1
|
Saharkhiz M, Ayadilord M, Emadian Razavi F, Naseri M. Effects of phytosomal curcumin treatment on modulation of immunomodulatory and pulp regeneration genes in dental pulp mesenchymal stem cells. Odontology 2021; 110:287-295. [PMID: 34586536 DOI: 10.1007/s10266-021-00659-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) are a new population of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) located in the oral cavity with potential capacities for tissue regeneration and immunomodulation. The purpose from this study was to determine effects of curcumin nanoparticle into phytosomal formulation (PC) on the relative expression of DSPP, VEGF-A, HLA-G5, VCAM1, RelA and STAT3 genes which are among the most important factors influencing processes of immunomodulatory and tissue regenerative by DPSCs. After isolation and culture of DPSCs, these cells were characterized according to predetermined criteria including flow cytometric analysis for detection of the most important cell surface markers and also evaluation of multilineage differentiation potential. Then, the MTT method was employed to check the cell viability in treatment with different concentrations of PC. Following DPSCs' treatment with an optimal-non-toxic dose of this nanoparticle, quantification of expression of target genes was performed using real-time PCR procedure. According to results of immunophenotyping analysis and cell differentiation experiments, the isolated cells were confirmed as MSCs as more than 99% of them expressed specific mesenchymal markers while only about 0.5% of them were positive for hematopoietic marker. The real-time PCR results indicated that PC significantly reduced the expression of RelA, STAT3, VCAM1 and HLA-G5 genes up to many times over while optimally enhanced the expression of DSPP and VEGF-A genes, although this enhance was statistically significant only for VEGF-A (all P < 0.001). The study suggests that PC affects the stemness capabilities of DPSCs and it may facilitate the development of MSCs-based therapeutics in regenerative dentistry.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mansoore Saharkhiz
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Malaksima Ayadilord
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.,Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Fariba Emadian Razavi
- Dental Research Center, Department of Prosthodontics, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Mohsen Naseri
- Department of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran. .,Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Huang CY, Vesvoranan O, Yin X, Montoya A, Londono V, Sawatari Y, Garcia-Godoy F. Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Conditioned Medium of Periodontal Ligament-Derived Stem Cells on Chondrocytes, Synoviocytes, and Meniscus Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2021; 30:537-547. [PMID: 33757298 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2021.0010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common type of arthritis, afflicting millions of people in the world. Elevation of inflammatory mediators and enzymatic matrix destruction is often associated with OA. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the effects of conditioned medium from periodontal ligament-derived stem cells (PDLSCs) on inflammatory and catabolic gene expressions of chondrocytes, synoviocytes, and meniscus cells under in vitro inflammatory condition. Stem cells were isolated from human periodontal ligaments. Conditioned medium was collected and concentrated 20 × . Chondrocytes, synoviocytes, and meniscus cells were isolated from pig knees and divided into four experimental groups: serum-free media, serum-free media+interleukin-1β (IL-1β) (10 ng/mL), conditioned media (CM), and CM+IL-1β. Protein content and extracellular vesicle (EV) miRNAs of CM were analyzed by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and RNA sequencing, respectively. It was found that the IL-1β treatment upregulated the expression of IL-1β, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), MMP-13, and ADAMTS-4 genes in the three cell types, whereas PDLSC-conditioned medium prevented the upregulation of gene expression by IL-1β in all three cell types. This study also found that there was consistency in anti-inflammatory effects of PDLSC CM across donors and cell subcultures, while PDLSCs released several anti-inflammatory factors and EV miRNAs at high levels. OA has been suggested as an inflammatory disease in which all intrasynovial tissues are involved. PDLSC-conditioned medium is a cocktail of trophic factors and EV miRNAs that could mediate different inflammatory processes in various tissues in the joint. Introducing PDLSC-conditioned medium to osteoarthritic joints could be a potential treatment to prevent OA progression by inhibiting inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Yuh Huang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Oraya Vesvoranan
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Xue Yin
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Amanda Montoya
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Valeria Londono
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Yoh Sawatari
- Division of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, University of Miami/Jackson Memorial Hospital, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Franklin Garcia-Godoy
- Department of Bioscience Research, College of Dentistry, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, Tennessee, USA
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Epigenetic Regulation of Dental Pulp Stem Cell Fate. Stem Cells Int 2020; 2020:8876265. [PMID: 33149742 PMCID: PMC7603635 DOI: 10.1155/2020/8876265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 09/21/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Epigenetic regulation, mainly involving DNA methylation, histone modification, and noncoding RNAs, affects gene expression without modifying the primary DNA sequence and modulates cell fate. Mesenchymal stem cells derived from dental pulp, also called dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), exhibit multipotent differentiation capacity and can promote various biological processes, including odontogenesis, osteogenesis, angiogenesis, myogenesis, and chondrogenesis. Over the past decades, increased attention has been attracted by the use of DPSCs in the field of regenerative medicine. According to a series of studies, epigenetic regulation is essential for DPSCs to differentiate into specialized cells. In this review, we summarize the mechanisms involved in the epigenetic regulation of the fate of DPSCs.
