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Gómez de Segura D, Corral-Zorzano A, Alcolea E, Moreno MT, Lalinde E. Phenylbenzothiazole-Based Platinum(II) and Diplatinum(II) and (III) Complexes with Pyrazolate Groups: Optical Properties and Photocatalysis. Inorg Chem 2024; 63:1589-1606. [PMID: 38247362 PMCID: PMC10806813 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.3c03532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Based on 2-phenylbenzothiazole (pbt) and 2-(4-dimethylaminophenyl)benzothiazole (Me2N-pbt), mononuclear [Pt(pbt)(R'2-pzH)2]PF6 (R'2-pzH = pzH 1a, 3,5-Me2pzH 1b, 3,5-iPr2pzH 1c) and diplatinum (PtII-PtII) [Pt(pbt)(μ-R'2pz)]2 (R'2-pz = pz 2a, 3,5-Me2pz 2b, 3,5-iPr2pz 2c) and [Pt(Me2N-pbt)(μ-pz)]2 (3a) complexes have been prepared. In the presence of sunlight, 2a and 3a evolve, in CHCl3 solution, to form the PtIII-PtIII complexes [Pt(R-pbt)(μ-pz)Cl]2 (R = H 4a, NMe2 5a). Experimental and computational studies reveal the negligible influence of the pyrazole or pyrazolate ligands on the optical properties of 1a-c and 2a,b, which exhibit a typical 3IL/3MLCT emission, whereas in 2c the emission has some 3MMLCT contribution. 3a displays unusual dual, fluorescence (1ILCT or 1MLCT/1LC), and phosphorescence (3ILCT) emissions depending on the excitation wavelength. The phosphorescence is lost in aerated solutions due to sensitization of 3O2 and formation of 1O2, whose determined quantum yield is also wavelength dependent. The phosphorescence can be reversibly photoinduced (365 nm, ∼ 15 min) in oxygenated THF and DMSO solutions. In 4a and 5a, the lowest electronic transitions (S1-S3) have mixed characters (LMMCT/LXCT/L'XCT 4a and LMMCT/LXCT/ILCT 5a) and they are weakly emissive in rigid media. The 1O2 generation property of complex 3a is successfully used for the photooxidation of p-bromothioanisol showing its potential application toward photocatalysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gómez de Segura
- Departamento de Química, Instituto
de Investigación en Química (IQUR), Complejo Científico
Tecnológico, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, Logroño 26006, Spain
| | - Andrea Corral-Zorzano
- Departamento de Química, Instituto
de Investigación en Química (IQUR), Complejo Científico
Tecnológico, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, Logroño 26006, Spain
| | - Eduardo Alcolea
- Departamento de Química, Instituto
de Investigación en Química (IQUR), Complejo Científico
Tecnológico, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, Logroño 26006, Spain
| | - M. Teresa Moreno
- Departamento de Química, Instituto
de Investigación en Química (IQUR), Complejo Científico
Tecnológico, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, Logroño 26006, Spain
| | - Elena Lalinde
- Departamento de Química, Instituto
de Investigación en Química (IQUR), Complejo Científico
Tecnológico, Universidad de La Rioja, Madre de Dios 53, Logroño 26006, Spain
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Gómez de Segura D, Giménez N, Rincón-Montón D, Moreno MT, Pichel JG, López IP, Lalinde E. A new family of luminescent [Pt(pbt) 2(C 6F 5)L] n+ ( n = 1, 0) complexes: synthesis, optical and cytotoxic studies. Dalton Trans 2023; 52:12390-12403. [PMID: 37594064 DOI: 10.1039/d3dt01759a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Given the widely recognized bioactivity of 2-arylbenzothiazoles against tumor cells, we have designed a new family of luminescent heteroleptic pentafluorophenyl-bis(2-phenylbenzothiazolyl) PtIV derivatives, fac-[Pt(pbt)2(C6F5)L]n+ (n = 1, 0) [L = 4-Mepy 1, 4-pyridylbenzothiazole (pybt) 2, 4,4'-bipyridine (4,4'-bpy) 3, 1,2-bis-(4-pyridyl)ethylene (bpe) 4 (E/Z ratio: 90/10), 1,4-bis-(pyridyl)butadiyne (bpyb) 5, trifluoroacetate (-OCOCF3) 6] and a dinuclear complex [{Pt(pbt)2(C6F5)}2(μ-bpyb)](PF6)27, in which the trans ligand to the metalated C-(pbt) was varied to modify the optical properties and lipophilicity. Their photophysical properties were systematically studied through experimental and theoretical investigations, which were strongly dependent on the identity of the N-bonded ligand. Thus, complexes 1, 3 and 6 display, in different media, emission from the triplet excited states of primarily intraligand 3ILCT nature localized on the pbt ligand, while the emissions of 2, 5 and 7 were ascribed to a mixture of close 3IL'(N donor)/3ILCT(pbt) excited states, as supported by lifetime measurements and theoretical