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Hendler RM, Weiss OE, Morad T, Sion G, Kirby M, Dubinsky Z, Barbora A, Minnes R, Baranes D. A Poly-D-lysine-Coated Coralline Matrix Promotes Hippocampal Neural Precursor Cells' Differentiation into GFAP-Positive Astrocytes. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4054. [PMID: 37896298 PMCID: PMC10610048 DOI: 10.3390/polym15204054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
A major goal of regenerative medicine of the central nervous system is to accelerate the regeneration of nerve tissue, where astrocytes, despite their positive and negative roles, play a critical role. Thus, scaffolds capable of producing astrocytes from neural precursor cells (NPCs) are most desirable. Our study shows that NPCs are converted into reactive astrocytes upon cultivation on coralline-derived calcium carbonate coated with poly-D-lysine (PDL-CS). As shown via nuclei staining, the adhesion of neurospheres containing hundreds of hippocampal neural cells to PDL-CS resulted in disaggregation of the cell cluster as well as the radial migration of dozens of cells away from the neurosphere core. Migrating cells per neurosphere averaged 100 on PDL-CS, significantly higher than on uncoated CS (28), PDL-coated glass (65), or uncoated glass (20). After 3 days of culture on PDL-CS, cell migration plateaued and remained stable for four more days. In addition, NPCs expressing nestin underwent continuous morphological changes from round to spiky, extending and elongating their processes, resembling activated astrocytes. The extension of the process increased continuously during the maturation of the culture and doubled after 7 days compared to day 1, whereas bifurcation increased by twofold during the first 3 days before plateauing. In addition, nestin positive cells' shape, measured through the opposite circularity level correlation, decreased approximately twofold after three days, indicating spiky transformation. Moreover, nestin-positive cells co-expressing GFAP increased by 2.2 from day 1 to 7, reaching 40% of the NPC population on day 7. In this way, PDL-CS promotes NPC differentiation into reactive astrocytes, which could accelerate the repair of neural tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roni Mina Hendler
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel
| | - Orly Eva Weiss
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel
| | - Tzachy Morad
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel
| | - Guy Sion
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel
- Department of Science, The David Yellin Academic College of Education, Jerusalem 9103501, Israel
| | - Michael Kirby
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel
| | - Zvy Dubinsky
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel
| | - Ayan Barbora
- Department of Physics, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel
| | - Refael Minnes
- Department of Physics, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel
| | - Danny Baranes
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel
- Adelson School of Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel
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Morad T, Hendler RM, Canji E, Weiss OE, Sion G, Minnes R, Polaq AHG, Merfeld I, Dubinsky Z, Nesher E, Baranes D. Aragonite-Polylysine: Neuro-Regenerative Scaffolds with Diverse Effects on Astrogliosis. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2850. [PMID: 33260420 PMCID: PMC7760860 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials, especially when coated with adhesive polymers, are a key tool for restorative medicine, being biocompatible and supportive for cell adherence, growth, and function. Aragonite skeletons of corals are biomaterials that support survival and growth of a range of cell types, including neurons and glia. However, it is not known if this scaffold affects neural cell migration or elongation of neuronal and astrocytic processes, prerequisites for initiating repair of damage in the nervous system. To address this, hippocampal cells were aggregated into neurospheres and cultivated on aragonite skeleton of the coral Trachyphyllia geoffroyi (Coral Skeleton (CS)), on naturally occurring aragonite (Geological Aragonite (GA)), and on glass, all pre-coated with the oligomer poly-D-lysine (PDL). The two aragonite matrices promoted equally strong cell migration (4.8 and 4.3-fold above glass-PDL, respectively) and axonal sprouting (1.96 and 1.95-fold above glass-PDL, respectively). However, CS-PDL had a stronger effect than GA-PDL on the promotion of astrocytic processes elongation (1.7 vs. 1.2-fold above glass-PDL, respectively) and expression of the glial fibrillary acidic protein (3.8 vs. and 1.8-fold above glass-PDL, respectively). These differences are likely to emerge from a reaction of astrocytes to the degree of roughness of the surface of the scaffold, which is higher on CS than on GA. Hence, CS-PDL and GA-PDL are scaffolds of strong capacity to derive neural cell movements and growth required for regeneration, while controlling the extent of astrocytic involvement. As such, implants of PDL-aragonites have significant potential as tools for damage repair and the reduction of scar formation in the brain following trauma or disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tzachy Morad
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel; (T.M.); (R.M.H.); (E.C.); (O.E.W.); (A.H.G.P.); (I.M.); (E.N.)