Collapse
|
4
|
Ju Y, Ren X, Zhao S. Distal C-terminus of Ca v 1.2 is indispensable for the chondrogenic differentiation of rat dental pulp stem cells. Cell Biol Int 2019; 44:512-523. [PMID: 31631478 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The α1 subunit (Cav1.2) of the L-type calcium channel (LTCC), which is presently existing in both excitatory cells and non-excitatory cells, is involved in the differentiation and proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), MSCs derived from dental pulp, exhibit multipotent characteristics similar to those of MSCs. The aim of the present study was to examine the contribution of Cav1.2 and its distal C-terminus (DCT) to the commitment of rat DPSCs (rDPSCs) toward chondrocytes and adipocytes in vitro. The expression of Cav1.2 was obviously elevated in chondrogenic differentiation but did not differ significantly in adipogenic differentiation. The chondrogenic differentiation but not adipogenic of rDPSCs was inhibited by either blocking LTCC using nimodipine or knockdown of Cav1.2 via short hairpin RNA (shRNA). Overexpression of DCT rescued the inhibition by Cav1.2-shRNA during chondrogenic differentiation, indicating that DCT is essential for the chondrogenic differentiation of rDPSCs. However, the protein level of DCT decreased after chondrogenic differentiation in wild-type cells, and overexpression of DCT in rDPSCs inhibited the phenotype. These data suggest that DCT is indispensable for chondrogenic differentiation of rDPSCs but that superfluous DCT inhibits this process. Through the analysis of differentially expressed genes using RNA-seq data, we speculated that the regulation of DCT might be mediated by the mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular-regulated kinase and c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling pathways, or Chondromodulin-1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Ju
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P.R. China
| | - Xudong Ren
- Department of Surgery, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P.R. China
| | - Shouliang Zhao
- Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200040, P.R. China
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Chen Y, Zhao Q, Yang X, Yu X, Yu D, Zhao W. Effects of cobalt chloride on the stem cell marker expression and osteogenic differentiation of stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth. Cell Stress Chaperones 2019; 24:527-538. [PMID: 30806897 PMCID: PMC6527733 DOI: 10.1007/s12192-019-00981-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/07/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Stem cells from human exfoliated deciduous teeth (SHEDs) are a promising source for tissue engineering and stem cell transplantation. However, long-term in vitro culture and expansion lead to the loss of stemness of SHEDs, compromising their therapeutic benefits. Hypoxia plays an essential role in controlling the stem cell behavior of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Thus, this study aimed to investigate the effects of cobalt chloride (CoCl2), a hypoxia-mimetic agent, on the stem cell marker expression and osteogenic differentiation of SHEDs. SHEDs were cultured with or without 50 or 100 μM CoCl2. Their proliferation, apoptosis, stem cell marker expression, migration ability, and osteogenic differentiation were examined. Culture with 50 and 100 μM CoCl2 increased the hypoxia-inducible factor-1 alpha (HIF-1α) protein levels in a dose-dependent manner in SHEDs without inducing significant cytotoxicity. This effect was accompanied by an increase in the proportion of STRO-1+ cells. CoCl2 significantly increased the expression of stem cell markers (OCT4, NANOG, SOX2, and c-Myc) in a dose-dependent manner. The migration ability was also promoted by CoCl2 treatment. Furthermore, SHEDs cultured in osteogenic medium with CoCl2 showed a dose-dependent reduction in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and calcium deposition. The expression of osteogenic-related genes was also suppressed by CoCl2, especially in the 100-μM CoCl2 group. In conclusion, CoCl2 increased the expression of stem cell markers and inhibited the osteogenic differentiation of SHEDs. These findings may provide evidence supporting the use of in vitro hypoxic environments mimicked by CoCl2 in assisting the clinical application of SHEDs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yijing Chen
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 56 Lingyuan West Road, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Xianning Central Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital Of Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, 437000, China
| | - Xin Yang
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 56 Lingyuan West Road, Guangzhou, 510055, China
| | - Xinlin Yu
- International Department, The Affiliated High School of SCNU, Guangzhou, 510630, China
| | - Dongsheng Yu
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 56 Lingyuan West Road, Guangzhou, 510055, China.