calculations. Irradiation of the initial E/Z mixture of 4 (15 min) led to a steady state composed of roughly 1 : 1.15 (E : Z) and this complex was not emissive at room temperature due to an enhanced intramolecular E to Z isomerization process of the 1,2-bis-(4-pyridyl)ethylene ligand. Complexes 1-3 and 6 showed excellent quantum yields for the generation of singlet oxygen in aerated MeCN solution with the values of ϕ(1O2) ranging from 0.66 to 0.86 using phenalenone as a reference. Cationic complexes 1-3 exhibited remarkable efficacy in the nanomolar range against A549 (lung carcinoma) and HeLa (cervix carcinoma) cell lines with notable selectivity relative to the non-tumorigenic BEAS-2B (bronchial epithelium) cells. In the A549 cell line, the neutral complex 6 showed low cytotoxicity (IC50: 29.40 μM) and high photocytotoxicity (IC50: 5.75) when cells were irradiated with blue light for 15 min. These complexes do not show evidence of DNA interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gómez de Segura
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
| | - Nora Giménez
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
| | - David Rincón-Montón
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
| | - M Teresa Moreno
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
| | - José G Pichel
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Diseases Unit (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
- Spanish Biomedical Research Networking Centre in Respiratory Diseases (CIBERES), ISCIII, E-28029, Madrid, Spain
| | - Icíar P López
- Lung Cancer and Respiratory Diseases Unit (CIBIR), Fundación Rioja Salud, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
| | - Elena Lalinde
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
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Gong E, Liu L, Deng X, Chen X, Zhong D, Su B, Yang I, Zhou G, Jiao B. Ir(III) phosphorescent complexes with the ligands attaching pyridyl group to 4-position of dibenzo[b,d]thiophene-S,S-dioxide/dibenzo[b,d]thiophene unit and their efficient solution-processed OLEDs. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Liu T, Chen YN, Tan DX, Han FS. The 2,4-diarylquinoline-based Platinum(II) complexes: Synthesis, photophysical and electrochemical properties, and application in detection of hypochlorite. J Organomet Chem 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2022.122453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Qu W, Wang G, Gao Z, Miao Y, Jiang J, Tao P, Pang Y, Wei B. New pyridylimidazole-based near-infrared iridophosphors: Synthesis, photophysical properties, and electroluminescence application. Tetrahedron 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2022.132938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Gómez de Segura D, Lara R, Martínez-Junquera M, Lalinde E, Moreno MT. Luminescent 2-phenylbenzothiazole cyclometalated Pt II and Ir III complexes with chelating P^O ligands. Dalton Trans 2021; 51:274-285. [PMID: 34889913 DOI: 10.1039/d1dt03531b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Two series of cyclometalated PtII and IrIII complexes with general formulas [Pt(pbt){PPh2(R)-κP,O}] (2a-2c) and [Ir(pbt)2{PPh2(R)-κP,O}] (3a-3c), where Hpbt is 2-phenylbenzothiazol and PPh2(R) is a diphenylphosphino donor functionalized deprotonated acid (R = o-C6H4CO2a, o-C6H4SO3b, CH2CH2CO2c) are presented. The structures of 1, 2a-2c, 3a and 3b were confirmed by single X-ray diffraction analyses, and the intermolecular interactions in 2a were studied using Hirshfeld surface analysis and non-covalent interaction (NCI) methods on its X-ray structure. Their photophysical properties were investigated by absorption and emission analyses [CH2Cl2, solid (298, 77 K) and doped polystyrene (PS) films], supported by TD-DFT calculations on 1, 2a-2c and 3a. The PtII complexes exhibit bright phosphorescence in the region 525-542 nm, ascribed to a mixed 3IL/3MLCT excited state with a predominant 3IL contribution. The IrIII derivatives (3a-3c) show orange photoluminescence (535-584 nm, 298 K), blue shifted at 77 K (527-560 nm), originated from the admixture of 3IL/3MLCT/3LLCT excited states. Interestingly, the photoluminescence quantum yields of the Pt complexes 2a-2c (ϕ = 46.5-66.5%) in PS films are remarkably higher than those of the corresponding iridium complexes (ϕ = 17.3-32%) and the precursor 1 (ϕ = 17%). The calculated 3MC-3IL/3MLCT energy gap for 2a and 3a accounts for the higher quantum yield of the Pt in relation to the Ir complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Gómez de Segura