| | - Roni Mina Hendler
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel; (T.M.); (R.M.H.); (E.C.); (O.E.W.); (A.H.G.P.); (I.M.); (E.N.)
| | - Eyal Canji
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel; (T.M.); (R.M.H.); (E.C.); (O.E.W.); (A.H.G.P.); (I.M.); (E.N.)
| | - Orly Eva Weiss
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel; (T.M.); (R.M.H.); (E.C.); (O.E.W.); (A.H.G.P.); (I.M.); (E.N.)
| | - Guy Sion
- School of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel;
- Institute for Land Water and Society, Charles Sturt University, P.O. Box 789, Elizabeth Mitchell Drive, Albury, NSW 2642, Australia
| | - Refael Minnes
- Department of Physics, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel;
| | - Ania Hava Grushchenko Polaq
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel; (T.M.); (R.M.H.); (E.C.); (O.E.W.); (A.H.G.P.); (I.M.); (E.N.)
| | - Ido Merfeld
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel; (T.M.); (R.M.H.); (E.C.); (O.E.W.); (A.H.G.P.); (I.M.); (E.N.)
| | - Zvy Dubinsky
- The Mina & Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan 5290002, Israel;
| | - Elimelech Nesher
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel; (T.M.); (R.M.H.); (E.C.); (O.E.W.); (A.H.G.P.); (I.M.); (E.N.)
- Institute for Personalized and Translational Medicine, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel
| | - Danny Baranes
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel 4070000, Israel; (T.M.); (R.M.H.); (E.C.); (O.E.W.); (A.H.G.P.); (I.M.); (E.N.)
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Gancz A, Zueva Y, Weiss OE, Hendler RM, Minnes R, Baranes D. Coralline Skeleton Biomaterial Reduces Phagocytosis in Mouse Blood
in vitro. Isr J Chem 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/ijch.201900151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ayala Gancz
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural SciencesAriel University Ariel Israel
| | - Yekaterina Zueva
- Center for Allergy and ImmunologyBarzilai Hospital Ashkelon Israel
| | - Orly E. Weiss
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural SciencesAriel University Ariel Israel
| | - Roni M. Hendler
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural SciencesAriel University Ariel Israel
| | - Rafael Minnes
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Natural SciencesAriel University Ariel Israel
| | - Danny Baranes
- Department of Molecular Biology, Faculty of Natural SciencesAriel University Ariel Israel
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Morad TI, Hendler RM, Weiss OE, Canji EA, Merfeld I, Dubinsky Z, Minnes R, Francis YI, Baranes D. Gliosis of astrocytes cultivated on coral skeleton is regulated by the matrix surface topography. Biomed Mater 2019; 14:045005. [DOI: 10.1088/1748-605x/ab0d69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Peretz-Soroka H, Tirosh R, Hipolito J, Huebner E, Alexander M, Fiege J, Lin F. A bioenergetic mechanism for amoeboid-like cell motility profiles tested in a microfluidic electrotaxis assay. Integr Biol (Camb) 2018; 9:844-856. [PMID: 28960219 DOI: 10.1039/c7ib00086c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
The amoeboid-like cell motility is known to be driven by the acidic enzymatic hydrolysis of ATP in the actin-myosin system. However, the electro-mechano-chemical coupling, whereby the free energy of ATP hydrolysis is transformed into the power of electrically polarized cell movement, is poorly understood. Previous experimental studies showed that actin filaments motion, cytoplasmic streaming, and muscle contraction can be reconstituted under actin-activated ATP hydrolysis by soluble non-filamentous myosin fragments. Thus, biological motility was demonstrated in the absence of a continuous protein network. These results lead to an integrative conceptual model for cell motility, which advocates an active role played by intracellular proton currents and cytoplasmic streaming (iPC-CS). In this model, we propose that protons and fluid currents develop intracellular electric polarization and pressure gradients, which generate an electro-hydrodynamic mode of amoeboid motion. Such energetic proton currents and active streaming are considered to be mainly driven by stereospecific ATP hydrolysis through myosin heads along oriented actin filaments. Key predictions of this model are supported by microscopy visualization and in-depth sub-population analysis of purified human neutrophils using a microfluidic electrotaxis assay. Three distinct phases in cell motility profiles, morphology, and cytoplasmic streaming in response to physiological ranges of chemoattractant stimulation and electric field application are revealed. Our results support an intrinsic electric dipole formation linked to different patterns of cytoplasmic streaming, which can be explained by the iPC-CS model. Collectively, this alternative biophysical mechanism of cell motility provides new insights into bioenergetics with relevance to potential new biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagit Peretz-Soroka
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