| | - Wei Zhao
- Guanghua School of Stomatology, Hospital of Stomatology, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, No. 56 Lingyuan West Road, Guangzhou, 510055, China.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Aydin S, Şahin F. Stem Cells Derived from Dental Tissues. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2019; 1144:123-132. [DOI: 10.1007/5584_2018_333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
|
7
|
Datko Williams L, Farley A, Cupelli M, Alapati S, Kennedy MS, Dean D. Effects of substrate stiffness on dental pulp stromal cells in culture. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 106:1789-1797. [PMID: 29468814 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 02/07/2018] [Accepted: 02/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Dental pulp stromal cells (DPSCs) can be differentiated down lineages known to either express bone or dentin specific protein markers. Since the differentiation of cells can be heavily influenced by their environment, it may be possible to influence the osteogenic/odontogenic potential of DPSCs by modulating the mechanical properties of substrate on which they are grown. In this study, human DPSCs were grown with and without hydroxyapatite (HA) microparticles on a range of substrates including fibronectin-coated hydrogels and glass substrates, which represented an elastic moduli range of approximately 3 kPa-50 GPa, over a 21-day period. Alkaline phosphatase activity, osteopontin production, and mineralization were monitored. The presence of HA microparticles increased the relative degree of mineralized matrix produced by the cells relative to those in the same substrate and media condition without the HA microparticles. In addition, cultures with cells grown on stiffer substrates had higher ALP activity and higher degree of mineralization than those grown on softer substrates. This study shows that DPSCs are affected by the mechanical properties of their underlying growth substrate and by the presence of HA microparticles. In addition, relatively stiff substrates (>75 kPa) may be required for significant mineralization of these cultures. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A: 1789-1797, 2018.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Amanda Farley
- Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634
| | - Matthew Cupelli
- Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634
| | - Satish Alapati
- Department of Endodontics, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, 60612
| | - Marian S Kennedy
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634
| | - Delphine Dean
- Bioengineering Department, Clemson University, Clemson, South Carolina, 29634
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Ercal P, Pekozer GG, Gumru OZ, Kose GT, Ramazanoglu M. Influence of STRO-1 selection on osteogenic potential of human tooth germ derived mesenchymal stem cells. Arch Oral Biol 2017; 82:293-301. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2017.06.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 06/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
9
|
Gurel Pekozer G, Ramazanoglu M, Schlegel KA, Kok FN, Torun Kose G. Role of STRO-1 sorting of porcine dental germ stem cells in dental stem cell-mediated bone tissue engineering. ARTIFICIAL CELLS NANOMEDICINE AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2017; 46:607-618. [DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2017.1332637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Gorke Gurel Pekozer
- Molecular Biology-Genetics and Biotechnology Program, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, BIOMATEN, METU, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Mustafa Ramazanoglu
- Department of Oral Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Karl Andreas Schlegel
- Department of Maxillofacial Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen-Nuremberg, Bavaria, Germany
| | - Fatma Nese Kok
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Istanbul Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gamze Torun Kose
- Genetics and Bioengineering Department, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, Turkey
- Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, BIOMATEN, METU, Ankara, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yasui T, Mabuchi Y, Morikawa S, Onizawa K, Akazawa C, Nakagawa T, Okano H, Matsuzaki Y. Isolation of dental pulp stem cells with high osteogenic potential. Inflamm Regen 2017; 37:8. [PMID: 29259707 PMCID: PMC5725894 DOI: 10.1186/s41232-017-0039-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/26/2016] [Accepted: 02/23/2017] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells/progenitor cells (DPSCs) can be easily obtained and can have excellent proliferative and mineralization potentials. Therefore, many studies have investigated the isolation and bone formation of DPSCs. In most previous reports, human DPSCs were traditionally isolated by exploiting their ability to adhere to plastic tissue culture dishes. DPSCs isolated by plastic adherence are frequently contaminated by other cells, which limits the ability to investigate their basic biology and regenerative properties. Additionally, the proliferative and osteogenic potentials vary depending on the isolated cells. It is very difficult to obtain cells of a sufficient quality to elicit the required effect upon transplantation. Considering clinical applications, stem cells used for regenerative medicine need to be purified in order to increase the efficiency of bone regeneration, and a stable supply of these cells must be generated. Here, we review the purification of DPSCs and studies of cranio-maxillofacial bone regeneration using these cells. Additionally, we introduce the prospective isolation of DPSCs using specific cell surface markers: low-affinity nerve growth factor and thymocyte antigen 1.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takazumi Yasui