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja, (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
| | - Rebeca Lara
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja, (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
| | - Mónica Martínez-Junquera
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja, (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
| | - Elena Lalinde
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja, (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
| | - M Teresa Moreno
- Departamento de Química-Centro de Síntesis Química de La Rioja, (CISQ), Universidad de La Rioja, 26006, Logroño, Spain.
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Altinolcek N, Battal A, Tavasli M, Cameron J, Peveler WJ, Yu HA, Skabara PJ, Fairbairn NJ, Hedley GJ. A red-orange carbazole-based iridium(III) complex: Synthesis, thermal, optical and electrochemical properties and OLED application. J Organomet Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jorganchem.2021.122004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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Stipurin S, Strassner T. C^C* Platinum(II) Complexes with Electron-Withdrawing Groups and Beneficial Auxiliary Ligands: Efficient Blue Phosphorescent Emission. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:11200-11205. [PMID: 34242510 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c01172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The combination of strong electron-withdrawing groups in cyclometalated N-heterocyclic carbene ligands (C^C*) with known beneficial auxiliary ligands in phosphorescent platinum(II) complexes leads to efficient light-to-deep-blue emission with quantum yields of up to 92%. All compounds were characterized and investigated regarding their photophysical, electrochemical, and thermal properties, and three complexes could additionally be characterized by solid-state structures. Density functional theory calculations (PBE0/6-311G* with dispersion correction) are reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sergej Stipurin
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
| | - Thomas Strassner
- Physikalische Organische Chemie, Technische Universität Dresden, 01069 Dresden, Germany
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Boyaala R, Peng M, Tai WS, Touzani R, Roisnel T, Dorcet V, Chi Y, Guerchais V, Doucet H, Soulé JF. Exploiting the Reactivity of Fluorinated 2-Arylpyridines in Pd-Catalyzed C–H Bond Arylation for the Preparation of Bright Emitting Iridium(III) Complexes. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:13898-13911. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rabab Boyaala
- Univ Rennes, CNRS UMR6226, F-3500 Rennes, France
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée et Environnement (LCAE), Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohamed Premier, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
| | - Marie Peng
- Univ Rennes, CNRS UMR6226, F-3500 Rennes, France
| | - Wun-Shan Tai
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Rachid Touzani
- Laboratoire de Chimie Appliquée et Environnement (LCAE), Faculté des Sciences, Université Mohamed Premier, 60000 Oujda, Morocco
| | | | | | - Yun Chi
- Department of Chemistry, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu 30013, Taiwan
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon Tong, Hong Kong SAR
| | | | - Henri Doucet
- Univ Rennes, CNRS UMR6226, F-3500 Rennes, France
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Feng Z, Yu Y, Yang X, Wu Y, Zhou G, Wu Z. Unsymmetric Heteroleptic Ir(III) Complexes with 2-Phenylquinoline and Coumarin-Based Ligand Isomers for Tuning Character of Triplet Excited States and Achieving High Electroluminescent Efficiencies. Inorg Chem 2020; 59:12362-12374. [PMID: 32799532 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c01443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
