh Saatlo
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jan P Matiba
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Matthias Rudolph
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Frank Rominger
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Stephen K Hashmi
- Organisch-Chemisches Institut, Heidelberg University, Im Neuenheimer Feld 270, 69120, Heidelberg, Germany
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4
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Kueh W, Shi X, Phua TW, Kueh H, Liau YC, Chi C. π-Extended S-Heterocyclic Naphthoquinodimethane with Dual Diradical and Dipolar Character. Org Lett 2022; 24:5935-5940. [PMID: 35938992 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.2c02188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The 2,6-naphthoquinodimethane (2,6-NQDM) containing S-heterocyclic molecule 6-S was synthesized, and its dual open-shell diradical and dipolar characters were revealed via both experimental and theoretical studies. Unlike the shorter p-quinodimethane (p-QDM)-containing analogue 5-S, which possesses a closed-shell ground state (y0 = 0%) with small dipolar character, 6-S possesses enhanced dipolar character with a singlet diradical ground state (y0 = 23.3%) and a thermally accessible triplet excited state (ΔEST = -4.13 kcal/mol). Despite this, it displays good stability (t1/2 = 41days) under ambient air and light conditions due to its distinctive dipolar character and kinetic blocking of reactive sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weixiang Kueh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Xueliang Shi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Teng Wei Phua
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Huilin Kueh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Yuan Cheng Liau
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
| | - Chunyan Chi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore, 117543, Singapore
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5
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Tian X, Guo J, Sun W, Yuan L, Dou C, Wang Y. Tuning Diradical Properties of Boron-Containing π-Systems by Structural Isomerism. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202200045. [PMID: 35146820 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202200045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Tuning diradical character is an important topic for organic diradicaloids. Herein, we report the precise borylation enabling structural isomerism as an effective strategy to modulate diradical character and thereby properties of organic diradicaloids. We synthesized a new B-containing polycyclic hydrocarbon that has the indeno[1,2-b]fluorene π-skeleton with the β-carbons bonding to two boron atoms. Detailed theoretical and experimental results show that this bonding pattern leads to its distinctive electronic structures and properties in comparison to that of its isomeric molecule. This molecule has the efficient conjugation between boron atoms and π-skeleton, resulting in downshifted LUMO and HOMO levels. Moreover, it exhibits smaller diradical character and thereby inhibited diradical properties, such as significantly blue-shifted light absorption, larger energy bandgap and weak para-magnetic resonance. Notably, this B-containing polycyclic hydrocarbon possesses much stronger Lewis acidity and its Lewis acid-base adducts display enhanced diradical character, demonstrating the positive effects of Lewis coordination on modulating diradical performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyu Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Jiaxiang Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Wenting Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Liuzhong Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Chuandong Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
| | - Yue Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Supramolecular Structure and Materials College of Chemistry, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, P. R. China
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6
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Ito M, Sakai M, Ando N, Yamaguchi S. Electron-Deficient Heteroacenes that Contain Two Boron Atoms: Near-Infrared Fluorescence Based on a Push-Pull Effect*. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:21853-21859. [PMID: 34115434 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202106642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Electron-deficient heteroacenes that contain two tricoordinate boron atoms in their acene skeletons and planarized phenyl ether moieties at their periphery were synthesized via the borylation of silicon-bridged precursors. X-ray crystallographic analysis revealed quinoidal structures, which give rise to two-step reversible redox processes for both the reduction and oxidation. These compounds exhibit intense absorption and sharp fluorescence bands with vibronic structures in the near-infrared (NIR) region. These properties originate from the push-pull effect along the long axis of the molecule derived from the electron-donating ether moieties and the electron-accepting boron moieties. Of particular note is the NIR emission of the thienothiophene-centered heteroacene, which has a maximum at 952 nm with a narrow band width of 309 cm-1 in cyclohexane. A Franck-Condon analysis revealed the crucial role of the sterically less-hindered thienothiophene spacer in achieving this sharp emission band.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masato Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Mika Sakai
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Naoki Ando
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan
| | - Shigehiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry, Graduate School of Science, and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8602, Japan.,Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM), Nagoya University, Furo, Chikusa, Nagoya, 464-8601, Japan
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7
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Ito M, Sakai M, Ando N, Yamaguchi S. Electron‐Deficient Heteroacenes that Contain Two Boron Atoms: Near‐Infrared Fluorescence Based on a Push–Pull Effect**. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202106642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Masato Ito
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS) Nagoya University, Furo Chikusa Nagoya 464–8602 Japan
| | - Mika Sakai
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS) Nagoya University, Furo Chikusa Nagoya 464–8602 Japan
| | - Naoki Ando
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS) Nagoya University, Furo Chikusa Nagoya 464–8602 Japan
| | - Shigehiro Yamaguchi
- Department of Chemistry Graduate School of Science, and Integrated Research Consortium on Chemical Sciences (IRCCS) Nagoya University, Furo Chikusa Nagoya 464–8602 Japan
- Institute of Transformative Bio-Molecules (WPI-ITbM) Nagoya University, Furo Chikusa Nagoya 464–8601 Japan
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8
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Fan M, Chen G, Xiang Y, Li J, Yu X, Zhang W, Long X, Xu L, Wu J, Xu Z, Zhang Q. Anthrathiadiazole Derivatives: Synthesis, Physical Properties and Two-photon Absorption. Chemistry 2021; 27:10898-10902. [PMID: 33780036 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202100307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Anthrathiadiazole is a key synthon for the construction of large azaacenes, however, the attachment of different substituents onto the skeleton of anthrathiadiazole is difficult but highly desirable because it could be easy to enrich the structures of azaacenes. Here, it is demonstrated that anthrathiadiazole derivatives with -Br, -CN, and -OCH3 groups could be easily constructed through a simple [4+2] cycloaddition reaction between a,a,a',a'-tetrabromo-o-xylenes derivatives and benzo[c][1,2,5]thiadiazole-4,7-dione. The structures of the as-prepared compounds with different substituents were carefully characterized. Moreover, the basic physical properties of the as-prepared anthrathiadiazole derivatives were fully investigated, where the cyano-substituted derivative (BTH-CN) has the highest stability and the methoxy-substituted derivative (BTH-OCH3 ) is easy to be oxidized. Moreover, the two-photon absorption (TPA) characteristics of different anthrathiadiazoles are also studied by using the femtosecond Z-scan technique. The results show that the fused anthrathiadiazole skeletons possess large TPA cross-section values δ2 in the range of 3000-5000 GM, where the nature, position and strength of the substituted groups have strong effect on these values.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingxuan Fan
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Guangsheng Chen
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Yu Xiang
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Junbo Li
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Xianglin Yu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Wenying Zhang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, P. R. China
| | - Xueting Long
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, P. R. China
| | - Liang Xu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Shantou, P. R. China
| | - Jinjun Wu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Key Laboratory for Green Chemical Process of Ministry of Education, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Ze Xu
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan, P. R. China
| | - Qichun Zhang
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hongkong
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9
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Bartkowski K, Pawlicki M. (Aza)Acenes Share the C2 Bridge with (Anti)Aromatic Macrocycles: Local vs. Global Delocalization Paths. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202011848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Bartkowski
- Department of Chemistry University of Wrocław F. Joliot-Curie 14 50383 Wrocław Poland
| | - Miłosz Pawlicki
- Department of Chemistry University of Wrocław F. Joliot-Curie 14 50383 Wrocław Poland
- Faculty of Chemistry Jagiellonian University Gronostajowa 2 30387 Kraków Poland
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10
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Bartkowski K, Pawlicki M. (Aza)Acenes Share the C2 Bridge with (Anti)Aromatic Macrocycles: Local vs. Global Delocalization Paths. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2021; 60:9063-9070. [PMID: 33406296 DOI: 10.1002/anie.202011848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A strong conjugation present in fused systems plays a crucial role in tuning of the properties that would be showing a dependence on the efficiency of π-electrons coupling. The π-cloud available in the final structure can be drastically influenced by a side- or a linear fusion of unsaturated and conjugated hydrocarbons. The linear welding of naphthalene/anthracene or quinoxaline/benzo[g]quinoxaline with triphyrin(2.1.1) gives structures where the competition between local and global delocalization is distinguished. The aromatic character observed in skeletons strongly depends on the oxidation state of the macrocyclic flanking and is either extended over the whole system or kept as a composition of local currents (diatropic and paratropic) of incorporated units. The hybrid systems show the properties derived from the π-conjugations that interlace one another but also show a significant independence of (aza)acene subunits reflected in the observed spectroscopic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Bartkowski