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan.,Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan.,Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Kawasaki Municipal Kawasaki Hospital, 12-1 Shinkawadori, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0013 Japan
| | - Yo Mabuchi
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan.,Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
| | - Satoru Morikawa
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Katsuhiro Onizawa
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Kawasaki Municipal Kawasaki Hospital, 12-1 Shinkawadori, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki, Kanagawa 210-0013 Japan
| | - Chihiro Akazawa
- Department of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Graduate School of Health Care Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8510 Japan
| | - Taneaki Nakagawa
- Department of Dentistry and Oral Surgery, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan
| | - Yumi Matsuzaki
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, 35 Shinanomachi, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 160-8582 Japan.,Department of Cancer Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Shimane University, 89-1 Enya-cho, Izumo, Shimane 693-8501 Japan
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Chen CC, Hsia CW, Ho CW, Liang CM, Chen CM, Huang KL, Kang BH, Chen YH. Hypoxia and hyperoxia differentially control proliferation of rat neural crest stem cells via distinct regulatory pathways of the HIF1α-CXCR4 and TP53-TPM1 proteins. Dev Dyn 2017; 246:162-185. [PMID: 28002632 DOI: 10.1002/dvdy.24481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 12/09/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neural crest stem cells (NCSCs) are a population of adult multipotent stem cells. We are interested in studying whether oxygen tensions affect the capability of NCSCs to self-renew and repair damaged tissues. NCSCs extracted from the hair follicle bulge region of the rat whisker pad were cultured in vitro under different oxygen tensions. RESULTS We found significantly increased and decreased rates of cell proliferation in rat NCSCs (rNCSCs) cultured, respectively, at 0.5% and 80% oxygen levels. At 0.5% oxygen, the expression of both hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF) 1α and CXCR4 was greatly enhanced in the rNCSC nuclei and was suppressed by incubation with the CXCR4-specific antagonist AMD3100. In addition, the rate of cell apoptosis in the rNCSCs cultured at 80% oxygen was dramatically increased, associated with increased nuclear expression of TP53, decreased cytoplasmic expression of TPM1 (tropomyosin-1), and increased nuclear-to-cytoplasmic translocation of S100A2. Incubation of rNCSCs with the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) overcame the inhibitory effect of 80% oxygen on proliferation and survival of rNCSCs. CONCLUSIONS Our results show for the first time that extreme oxygen tensions directly control NCSC proliferation differentially via distinct regulatory pathways of proteins, with hypoxia via the HIF1α-CXCR4 pathway and hyperoxia via the TP53-TPM1 pathway. Developmental Dynamics 246:162-185, 2017. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chien-Cheng Chen
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Neihu District, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Wu Hsia
- Department of Finance, School of Management, Shih Hsin University, Wenshan District, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Wen Ho
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Neihu District, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Taoyuan Armed Forces General Hospital, Longtan District, Taoyuan City, Taiwan
| | - Chang-Min Liang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Tri-Service General Hospital, Neihu District, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Chieh-Min Chen
- Graduate Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, National Defense Medical Center, Neihu District, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Kun-Lun Huang
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Neihu District, Taipei City, Taiwan
- Department of Undersea and Hyperbaric Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Neihu District, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Bor-Hwang Kang
- Division of Diving Medicine, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Zuoying District, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Hui Chen