2-Phenylquinoline (PQ) and four coumarin-based ligand isomers with ease of synthesis have been selected to construct the unsymmetric heteroleptic [Ir(C1∧N)(C2∧N)(acac)]-type complex phosphors for organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs). Six unsymmetric heteroleptic Ir(III) complexes have been obtained by employing four coumarin-based ligand isomers (L-C5/L-C6/L-C7/L-C8) in the [Ir(PQ)(C∧N)(acac)] structure due to two different coordinating carbon atoms in ligands L-C6 and L-C7 to form C-Ir bond. Through adopting unsymmetric heteroleptic [Ir(C1∧N)(C2∧N)(acac)] structure, these Ir(III) complexes can not only achieve impressive absolute quantum yield Φp (ca. 0.5-1.0), higher than that of complex [Ir(PQ)2(acac)] (ca. 0.4), but also realize a dual modulation of both emission color from orange (AIrC6out, λ = 578 nm) to red (AIrC5, λ = 622 nm) and the character of the lowest triplet excited states (T1), showing both 3MLCT character and 3ILCT (intraligand charge transfer) character in their T1 states. AIrC5, AIrC7out, and AIrC7in show MLCT character from Ir(III) center to ligand L-C5 or L-C7 and ILCT character in ligand L-C5 or L-C7 in their T1 states, while AIrC6out, AIrC6in, and AIrC8 show MLCT character from Ir(III) center to ligand PQ and ILCT character in ligand PQ in their T1 states. Moreover, the color-tuning mechanism and the lowest triplet state characters are investigated in detail. AIrC6in and AIrC8 were selected as emitters to evaluate the electroluminescent (EL) performance due to their high ΦP of nearly up to unity. Optimal orange-emitting device B2 based on AIrC8 can give a maximum external quantum efficiency (ηext) of 23.9%, a maximum current efficiency (ηL) of 70.9 cd A-1, and a maximum power efficiency (ηP) of 60.7 lm W-1. All these impressive results can definitely demonstrate the effectiveness of our simple approach for tuning character of the triplet excited states and achieving high-performance Ir-based phosphors in OLEDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhao Feng
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Yue Yu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.,School of Physics and Optoelectronic Engineering, Xidian University, Xi'an 710071, PR China
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Yong Wu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Guijiang Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter, School of Chemistry, State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China
| | - Zhaoxin Wu
- Key Laboratory of Photonics Technology for Information, School of Electronic and Information Engineering, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an 710049, PR China.,Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, PR China
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11
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Recent progress in phosphorescent Ir(III) complexes for nondoped organic light-emitting diodes. Coord Chem Rev 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ccr.2020.213283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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12
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Zhang Y, Chen X, Song D, Zhong D, Yang X, Sun Y, Liu B, Zhou G, Wu Z. Unsymmetric 2-phenylpyridine (ppy)-type cyclometalated Ir( iii) complexes bearing both 5,9-dioxa-13 b-boranaphtho[3,2,1- de]anthracene and phenylsulfonyl groups for tuning optoelectronic properties and electroluminescence abilities. Inorg Chem Front 2020. [DOI: 10.1039/c9qi01388a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Unsymmetric Ir(iii) complexes with 5,9-dioxa-13b-boranaphtho[3,2,1-de]anthracene and phenylsulfonyl groups showing high EL efficiencies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yindi Zhang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Xi Chen
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Dongdong Song
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Daokun Zhong
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Xiaolong Yang
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Yuanhui Sun
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Boao Liu
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Guijiang Zhou
- MOE Key Laboratory for Nonequilibrium Synthesis and Modulation of Condensed Matter
- State Key Laboratory for Mechanical Behavior of Materials
- Department of Chemistry
- School of Science
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
| | - Zhaoxin Wu
- Key Laboratory for Physical Electronics and Devices of the Ministry of Education
- Faculty of Electronic and Information Engineering
- Xi'an Jiaotong University
- Xi'an 710049
- P. R. China
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