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Turk OK, Zoungrana A, Cakmakci M. Performances of PTFE and PVDF membranes in achieving the discharge limit of mixed anodic oxidation coating wastewaters treated by membrane distillation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2024; 31:39663-39677. [PMID: 38831146 PMCID: PMC11186931 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-024-33830-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/05/2024]
Abstract
The mixed wastewater generated by anodic oxidation coating facilities contains high levels of various contaminants, including iron, aluminum, conductivity, chemical oxygen demand (COD), and sulfate. In this study, the effectiveness of the membrane distillation (MD) process using polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE) and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) membranes was investigated to treat mixed wastewater from an anodized coating factory. The results indicate that both hydrophobic membranes effectively removed targeted contaminants. However, the PTFE membrane achieved higher removal efficiencies, with over 99% removal of sulfate, conductivity, iron, and aluminum, 85.7% of COD, and 86% of total organic carbon (TOC). In contrast, the PVDF membrane exhibited a significant decline in removal efficiency as the temperature increased and performed well only at lower feed temperatures. The PTFE membranes outperformed the PVDF membranes in treating chemically intensive anodic oxidation wastewaters. This superiority can be attributed to the PTFE membrane's morphology and structure, which are less influenced by feed water temperature and chemicals. Additionally, its slippery surface imparts anti-adhesion properties, effectively preventing membrane fouling, and maintaining the treated water quality and flux for longer operation time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oruc Kaan Turk
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, 1,Davutpasa Campus 34210 Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Ali Zoungrana
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, 1,Davutpasa Campus 34210 Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mehmet Cakmakci
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, 1,Davutpasa Campus 34210 Esenler, Istanbul, Turkey
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Bahadi SA, Drmosh QA, Onaizi SA. Adsorptive removal of organic pollutants from aqueous solutions using novel GO/bentonite/MgFeAl-LTH nanocomposite. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2024; 248:118218. [PMID: 38266892 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2024.118218] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The contamination of water with organic pollutants such as dyes and phenols is a serious environmental problem, requiring effective treatment methods. In the present study, a novel nanocomposite was synthesized by intercalating graphene oxide and bentonite clay into MgFeAl-layered triple hydroxide (GO/BENT/LTH), which was characterized using different techniques. The adsorption efficacy of the GO/BENT/LTH nanocomposite was assessed via the removal of two harmful organic water pollutants, namely methyl orange (MO) and 2-nitrophenol (2NP). The obtained results revealed that the maximum adsorption capacities (qmax) of MO and 2NP reached 3106.3 and 2063.5 mg/g, respectively, demonstrating the excellent adsorption performance of the nanocomposite. Furthermore, this study examined the effects of contact time, initial MO and 2NP concentrations, pH, and temperature of the wastewater samples on the adsorptive removal of MO and 2NP by the GO/BENT/LTH nanocomposite. The pH, zeta potential, and FTIR investigations suggested the presence of more than one adsorption mechanism. Thermodynamic investigations elucidated the exothermic nature of the adsorption of MO and 2NP onto the GO/BENT/LTH nanocomposite, with MO adsorption being more sensitive to temperature change. Additionally, regeneration studies revealed a marginal loss in the MO and 2NP removal with the repetitive use of the GO/BENT/LTH nanocomposite, demonstrating its reusability. Overall, the findings of this study reveal the promise of the GO/BENT/LTH nanocomposite for effective water decontamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Salem A Bahadi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31216, Saudi Arabia
| | - Q A Drmosh
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31261, Saudi Arabia; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31216, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sagheer A Onaizi
- Department of Chemical Engineering, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31216, Saudi Arabia; Interdisciplinary Research Center for Hydrogen and Energy Storage, King Fahd University of Petroleum and Minerals, Dhahran 31216, Saudi Arabia.