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50383, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Miłosz Pawlicki
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wrocław, F. Joliot-Curie 14, 50383, Wrocław, Poland.,Faculty of Chemistry, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 2, 30387, Kraków, Poland
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11
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Yan Y, Lamport ZA, Kymissis I, Thomas SW. Resistance to Unwanted Photo-Oxidation of Multi-Acene Molecules. J Org Chem 2020; 85:12731-12739. [PMID: 32893633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.0c01890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Although long acenes remain a key class of π-conjugated molecules for numerous applications, photoinduced oxidation upon exposure of the acene to light, often through sensitization of 1O2, is an important reaction requiring mitigation for most applications. In response to this ongoing challenge, this paper presents a series of four new diarylethynyl-substituted long acenes-three tetracenes and one anthradithiophene-in which the arylene pendants are either benzene, naphthalene, or anthracene. UV/vis and fluorescence spectroscopy reveals that the anthracene-substituted derivatives fluoresce poorly (Φ < 0.01). Although all four long acenes react with 1O2 at expected rates when an external photosensitizer is included and show the expected changes in fluorescence to accompany these reactions, the anthracene-substituted derivatives resist direct photoinduced oxidation. Through a combination of mechanistic experiments, we conclude that rapid nonradiative decay of the anthracene-substituted derivatives, perhaps because of inter-arene torsions that emerge in theoretical geometry optimizations, makes these compounds poor photosensitizers for 1O2 or other reactive oxygen species. This discovery opens new design possibilities for extended acene structures with improved photochemical stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Yan
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
| | - Zachary A Lamport
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W. 120th Street, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Ioannis Kymissis
- Department of Electrical Engineering, Columbia University, 500 W. 120th Street, New York, New York 10027, United States
| | - Samuel W Thomas
- Department of Chemistry, Tufts University, 62 Talbot Avenue, Medford, Massachusetts 02155, United States
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12
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Milanez BD, Chagas JCV, Pinheiro Jr M, Aquino AJA, Lischka H, Machado FBC. Effects on the aromaticity and on the biradicaloid nature of acenes by the inclusion of a cyclobutadiene linkage. Theor Chem Acc 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/s00214-020-02624-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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13
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Garcia RC, Pech MJ, Sommer R, Gorman CB. Synthesis of 5,12-Diazapentacenes and Their Properties. J Org Chem 2019; 84:15079-15086. [PMID: 31682120 DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b01628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
An efficient synthesis via a precursor route to a new class of linear dialkyldiaminoazapentacenes is reported. The synthetic route involves the coupling of 4-substituted aniline derivatives to 2,5-dibromoterephthalonitrile via Buchwald-Hartwig amination followed by an acid-mediated cyclization to furnish the diazapentacenes. These reactions occur under short reaction times (<2 h), provide high yields (77-99%), and do not require column chromatography for purification. The electrochemical and optical properties of the diazapentacenes were evaluated, and the values indicate that these molecules are promising n-type materials for organic electronic devices. The photostability of these molecules was significantly greater than unsubstituted acenes. Their method of degradation via endoperoxide generation was confirmed by X-ray crystallography and mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalva C Garcia
- Department of Chemistry , North Carolina State University , Box 8204 , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
| | - Matthew J Pech
- Department of Chemistry , North Carolina State University , Box 8204 , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
| | - Roger Sommer
- Department of Chemistry , North Carolina State University , Box 8204 , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
| | - Christopher B Gorman
- Department of Chemistry , North Carolina State University , Box 8204 , Raleigh , North Carolina 27695 , United States
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14
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Ding F, Xia D, Sun W, Chen W, Yang Y, Lin K, Zhang F, Guo X. Sulfur-Containing Bent N-Heteroacenes. Chemistry 2019; 25:15106-15111. [PMID: 31424117 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201902984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
A series of novel sulfur-containing bent N-heteroacenes were constructed and characterized by NMR and UV/Vis spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and single-crystal X-ray diffraction. By introducing sulfur-containing groups (thio, sulfinyl, and sulfonyl) into bent azaacenes, their electronic delocalization was improved and frontier energy levels were modulated. The target products displayed tunable optical and electronic properties through altering the valence of sulfur and fused length of the azaacenes. For the first time, typical products were utilized as organic field effect transistor materials, affording promising results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangwei Ding