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Weiss OE, Hendler RM, Canji EA, Morad T, Foox M, Francis Y, Dubinski Z, Merfeld I, Hammer L, Baranes D. Modulation of scar tissue formation in injured nervous tissue cultivated on surface-engineered coralline scaffolds. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2017; 106:2295-2306. [PMID: 29098785 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.34037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2017] [Revised: 10/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Following traumatic brain injury, there is no restoration of the lost nervous tissue, mainly due to the formation of a scar. One promising strategy to overcome this hurdle is grafting scaffolds that can disturb the scar blockade, enabling cell invasion into the wound. The aragonite skeleton of corals is useful scaffolds for testing this strategy, being supportive for neural cells in culture. The purpose of this work was to check if a contact between a coralline scaffold and an injured nervous tissue affects scar formation and if this effect can be regulated by engineering the scaffold's surface topology. To address that, hippocampal slices were cultivated on a coral skeleton having two distinct surface shapes: (1) intact skeleton pieces (ISP): porous, microrough surface; (2) grained skeleton (GS): nonporous, macrorough surface. On ISP, slices deformed by engulfing the scaffold's outer surface without penetrating the pores, yet, they preserved their coherence. By contrast, on GS slices were flat, but broken into interconnected small segments of tissue. In addition, whereas on ISP astrocytes were significantly more active and diffusely distributed, on GS reactive astrocytes tightened into a single <90 μm wide scar-like stripe at the slice's periphery. Hence, by grafting coralline scaffolds of predesigned surface roughness and porosity into brain wounds, control over scar tissue formation can be gained, providing an opportunity for cell migration and damage repair. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part B: Appl Biomater, 106B: 2295-2306, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orly Eva Weiss
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | | | - Eyal Aviv Canji
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Tzachy Morad
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
| | - Maytal Foox
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | | | - Zvy Dubinski
- The Mina and Everard Goodman Faculty of Life Sciences, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat-Gan, Israel
| | - Ido Merfeld
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.,Qrons Inc., Miami, Florida, 33131
| | - Liat Hammer
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel.,Qrons Inc., Miami, Florida, 33131
| | - Danny Baranes
- Department of Molecular Biology, Ariel University, Ariel, Israel
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Leferink AM, van Blitterswijk CA, Moroni L. Methods of Monitoring Cell Fate and Tissue Growth in Three-Dimensional Scaffold-Based Strategies for In Vitro Tissue Engineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2016; 22:265-83. [PMID: 26825610 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2015.0340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
In the field of tissue engineering, there is a need for methods that allow assessing the performance of tissue-engineered constructs noninvasively in vitro and in vivo. To date, histological analysis is the golden standard to retrieve information on tissue growth, cellular distribution, and cell fate on tissue-engineered constructs after in vitro cell culture or on explanted specimens after in vivo applications. Yet, many advances have been made to optimize imaging techniques for monitoring tissue-engineered constructs with a sub-mm or μm resolution. Many imaging modalities have first been developed for clinical applications, in which a high penetration depth has been often more important than lateral resolution. In this study, we have reviewed the current state of the art in several imaging approaches that have shown to be promising in monitoring cell fate and tissue growth upon in vitro culture. Depending on the aimed tissue type and scaffold properties, some imaging methods are more applicable than others. Optical methods are mostly suited for transparent materials such as hydrogels, whereas magnetic resonance-based methods are mostly applied to obtain contrast between hard and soft tissues regardless of their transparency. Overall, this review shows that the field of imaging in scaffold-based tissue engineering is developing at a fast pace and has the potential to overcome the limitations of destructive endpoint analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne M Leferink
- 1 Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute, University of Twente , Enschede, The Netherlands .,2 Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, Maastricht University , Maastricht, The Netherlands .,3 BIOS/Lab-on-a-chip Group, MIRA Institute, University of Twente , Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Clemens A van Blitterswijk
