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Lohani H, Duncan DT, Qin X, Kumari P, Kar M, Sengupta A, Ahuja A, Bhowmik A, Mitra S. Fluorine Rich Borate Salt Anion Based Electrolyte for High Voltage Sodium Metal Battery Development. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2024:e2311157. [PMID: 38881263 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202311157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the enhanced performance in high-voltage sodium full cells using a novel electrolyte composition featuring a highly fluorinated borate ester anion (1 M Na[B(hfip)4].3DME) in a binary carbonate mixture (EC:EMC), compared to a conventional electrolyte (1 M Na[PF6] EC:EMC). The prolonged cycling performance of sodium metal battery employing high voltage cathodes (NVPF@C@CNT and NFMO) is attributed to uniform and dense sodium deposition along with the formation of fluorine and boron-rich solid electrolyte interphase (SEI) on the sodium metal anode. Simultaneously, a robust cathode electrolyte interphase (CEI) is formed on the cathode side due to the improved electrochemical stability window and superior aluminum passivation of the novel electrolyte. The CEIs on high-voltage cathodes are discovered to be abundant in C-F, B-O, and B-F components, which contributes to long-term cycling stability by effectively suppressing undesirable side reactions and mitigating electrolyte decomposition. The participation of DME in the primary solvation shell coupled with the comparatively weaker interaction between Na+ and [B(hfip)4]- in the secondary solvation shell, provides additional confirmation of labile desolvation. This, in turn, supports the active participation of the anion in the formation of fluorine and boron-rich interphases on both the anode and cathode.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harshita Lohani
- Electrochemical Energy Laboratory, Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Dale T Duncan
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Xueping Qin
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Pratima Kumari
- Electrochemical Energy Laboratory, Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Mega Kar
- Institute for Frontier Materials, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia
| | - Abhinanda Sengupta
- Electrochemical Energy Laboratory, Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Aakash Ahuja
- Electrochemical Energy Laboratory, Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
| | - Arghya Bhowmik
- Department of Energy Conversion and Storage, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, 2800, Denmark
| | - Sagar Mitra
- Electrochemical Energy Laboratory, Department of Energy Science and Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Bombay, Mumbai, 400076, India
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Wang X, Lu J, Wu Y, Zheng W, Zhang H, Bai T, Liu H, Li D, Ci L. Building Stable Anodes for High-Rate Na-Metal Batteries. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2024; 36:e2311256. [PMID: 38181436 DOI: 10.1002/adma.202311256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/07/2024]
Abstract
Due to low cost and high energy density, sodium metal batteries (SMBs) have attracted growing interest, with great potential to power future electric vehicles (EVs) and mobile electronics, which require rapid charge/discharge capability. However, the development of high-rate SMBs has been impeded by the sluggish Na+ ion kinetics, particularly at the sodium metal anode (SMA). The high-rate operation severely threatens the SMA stability, due to the unstable solid-electrolyte interface (SEI), the Na dendrite growth, and large volume changes during Na plating-stripping cycles, leading to rapid electrochemical performance degradations. This review surveys key challenges faced by high-rate SMAs, and highlights representative stabilization strategies, including the general modification of SMB components (including the host, Na metal surface, electrolyte, separator, and cathode), and emerging solutions with the development of solid-state SMBs and liquid metal anodes; the working principle, performance, and application of these strategies are elaborated, to reduce the Na nucleation energy barriers and promote Na+ ion transfer kinetics for stable high-rate Na metal anodes. This review will inspire further efforts to stabilize SMAs and other metal (e.g., Li, K, Mg, Zn) anodes, promoting high-rate applications of high-energy metal batteries towards a more sustainable society.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xihao Wang
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jingyu Lu
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yehui Wu
- School of Science, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Weiran Zheng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Materials and Technologies for Energy Conversion, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, 515063, China
- Department of Chemistry, Guangdong Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Shantou, 515063, China
| | - Hongqiang Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Tiansheng Bai
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Hongbin Liu
- School of Electrical Engineering, Zhejiang University of Water Resources and Electric Power, Hangzhou, 310018, China
| | - Deping Li
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Lijie Ci
- State Key Laboratory of Advanced Welding and Joining, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology (Shenzhen), Shenzhen, 518055, China
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Liu C, Chen C, Wen Y, Lai Y, Li S, Li J, Zhang Z. Molecule Isolation Protective Interface Formed by Planar Additive for Stable Sodium Metal Anodes. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2023; 15:49107-49115. [PMID: 37824189 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c09471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/13/2023]
Abstract
Sodium (Na) metal is an ideal anode for Na-based batteries because of its high specific capacity and low potential. However, interface issues such as side reactions with the electrolyte and uneven deposition severely hinder its practical application. Here, we report a zinc phthalocyanine (ZnPc) electrolyte additive with a planar molecular structure that can form a dense molecular layer when tightly adsorbed on the Na metal anode surface. Such a planar molecular layer can suppress side reactions between the anode and the electrolyte as well as homogenize Na+ flux to reduce dendrite growth. As a result, the molecular isolation interface formed by ZnPc adsorption on the surface of the Na metal anode enhances the interface stability and the cycling performance of the Na metal anode, with the average Coulombic efficiency of the half-cell of 99.95% after 350 stable cycles at 1 mA cm-2 for 1 mAh cm-2. Moreover, the assembled Na||Na3V2(PO4)3 full-cell with this additive delivers excellent stability over 120 cycles, proving the effectiveness of the ZnPc additive in practical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Congyin Liu
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Value-Added Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Cheng Chen
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Value-Added Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Yalong Wen
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Yanqing Lai
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Nonferrous Value-Added Metallurgy, Central South University, Changsha 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Simin Li
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Jie Li
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
| | - Zhian Zhang
- School of Metallurgy and Environment, Engineering Research Center of the Ministry of Education for Advanced Battery Materials, Central South University, Changsha 410083, China
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