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for, New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Debin Xia
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for, New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Weipeng Sun
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China.,Key Laboratory of OrganosiliconChemistry and Material Technology, of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Wei Chen
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for, New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Yulin Yang
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for, New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Kaifeng Lin
- MIIT Key Laboratory of Critical Materials Technology for, New Energy Conversion and Storage, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, P. R. China
| | - Feibao Zhang
- Key Laboratory of OrganosiliconChemistry and Material Technology, of Ministry of Education, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou, 311121, P. R. China
| | - Xugang Guo
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering and The Shenzhen Key Laboratory for Printed Organic Electronics, Southern University of Science and Technology (SUSTech), No. 1088, Xueyuan Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong, 518055, P. R. China
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15
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Aida Y, Shibata Y, Tanaka K. Facile Synthesis of Dibenzotetracenedione Derivatives by Rhodium-Catalyzed [2+2+2] Cycloaddition/Spontaneous Aromatization. Chem Asian J 2019; 14:1823-1829. [PMID: 30560555 DOI: 10.1002/asia.201801670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
It has been established that a cationic rhodium(I)/SEGPHOS complex catalyzes the [2+2+2] cycloaddition of biphenyl-linked 1,7-diynes with 1,4-naphthoquinone and anthracene-1,4-dione. Conveniently, spontaneous aromatization proceeded upon removal of the rhodium complex by passing the reaction mixture through an alumina column, to give the corresponding dibenzotetracenediones and dibenzopentacenediones, respectively, in good yields. The obtained dibenzotetracenedione could be readily transformed into the corresponding dibenzotetracene in good yield. This dibenzotetracene showed blue fluorescence with a good quantum yield, which was significantly higher than those of tetracene, tetrabenzotetracene, and hexabenzotetracene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukimasa Aida
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Yu Shibata
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- Department of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tokyo Institute of Technology, O-okayama, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 152-8550, Japan
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16
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Chen Y, Kueh H, Gopalakrishna TY, Dong S, Han Y, Chi C. Sulfur-Containing, Quinodimethane-Embedded Acene Analogue with Nine Consecutively Fused Six-Membered Rings. Org Lett 2019; 21:3127-3130. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00805] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Chen
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Huilin Kueh
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | | | - Shaoqiang Dong
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Yi Han
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
| | - Chunyan Chi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, Singapore 117543
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17
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Photochemistry of various acene based molecules. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C-PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2018.12.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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18
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Jancarik A, Levet G, Gourdon A. A Practical General Method for the Preparation of Long Acenes. Chemistry 2019; 25:2366-2374. [PMID: 30508267 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The field of long acenes, the narrowest of the zig-zag graphene nanoribbons, has been an area of significant interest in the past decade because of its potential applications in organic electronics, spintronics and plasmonics. However the low solubility and high reactivity of these compounds has so far hindered their preparation on large scales. We report here a concise strategy for the synthesis of higher acenes through Diels-Alder condensation of arynes with a protected tetraene ketone. After deprotection by cleavage of the ketal, the obtained monoketone precursors cleanly yield the corresponding acenes through quantitative cheletropic thermal decarbonylation in the solid state, at moderate temperatures of 155 to 205 °C. This approach allows the preparation of heptacene, benzo[a]hexacene, cis- and trans-dibenzopentacene and offers a valuable new method for the synthesis of even larger acenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrej Jancarik
- CEMES-CNR, 29 Rue J. Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France.,Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry of the, Czech Academy of Sciences, 16610, Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Gaspard Levet
- CEMES-CNRS, 29 Rue J. Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France
| | - André Gourdon
- CEMES-CNRS, 29 Rue J. Marvig, 31055, Toulouse, France
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19