- 1 Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute, University of Twente , Enschede, The Netherlands .,2 Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, Maastricht University , Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Lorenzo Moroni
- 1 Department of Tissue Regeneration, MIRA Institute, University of Twente , Enschede, The Netherlands .,2 Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, Maastricht University , Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Grosso C, Valentão P, Ferreres F, Andrade PB. Bioactive marine drugs and marine biomaterials for brain diseases. Mar Drugs 2014; 12:2539-89. [PMID: 24798925 PMCID: PMC4052305 DOI: 10.3390/md12052539] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2014] [Revised: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Marine invertebrates produce a plethora of bioactive compounds, which serve as inspiration for marine biotechnology, particularly in drug discovery programs and biomaterials development. This review aims to summarize the potential of drugs derived from marine invertebrates in the field of neuroscience. Therefore, some examples of neuroprotective drugs and neurotoxins will be discussed. Their role in neuroscience research and development of new therapies targeting the central nervous system will be addressed, with particular focus on neuroinflammation and neurodegeneration. In addition, the neuronal growth promoted by marine drugs, as well as the recent advances in neural tissue engineering, will be highlighted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Grosso
- REQUIMTE/Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, no. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Patrícia Valentão
- REQUIMTE/Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, no. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Federico Ferreres
- Research Group on Quality, Safety and Bioactivity of Plant Foods, Department of Food Science and Technology, CEBAS (CSIC), P.O. Box 164, Campus University Espinardo, Murcia 30100, Spain.
| | - Paula B Andrade
- REQUIMTE/Laboratory of Pharmacognosy, Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Rua de Jorge Viterbo Ferreira, no. 228, 4050-313 Porto, Portugal.
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Peretz-Soroka H, Pevzner A, Davidi G, Naddaka V, Tirosh R, Flaxer E, Patolsky F. Optically-gated self-calibrating nanosensors: monitoring pH and metabolic activity of living cells. NANO LETTERS 2013; 13:3157-3168. [PMID: 23772673 DOI: 10.1021/nl401169k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Quantitative detection of biological and chemical species is critical to numerous areas of medical and life sciences. In this context, information regarding pH is of central importance in multiple areas, from chemical analysis, through biomedical basic studies and medicine, to industry. Therefore, a continuous interest exists in developing new, rapid, miniature, biocompatible and highly sensitive pH sensors for minute fluid volumes. Here, we present a new paradigm in the development of optoelectrical sensing nanodevices with built-in self-calibrating capabilities. The proposed electrical devices, modified with a photoactive switchable molecular recognition layer, can be optically switched between two chemically different states, each having different chemical binding constants and as a consequence affecting the device surface potential at different extents, thus allowing the ratiometric internal calibration of the sensing event. At each point in time, the ratio of the electrical signals measured in the ground and excited states, respectively, allows for the absolute concentration measurement of the molecular species under interest, without the need for electrical calibration of individual devices. Furthermore, we applied these devices for the real-time monitoring of cellular metabolic activity, extra- and intracellularly, as a potential future tool for the performance of basic cell biology studies and high-throughput personalized medicine-oriented research, involving single cells and tissues. This new concept can be readily expanded to the sensing of additional chemical and biological species by the use of additional photoactive switchable receptors. Moreover, this newly demonstrated coupling between surface-confined photoactive molecular species and nanosensing devices could be utilized in the near future in the development of devices of higher complexity for both the simultaneous control and monitoring of chemical and biological processes with nanoscale resolution control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hagit Peretz-Soroka
- School of Chemistry, the Raymond and Beverly Sackler Faculty of Exact Sciences and ‡The Center for Nanoscience and Nanotechnology, Tel-Aviv University , Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
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Abstract