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Mohanadas D, Nordin PMI, Rohani R, Dzulkharnien NSF, Mohammad AW, Mohamed Abdul P, Abu Bakar S. A Comparison between Various Polymeric Membranes for Oily Wastewater Treatment via Membrane Distillation Process. MEMBRANES 2022; 13:46. [PMID: 36676853 PMCID: PMC9864798 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13010046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Oily wastewater (OW) is detrimental towards the environment and human health. The complex composition of OW needs an advanced treatment, such as membrane technology. Membrane distillation (MD) gives the highest rejection percentage of pollutants in wastewater, as the membrane only allows the vapor to pass its microporous membrane. However, the commercial membranes on the market are less efficient in treating OW, as they are prone to fouling. Thus, the best membrane must be identified to treat OW effectively. This study tested and compared the separation performance of different membranes, comparing the pressure-driven performance between the membrane filtration and MD. In this study, several ultrafiltration (UF) and nanofiltration (NF) membranes (NFS, NFX, XT, MT, GC and FILMTEC) were tested for their performance in treating OW (100 ppm). The XT and MT membranes (UF membrane) with contact angles of 70.4 ± 0.2° and 69.6 ± 0.26°, respectively, showed the best performance with high flux and oil removal rate. The two membranes were then tested for long-term performance for two hours with 5000 ppm oil concentration using membrane pressure-filtration and MD. The XT membrane displayed a better oil removal percentage of >99%. MD demonstrated a better removal percentage; the flux reduction was high, with average flux reduction of 82% compared to the membrane pressure-filtration method, which experienced a lower flux reduction of 25%. The hydrophilic MT and XT membranes have the tendency to overcome fouling in both methods. However, for the MD method, wetting occurred due to the feed penetrating the membrane pores, causing flux reduction. Therefore, it is important to identify the performance and characteristics of the prepared membrane, including the best membrane treatment method. To ensure that the MD membrane has good anti-fouling and anti-wetting properties, a simple and reliable membrane surface modification technique is required to be explored. The modified dual layer membrane with hydrophobic/hydrophilic properties is expected to produce effective separation in MD for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dharshini Mohanadas
- Department of Chemical & Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Puteri Mimie Isma Nordin
- Department of Chemical & Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Rosiah Rohani
- Department of Chemical & Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
- Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Nur Syafiqah Farhanah Dzulkharnien
- Department of Chemical & Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Abdul Wahab Mohammad
- Department of Chemical & Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
- Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
- Chemical and Water Desalination Engineering Program, College of Engineering, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Peer Mohamed Abdul
- Department of Chemical & Process Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
- Research Centre for Sustainable Process Technology, Faculty of Engineering & Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, UKM, Bangi 43600, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Suriani Abu Bakar
- Nanotechnology Research Centre, Faculty of Science and Mathematics, Universiti Pendidikan Sultan Idris, Tanjung Malim 35900, Perak, Malaysia
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Aijaz MO, Yang SB, Karim MR, Othman MHD, Alnaser IA. Preparation and Characterization of Poly(Lactic Acid)/Poly (ethylene glycol)-Poly(propyl glycol)-Poly(ethylene glycol) Blended Nanofiber Membranes for Fog Collection. MEMBRANES 2022; 13:32. [PMID: 36676839 PMCID: PMC9867471 DOI: 10.3390/membranes13010032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Fog is a resource with great potential to capture fresh water from the atmosphere, regardless of the geographical and hydrological conditions. Micro-sized fog collection requires materials with hydrophilic/phobic patterns. In this study, we prepared hydrophilic poly(lactic acid) (PLA)/poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(propyl glycol)-poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG-PPG-PEG) blended nanofiber membranes with various PEG-PPG-PEG concentrations by electrospinning. Changes in the morphological and chemical properties, surface wettability, and thermal stability of the PLA/PEG-PPG-PEG composite nanofiber membranes were confirmed using field-emission scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, contact angle testing, and thermogravimetric analysis. As the PEG-PPG-PEG content of the nanofiber membranes increased, their hydrophilicity increased. Water stability, membrane porosity, and water transport rate tests were also conducted to observe the behavior of the hydrophilic PLA nanocomposite membranes in aqueous media. Finally, we applied the PLA-based membranes as fog collectors. As the PEG-PPG-PEG content of the nanofiber membranes increased, their ability to collect fog increased by over 40% compared with that collected by a pure PLA membrane. The prepared membranes not only improve the ability of fog collectors to harvest water but also broaden the use of PLA-based membranes in multiple applications, including tissue engineering, drug delivery, scaffolds, and pharmaceuticals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Omer Aijaz
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering (SCEE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai 81310, Malaysia;
| | - Seong Baek Yang
- Department of Biofibers and Biomaterials Science, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea;
| | - Mohammad Rezaul Karim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohd Hafiz Dzarfan Othman
- Advanced Membrane Technology Research (AMTEC), Faculty of Chemical and Energy Engineering (SCEE), Universiti Teknologi Malaysia (UTM), Skudai 81310, Malaysia;
| | - Ibrahim Abdullah Alnaser
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, College of Engineering, King Saud University, Riyadh 11421, Saudi Arabia;
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Abstract
One of the most unfortunate attributes of technology’s routine and widespread use of most of the elements in the periodic table is the abysmal functional recycling rates that result from the complexity of modern technology and the rudimentary technological state of the recycling industry. In this work, we demonstrate that the vast profusion of alloys, and the complexities and miniaturization of modern electronics, render functional recycling almost impossible. This situation is particularly true of “spice metals”: metals employed at very low concentrations to realize modest performance improvements in advanced alloys or complex electronics such as smartphones or laptops. Here, we present a formal definition of spice metals and explore the significant challenges that product design decisions impose on the recycling industry. We thereby identify nine spice metals: scandium (Sc), vanadium (V), gallium (Ga), arsenic (As), niobium (Nb), antimony (Sb), tellurium (Te), erbium (Er), and hafnium (Hf). These metals are considered fundamental for the properties they provide, yet they are rarely recycled. Their routine use poses severe problems for the implementation of closed material loops and the circular economy. Based on the data and discussions in this paper, we recommend that spice metals be employed only where their use will result in a highly significant improvement, and that product designers place a strong emphasis on enabling the functional recycling of these metals after their first use.
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