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Yang W, Monteiro JHSK, de Bettencourt‐Dias A, Catalano VJ, Chalifoux WA. Synthesis, Structure, Photophysical Properties, and Photostability of Benzodipyrenes. Chemistry 2018; 25:1441-1445. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201805248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Wenlong Yang
- Department of Chemistry University of Nevada, Reno 1664 N. Virginia St. Reno NV 89557 USA
| | | | | | - Vincent J. Catalano
- Department of Chemistry University of Nevada, Reno 1664 N. Virginia St. Reno NV 89557 USA
| | - Wesley A. Chalifoux
- Department of Chemistry University of Nevada, Reno 1664 N. Virginia St. Reno NV 89557 USA
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20
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Pinheiro M, Das A, Aquino AJA, Lischka H, Machado FBC. Interplay between Aromaticity and Radicaloid Character in Nitrogen-Doped Oligoacenes Revealed by High-Level Multireference Methods. J Phys Chem A 2018; 122:9464-9473. [PMID: 30427678 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b09046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Aromaticity is a multivariable concept in organic chemistry that plays a central role for understanding the structure, stability, and reactivity of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs). Several types of PAHs are characterized as singlet biradicaloid species and their chemical stability is intimately linked to the degree of aromatic character. In this study, theoretically designed routes to tune the biradical character (and thereby its chemical stability) of nitrogen-substituted octacenes have been investigated on the basis of the high-level multireference averaged quadratic coupled-cluster MR-AQCC method necessary for the appropriate description of polyradicaloid systems. The influence of nitrogen centers on the aromaticity of octacene is probed through structural (HOMA) and electron localization (ELF) indices by comparing the N- against NH-doping cases. These analyses reveal that the aromaticity and biradical character of octacene is only slightly affected by replacing one pair of CH groups with N atoms, i.e., by N-doping. However, a significant aromatic stabilization can be obtained when NH-doping is applied at the inner octacene rings; this is also accompanied by an overall decrease of the open-shell character, as evidenced by the gradual quenching of the unpaired electrons and increase in the singlet-triplet splittings when the NH doping groups are moved toward the center of the octacene molecule. Our findings aid in the rational design of new PAH compounds with balanced biradicaloid character and chemical stability which is important, e.g., for practical applications in organic solar cells based on the singlet-fission mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Pinheiro
- Departamento de Química , Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica , São José dos Campos , 12228-900 São Paulo , Brazil
| | - Anita Das
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , P.R. China
| | - Adelia J A Aquino
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , P.R. China.,Institute for Soil Research , University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences Vienna , Peter-Jordan-Strasse 82 , A-1190 Vienna , Austria.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Texas Tech University , Lubbock , Texas 79409-1061 , United States
| | - Hans Lischka
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology , Tianjin University , Tianjin 300072 , P.R. China.,Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry , Texas Tech University , Lubbock , Texas 79409-1061 , United States.,Institute for Theoretical Chemistry , University of Vienna , A-1090 Vienna , Austria
| | - Francisco B C Machado
- Departamento de Química , Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica , São José dos Campos , 12228-900 São Paulo , Brazil
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21
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Zuzak R, Dorel R, Kolmer M, Szymonski M, Godlewski S, Echavarren AM. Higher Acenes by On‐Surface Dehydrogenation: From Heptacene to Undecacene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.201802040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Zuzak
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAMFaculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer ScienceJagiellonian University Łojasiewicza 11 30-348 Kraków Poland
| | - Ruth Dorel
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
| | - Marek Kolmer
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAMFaculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer ScienceJagiellonian University Łojasiewicza 11 30-348 Kraków Poland
| | - Marek Szymonski
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAMFaculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer ScienceJagiellonian University Łojasiewicza 11 30-348 Kraków Poland
| | - Szymon Godlewski
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAMFaculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer ScienceJagiellonian University Łojasiewicza 11 30-348 Kraków Poland
| | - Antonio M. Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology Av. Països Catalans 16 43007 Tarragona Spain
- Departament de Química Orgànica i AnalíticaUniversitat Rovira i Virgil C/Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n 43007 Tarragona Spain
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22
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Zuzak R, Dorel R, Kolmer M, Szymonski M, Godlewski S, Echavarren AM. Higher Acenes by On-Surface Dehydrogenation: From Heptacene to Undecacene. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2018; 57:10500-10505. [PMID: 29791082 PMCID: PMC6099251 DOI: 10.1002/anie.201802040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