Nature is full of many interesting things to work with, but many natural resources are also protected. In this view the recycling of aquaculture and fishery residues may lead to the manufacture of new devices and the isolation of new molecules with potential application in medicine. The aim of the present study was to explore the possibility to transform the cuttlefish bone into an hydroxyapatite scaffold suitable for bone tissue engineering application. The mixture of different lamellar porous structure of cuttlefish bone from the species Sepia Officinalis was selected and characterized, according to morphology (including porosity, surface development, surface characteristics) and mechanical properties. The material was transformed into suitable scaffold for bone tissue regeneration, trying to totally or partially convert calcium carbonate (aragonite) into calcium phosphate (hydroxyapatite HA) using hydrothermal transformation. The studies on cell attachment and proliferation (by MTT assay at different experimental times), cell morphology with Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and osteocalcin (OC) activities and expressions by mouse osteoblast-like MC3T3-E1 cells on HA were investigated at different experimental times in cultures, in comparison with those observed on titanium specimens used as a control (ET and ST). Cell proliferation was less in HA transformed cuttlefish bone scaffolds than in ET and ST specimens. In contrast, good performance for osteoblasts differentiation was observed on HA transformed cuttlefish bone scaffolds, similar to those observed onto titanium scaffolds.
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Advances in progenitor cell therapy using scaffolding constructs for central nervous system injury. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2009; 5:283-300. [PMID: 19644777 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-009-9081-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2008] [Accepted: 06/18/2009] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in the United States. Current clinical therapy is focused on optimization of the acute/subacute intracerebral milieu, minimizing continued cell death, and subsequent intense rehabilitation to ameliorate the prolonged physical, cognitive, and psychosocial deficits that result from TBI. Adult progenitor (stem) cell therapies have shown promise in pre-clinical studies and remain a focus of intense scientific investigation. One of the fundamental challenges to successful translation of the large body of pre-clinical work is the delivery of progenitor cells to the target location/organ. Classically used vehicles such as intravenous and intra arterial infusion have shown low engraftment rates and risk of distal emboli. Novel delivery methods such as nanofiber scaffold implantation could provide the structural and nutritive support required for progenitor cell proliferation, engraftment, and differentiation. The focus of this review is to explore the current state of the art as it relates to current and novel progenitor cell delivery methods.
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Jeger R, Lichtenfeld Y, Peretz H, Shany B, Vago R, Baranes D. Visualization of the ultrastructural interface of cells with the outer and inner-surface of coral skeletons. JOURNAL OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 2009; 58:47-53. [PMID: 19218486 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfp005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Crystalline, porous biomaterials, such as marine invertebrate skeletons, have been widely used for functional reconstruction of human tissues like bone and dental implants. Since in such an abrasive microenvironment adequate cell-material interactions are crucial for a successful treatment, it is of great importance to improve the means to examine these interactions. We developed a method that reveals the ultrastructure of the interface between coral skeletons and cultured neural cells to a higher quality than do traditional methods as it does not include damaging procedures like decalcification or sectioning non-decalcified skeletons. It is rather based on generating two electron opacity distinct Araldite masks, of the skeleton and its surrounding, by polymerizing them to different durations. The contrast created at the border of the two masks outlined the fine and fragile crystals of the coral skeleton's outer and inner surfaces and their contact sites with the cells. The skeleton's internal structure contains a mesh of narrow (few microns wide) and large channel-shaped gaps interrupted by irregular-shaped crystalline material. Neural cells grew on the skeleton surface by stretching between crystal tips, with occasional rearrangements of cytoskeletal fibers located near the anchorage focal adherence points. Cell processes infiltrated the skeleton interior by stretching between inter-surface crystals and by adjusting their volume to the space of the conduits they grew into. The technique advances the study of coral biology and of neural cells-hard biomaterial interaction; it can be applied to other biomaterials and cell types and open new ways for studying tissue development and engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rina Jeger
- Department of Life Sciences, Ben-Gurion University of the Negev, Beer Sheva 84105, Israel
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