- Graduate Institute of Aerospace and Undersea Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Neihu District, Taipei City, Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Gehwolf R, Wagner A, Lehner C, Bradshaw AD, Scharler C, Niestrawska JA, Holzapfel GA, Bauer HC, Tempfer H, Traweger A. Pleiotropic roles of the matricellular protein Sparc in tendon maturation and ageing. Sci Rep 2016; 6:32635. [PMID: 27586416 PMCID: PMC5009305 DOI: 10.1038/srep32635] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute and chronic tendinopathies remain clinically challenging and tendons are predisposed to degeneration or injury with age. Despite the high prevalence of tendon disease in the elderly, our current understanding of the mechanisms underlying the age-dependent deterioration of tendon function remains very limited. Here, we show that Secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine (Sparc) expression significantly decreases in healthy-aged mouse Achilles tendons. Loss of Sparc results in tendon collagen fibrillogenesis defects and Sparc−/− tendons are less able to withstand force in comparison with their respective wild type counterparts. On the cellular level, Sparc-null and healthy-aged tendon-derived cells exhibited a more contracted phenotype and an altered actin cytoskeleton. Additionally, an elevated expression of the adipogenic marker genes PPARγ and Cebpα with a concomitant increase in lipid deposits in aged and Sparc−/− tendons was observed. In summary, we propose that Sparc levels in tendons are critical for proper collagen fibril maturation and its age-related decrease, together with a change in ECM properties favors lipid accretion in tendons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Renate Gehwolf
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University - Spinal Cord Injury &Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andrea Wagner
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University - Spinal Cord Injury &Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Christine Lehner
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University - Spinal Cord Injury &Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Amy D Bradshaw
- Gazes Cardiac Research Institute, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, USA
| | - Cornelia Scharler
- Experimental and Clinical Cell Therapy Institute, Paracelsus Medical University Spinal Cord Injury &Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Austria
| | | | | | - Hans-Christian Bauer
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University - Spinal Cord Injury &Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Herbert Tempfer
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University - Spinal Cord Injury &Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Traweger
- Institute of Tendon and Bone Regeneration, Paracelsus Medical University - Spinal Cord Injury &Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Austria.,Austrian Cluster for Tissue Regeneration, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Khojasteh A, Nazeman P, Rad MR. Dental Stem Cells in Oral, Maxillofacial and Craniofacial Regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-28947-2_8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
|
14
|
Yu W, Zhang Y, Jiang C, He W, Yi Y, Wang J. Orthodontic treatment mediates dental pulp microenvironment via IL17A. Arch Oral Biol 2016; 66:22-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2016.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2015] [Revised: 12/22/2015] [Accepted: 01/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
|
15
|
Ashri NY, Ajlan SA, Aldahmash AM. Dental pulp stem cells. Biology and use for periodontal tissue engineering. Saudi Med J 2015; 36:1391-9. [PMID: 26620980 PMCID: PMC4707394 DOI: 10.15537/smj.2015.12.12750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory periodontal disease is a major cause of loss of tooth-supporting structures. Novel approaches for regeneration of periodontal apparatus is an area of intensive research. Periodontal tissue engineering implies the use of appropriate regenerative cells, delivered through a suitable scaffold, and guided through signaling molecules. Dental pulp stem cells have been used in an increasing number of studies in dental tissue engineering. Those cells show mesenchymal (stromal) stem cell-like properties including self-renewal and multilineage differentiation potentials, aside from their relative accessibility and pleasant handling properties. The purpose of this article is to review the biological principles of periodontal tissue engineering, along with the challenges facing the development of a consistent and clinically relevant tissue regeneration platform. This article includes an updated review on dental pulp stem cells and their applications in periodontal regeneration, in combination with different scaffolds and growth factors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nahid Y Ashri