A unified approach to the synthesis of the series of higher acenes up to previously unreported undecacene has been developed through the on-surface dehydrogenation of partially saturated precursors. These molecules could be converted into the parent acenes by both atomic manipulation with the tip of a scanning tunneling and atomic force microscope (STM/AFM) as well as by on-surface annealing. The structure of the generated acenes has been visualized by high-resolution non-contact AFM imaging and the evolution of the transport gap with the increase of the number of fused benzene rings has been determined on the basis of scanning tunneling spectroscopy (STS) measurements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Zuzak
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Ruth Dorel
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Marek Kolmer
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Marek Szymonski
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Szymon Godlewski
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy, and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University, Łojasiewicza 11, 30-348, Kraków, Poland
| | - Antonio M Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Av. Països Catalans 16, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Orgànica i Analítica, Universitat Rovira i Virgil, C/Marcel⋅lí Domingo s/n, 43007, Tarragona, Spain
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23
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Li J, Shen Y, Wan J, Yu X, Zhang Q. Recent Progress in the Usage of Phenazinediamine and Its Analogues as Building Blocks to Construct Large N
-Heteroacenes. European J Org Chem 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/ejoc.201800478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Junbo Li
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Wuhan Institute of Technology; 430074 Wuhan China
| | - Yuqiang Shen
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Wuhan Institute of Technology; 430074 Wuhan China
| | - Jiaqi Wan
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Wuhan Institute of Technology; 430074 Wuhan China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy; Wuhan Institute of Technology; 430074 Wuhan China
| | - Xianglin Yu
- School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering; Wuhan Institute of Technology; 430074 Wuhan China
- School of Chemical Engineering and Pharmacy; Wuhan Institute of Technology; 430074 Wuhan China
| | - Qichun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering; Nanyang Technological University; 639798 Singapore Singapore
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry; School of Physical and Mathematics Science; Nanyang Technological University (Singapore); 637371 Singapore
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24
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Dibble DJ, Kurakake R, Wardrip AG, Bartlett A, Lopez R, Linares JA, Firstman M, Schmidt AM, Umerani MJ, Gorodetsky AA. Aza-Diels–Alder Approach to Diquinolineanthracene and Polydiquinolineanthracene Derivatives. Org Lett 2018; 20:502-505. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.7b02970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David J. Dibble
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Reina Kurakake
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | | | - Andrew Bartlett
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Robert Lopez
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Jose Armando Linares
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Marcus Firstman
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Alexander M. Schmidt
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Mehran J. Umerani
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
| | - Alon A. Gorodetsky
- Department
of Chemical Engineering and Materials Science and ‡Department of Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, California 92697, United States
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25
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Zhylitskaya H, Stępień M. Carbocyclization approaches to electron-deficient nanographenes and their analogues. Org Chem Front 2018. [DOI: 10.1039/c8qo00423d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Versatile π-aromatic building blocks and selective coupling transformations enable rapid assembly of complex electron-deficient molecules, useful as n-type organic semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Marcin Stępień
- Wydział Chemii
- Uniwersytet Wrocławski ul. F. Joliot-Curie 14
- Poland
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26
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Pyridine-ring containing twisttetraazaacene: Synthesis, physical properties, crystal structure and picric acid sensing. Talanta 2017; 174:462-467. [PMID: 28738609 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2017.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 06/10/2017] [Accepted: 06/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Novel pyridine-ring containing twisttetraazaacene 9,14-diphenylpyreno[4,5-g]isoquinoline (1) and its full-carbon derivative 9,14-diphenyldibenzo[de,qr]tetracene (2) have been synthesized and fully characterized. Studies showed that compound 1 could identify picric acid (PA) over other common nitro compounds with high selectivity and sensitivity. Upon the addition of PA, the emission peak of compound 1 in CH3CN was red shifted from 447 to 555nm with a fluorescence quenching efficiency as high as 95%, the detection limit was calculated to be 2.42μM, while its full-carbon derivative (2) could not exhibit this kind of performance. The possible mechanism with the enhanced PA detection efficiency in pyridine-ring containing twisttetraazaacene (1) than its full-carbon derivative (2) was also investigated.
