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Rani S, Aslam S, Lal K, Noreen S, Alsader KAM, Hussain R, Shirinfar B, Ahmed N. Electrochemical C-H/C-C Bond Oxygenation: A Potential Technology for Plastic Depolymerization. CHEM REC 2024; 24:e202300331. [PMID: 38063812 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2024]
Abstract
Herein, we provide eco-friendly and safely operated electrocatalytic methods for the selective oxidation directly or with water, air, light, metal catalyst or other mediators serving as the only oxygen supply. Heavy metals, stoichiometric chemical oxidants, or harsh conditions were drawbacks of earlier oxidative cleavage techniques. It has recently come to light that a crucial stage in the deconstruction of plastic waste and the utilization of biomass is the selective activation of inert C(sp3 )-C/H(sp3 ) bonds, which continues to be a significant obstacle in the chemical upcycling of resistant polyolefin waste. An appealing alternative to chemical oxidations using oxygen and catalysts is direct or indirect electrochemical conversion. An essential transition in the chemical and pharmaceutical industries is the electrochemical oxidation of C-H/C-C bonds. In this review, we discuss cutting-edge approaches to chemically recycle commercial plastics and feasible C-C/C-H bonds oxygenation routes for industrial scale-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadia Rani
- Department of Chemistry, The Women University Multan, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Samina Aslam
- Department of Chemistry, The Women University Multan, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Kiran Lal
- Department of Chemistry, The Women University Multan, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Sobia Noreen
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Sargodha, Sargodha, 40100, Pakistan
| | | | - Riaz Hussain
- Department of Chemistry, University of Education Lahore, D.G. Khan Campus, 32200, Pakistan
| | - Bahareh Shirinfar
- West Herts College - University of Hertfordshire, Watford, WD17 3EZ, London, United Kingdom
| | - Nisar Ahmed
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building, Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
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Zhao W, Lu Y, Qiao Y, Yin X, Liu C, Fang Z, Zhu J, Guo K. Electrosynthesis of Spiro-indolenines via Dearomative Arylation of Indoles in Batch and Continuous Flow. Org Lett 2023; 25:7451-7456. [PMID: 37791903 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.3c03149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/05/2023]
Abstract
An electrosynthesis of spiro-indolenines in batch and continuous flow was achieved through dearomative arylation of indoles with good functional group compatibility. User-friendly undivided cells were used under catalyst- and oxidant-free conditions. Moreover, the use of a flow electrolysis cell gave high daily productivity and excellent scale-up potential under less supporting electrolyte and higher substrate concentration conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Zhao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yi Lu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Yaqi Qiao
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Xing Yin
- Intervention Therapy Department, General Hospital of Eastern Theater Command, Nanjing 222042, China
| | - Chengkou Liu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Zheng Fang
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Jianliang Zhu
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
| | - Kai Guo
- College of Biotechnology and Pharmaceutical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
- State Key Laboratory of Materials-Oriented Chemical Engineering, Nanjing Tech University, Nanjing 211816, China
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Murtaza A, Ulhaq Z, Shirinfar B, Rani S, Aslam S, Martins GM, Ahmed N. Arenes and Heteroarenes C-H Functionalization Under Enabling Conditions: Electrochemistry, Photoelectrochemistry & Flow Technology. CHEM REC 2023; 23:e202300119. [PMID: 37255348 DOI: 10.1002/tcr.202300119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
C-H bond functionalization generates molecular complexity in single-step transformation. However, the activation of C-H bonds requires expensive metals or stoichiometric amounts of oxidizing/reducing species. In many cases, they often require pre-functionalization of starting molecules. Such pre-activating measures cause waste generation and their separation from the final product is also troublesome. In such a scenario, reactions activating elements generating from renewable energy resources such as electricity and light would be more efficient, green, and cost-effective. Further, incorporation of growing flow technology in chemical transformation processes will accelerate the safer accesses of valuable products. Arenes & heteroarenes are ubiquitous in pharmaceuticals, natural products, medicinal compounds, and other biologically important molecules. Herein, we discussed enabling tools and technologies used for the recent C-H bonds functionalization of arenes and heteroarenes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayesha Murtaza
- Department of Chemistry, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Zia Ulhaq
- Chemical Engineering Department, Khwaja Fareed University of Engineering and Information Technology, Rahim Yar Khan, 64200, Pakistan
| | - Bahareh Shirinfar
- Department of Chemistry, University of Bath, BA2 7AY, Bath, United Kingdom
- West Herts College, Hertfordshire, Watford, WD17 3EZ, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sadia Rani
- Department of Chemistry, The Women University Multan, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Samina Aslam
- Department of Chemistry, The Women University Multan, Multan, 60000, Pakistan
| | - Guilherme M Martins
- Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Sao Carlos - UFS Car, 13565-905, São Carlos -SP, Brazil
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
| | - Nisar Ahmed
- School of Chemistry, Cardiff University, Main Building Park Place, Cardiff, CF10 3AT, United Kingdom
- Centre for Chemical and Biological Sciences, HEJ Research Institute of Chemistry, University of Karachi, Karachi, 75270, Pakistan
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Electrosynthesis of tetrabenzylthiuram disulfide via flow reactors. Chem Eng Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ces.2022.117717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Zhang M, Zhong Z, Liao L, Zhang AQ. Application of a transient directing strategy in cyclization reactions via C–H activation. Org Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qo00765g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This review introduces seven types of cyclization reactions via C–H activation using a transient directing strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University (Yaohu campus), 99 Ziyangdadao Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Zukang Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University (Yaohu campus), 99 Ziyangdadao Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Lihua Liao
- Key Laboratory of Functional Small Organic Molecules, Ministry of Education, China
- College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Jiangxi Normal University (Yaohu campus), 99 Ziyangdadao Avenue, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330022, China
| | - Ai Qin Zhang
- Department of Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Nanchang Hangkong University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, 330063, China
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Wang Z, Ma C, Fang P, Xu H, Mei T. Advances in Organic Electrochemical Synthesis. ACTA CHIMICA SINICA 2022. [DOI: 10.6023/a22060260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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