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27
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Zuzak R, Dorel R, Krawiec M, Such B, Kolmer M, Szymonski M, Echavarren AM, Godlewski S. Nonacene Generated by On-Surface Dehydrogenation. ACS NANO 2017; 11:9321-9329. [PMID: 28817255 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b04728] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The on-surface synthesis of nonacene has been accomplished by dehydrogenation of an air-stable partially saturated precursor, which could be aromatized by using a combined scanning tunneling and atomic force microscope as well as by on-surface annealing. This transformation allowed the in-detail analysis of the electronic properties of nonacene molecules physisorbed on Au(111) by scanning tunneling spectroscopy measurements. The spatial mapping of molecular orbitals was corroborated by density functional theory calculations. Furthermore, the thermally induced dehydrogenation uncovered the isomerization of intermediate dihydrononacene species, which allowed for their in-depth structural and electronic characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafal Zuzak
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University , Łojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Ruth Dorel
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Avenida Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Mariusz Krawiec
- Institute of Physics, Maria Curie-Sklodowska University , Pl. M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 1, 20-031 Lublin, Poland
| | - Bartosz Such
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University , Łojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek Kolmer
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University , Łojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Marek Szymonski
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University , Łojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348 Krakow, Poland
| | - Antonio M Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ), Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology , Avenida Països Catalans 16, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
- Departament de Química Orgànica i Analítica, Universitat Rovira i Virgili , C/Marcel·lí Domingo s/n, 43007 Tarragona, Spain
| | - Szymon Godlewski
- Centre for Nanometer-Scale Science and Advanced Materials, NANOSAM, Faculty of Physics, Astronomy and Applied Computer Science, Jagiellonian University , Łojasiewicza 11, PL 30-348 Krakow, Poland
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28
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Shi X, Gopalakrishna TY, Wang Q, Chi C. Non-classical S-Heteroacenes with o-Quinoidal Conjugation and Open-Shell Diradical Character. Chemistry 2017; 23:8525-8531. [PMID: 28463402 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201701813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
A series of non-classical S-heteroacenes were synthesized and exhibited intriguing physical properties and chemical reactivities that are very different from classical acenes. X-ray crystallographic analyses revealed that all acenothiophene derivatives Ph-AT-1-Ph-AT-3 had an o-quinoidal π-conjugation with large bond-length alternation, whereas the acenodithiophene derivative Ph-ADT-3 easily dimerized or reacted with oxygen to form a peroxy-bridged dimer. The long acenothiophene Ph-AT-4 was also highly reactive. The origin of these unique properties was investigated carefully by both experiments and theoretical calculations. The high reactivity of the long non-classical S-heteroacenes can be explained by their intrinsic open-shell diradical character as well as the o-quinoidal conjugation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xueliang Shi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tullimilli Y Gopalakrishna
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Chunyan Chi
- Department of Chemistry, National University of Singapore, 3 Science Drive 3, 117543, Singapore, Singapore
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29
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Sbargoud K, Mamada M, Jousselin-Oba T, Takeda Y, Tokito S, Yassar A, Marrot J, Frigoli M. Low Bandgap Bistetracene-Based Organic Semiconductors Exhibiting Air Stability, High Aromaticity and Mobility. Chemistry 2017; 23:5076-5080. [PMID: 28230283 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201605906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The benchmark of soluble organic semiconductors based on acenes is the 6,13-bis(triisopropylsilylethynyl)pentacene (TIPS-PEN). However TIPS-PEN still suffers from photoinduced oxidation due to its low degree of aromaticity. Increasing the aromaticity while keeping similar optical and electrochemical properties as well as a shape suitable for good hole transport can be achieved with two-dimensional polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (2D-PAHs). Herein, we present an efficient synthesis and characterization of bistetracene derivatives that exhibit a band gap up to 1.71 eV and an increased stability up to 21 times compared to TIPS-PEN and mobility over 0.1 cm2 V-1 s-1 in solution-processed organic field-effect transistors. Based on simple structural consideration, the high stability is attributed to the aromaticity of the bistetracene which is comparable to an anthrancene along each tetracene. According to Clar's sextet rule, the bistetracene should be best regarded as two anthracenes fused at the face bridged by two ethylenic spacers. The synthesis path paves the way towards the preparation of ambipolar and/or longer 2D-PAHs such as bispentacenes and could give rise to organic semiconductors with interesting properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamal Sbargoud
- UMR CNRS 8180, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, France
| | - Masashi Mamada
- Center for Organic Photonics and Electronics Research, Kyushu University, Japan
| | - Tanguy Jousselin-Oba
- UMR CNRS 8180, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, France
| | - Yasunori Takeda
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Japan
| | - Shizuo Tokito
- Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Yamagata University, Japan
| | - Abderrahim Yassar
- UMR CNRS 7647, LPICM-École Polytechnique, Université Paris-Saclay, France
| | - Jérôme Marrot
- UMR CNRS 8180, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, France
| | - Michel Frigoli
- UMR CNRS 8180, Institut Lavoisier de Versailles, UVSQ, Université Paris-Saclay, France
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30
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Abstract
The outstanding performance of pentacene-based molecules in molecular electronics, as well as the predicted enhanced semiconducting properties of extended acenes, have stimulated the development of new synthetic methods and functionalization strategies for the preparation of stable and soluble acenes larger than tetracene with the aim of obtaining improved functional materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Dorel
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyAv. Països Catalans 1643007TarragonaSpain
| | - Antonio M. Echavarren
- Institute of Chemical Research of Catalonia (ICIQ)Barcelona Institute of Science and TechnologyAv. Països Catalans 1643007TarragonaSpain
- Departament de Química Orgànica i AnalíticaUniversitat Rovira i VirgiliC/ Marcel43007TarragonaSpain
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31
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Pinheiro M, Ferrão LFA, Bettanin F, Aquino AJA, Machado FBC, Lischka H. How to efficiently tune the biradicaloid nature of acenes by chemical doping with boron and nitrogen. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2017; 19:19225-19233. [DOI: 10.1039/c7cp03198j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Strong modulation of the biradical character of acenes with dopant positions is demonstrated by tracking the unpaired electron densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Pinheiro
- Departamento de Química
- Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica
- São José dos Campos
- São Paulo
- Brazil
| | - Luiz F. A. Ferrão
- Departamento de Química
- Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica
- São José dos Campos
- São Paulo
- Brazil
| | - Fernanda Bettanin
- Departamento de Química
- Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica
- São José dos Campos
- São Paulo
- Brazil
| | - Adélia J. A. Aquino
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
| | - Francisco B. C. Machado
- Departamento de Química
- Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica
- São José dos Campos
- São Paulo
- Brazil
| | - Hans Lischka
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technology
- Tianjin University
- Tianjin
- P. R. China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry
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Gu PY, Wang Z, Zhang Q. Azaacenes as active elements for sensing and bio applications. J Mater Chem B 2016; 4:7060-7074. [DOI: 10.1039/c6tb02052f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 119] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent progress in the application of azaacenes in sensing and bio-fields has been summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yang Gu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
| | - Zilong Wang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
| | - Qichun Zhang
- School of Materials Science and Engineering
- Nanyang Technological University
- Singapore 639798
- Singapore
- Division of Chemistry and Biological Chemistry
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