- Department of Periodontics and Community Dentistry, College of Dentistry, King Saud University, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. E-mail.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Pisciotta A, Riccio M, Carnevale G, Lu A, De Biasi S, Gibellini L, La Sala GB, Bruzzesi G, Ferrari A, Huard J, De Pol A. Stem cells isolated from human dental pulp and amniotic fluid improve skeletal muscle histopathology in mdx/SCID mice. Stem Cell Res Ther 2015; 6:156. [PMID: 26316011 PMCID: PMC4552417 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-015-0141-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), caused by a lack of the functional structural protein dystrophin, leads to severe muscle degeneration where the patients are typically wheelchair-bound and die in their mid-twenties from cardiac or respiratory failure or both. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential of human dental pulp stem cells (hDPSCs) and human amniotic fluid stem cells (hAFSCs) to differentiate toward a skeletal myogenic lineage using several different protocols in order to determine the optimal conditions for achieving myogenic commitment and to subsequently evaluate their contribution in the improvement of the pathological features associated with dystrophic skeletal muscle when intramuscularly injected into mdx/SCID mice, an immune-compromised animal model of DMD. METHODS Human DPSCs and AFSCs were differentiated toward myogenic lineage in vitro through the direct co-culture with a myogenic cell line (C2C12 cells) and through a preliminary demethylation treatment with 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza), respectively. The commitment and differentiation of both hDPSCs and hAFSCs were evaluated by immunofluorescence and Western blot analysis. Subsequently, hDPSCs and hAFSCs, preliminarily demethylated and pre-differentiated toward a myogenic lineage for 2 weeks, were injected into the dystrophic gastrocnemius muscles of mdx/SCID mice. After 1, 2, and 4 weeks, the gastrocnemius muscles were taken for immunofluorescence and histological analyses. RESULTS Both populations of cells engrafted within the host muscle of mdx/SCID mice and through a paracrine effect promoted angiogenesis and reduced fibrosis, which eventually led to an improvement of the histopathology of the dystrophic muscle. CONCLUSION This study shows that hAFSCs and hDPSCs represent potential sources of stem cells for translational strategies to improve the histopathology and potentially alleviate the muscle weakness in patients with DMD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alessandra Pisciotta
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy.
| | - Massimo Riccio
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy.
| | - Gianluca Carnevale
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy.
| | - Aiping Lu
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Bridgeside Point II, Suite 206, 15219, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Sara De Biasi
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy.
| | - Lara Gibellini
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy.
| | - Giovanni B La Sala
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, viale Risorgimento 80, 42123, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Giacomo Bruzzesi
- Oro-Maxillo-Facial Department, AUSL Baggiovara, via Giardini 1355, 41126, Modena, Baggiovara, Italy.
| | - Adriano Ferrari
- Department of Biomedical, Metabolic and Neuroscience, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Children Rehabilitation Special Unit, IRCCS Arcispedale Santa Maria Nuova, viale Risorgimento 80, 42123, Reggio Emilia, Italy.
| | - Johnny Huard
- Stem Cell Research Center, Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Pittsburgh, 450 Technology Drive, Bridgeside Point II, Suite 206, 15219, Pittsburgh, PA, USA.
| | - Anto De Pol
- Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences with interest in Transplant, Oncology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, via del Pozzo 71, 41124, Modena, Italy.
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Smith J, Smith A, Shelton R, Cooper P. Dental Pulp Cell Behavior in Biomimetic Environments. J Dent Res 2015; 94:1552-9. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034515599767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
There is emerging recognition of the importance of a physiologically relevant in vitro cell culture environment to promote maintenance of stem cells for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine purposes. In vivo, appropriate cellular cues are provided by local tissue extracellular matrix (ECM), and these are not currently recapitulated well in vitro using traditional cultureware. We therefore hypothesized that better replication of the in vivo environment for cell culture and differentiation could be achieved by culturing dental pulp cells with their associated ECM. Primary dental pulp cells were subsequently seeded onto pulp-derived ECM-coated cultureware. While at up to 24 h they exhibited the same level of adherence as those cells seeded on tissue culture–treated surfaces, by 4 d cell numbers and proliferation rates were significantly decreased in cells grown on pulp ECM compared with controls. Analysis of stem cell and differentiation marker transcripts, as well as Oct 3/4 protein distribution, supported the hypothesis that cells cultured on ECM better maintained a stem cell phenotype compared with those cultured on standard tissue culture–treated surfaces. Subsequent differentiation analysis of cells cultured on ECM demonstrated that they exhibited enhanced mineralization, as determined by alizarin red staining and mineralized marker expression. Supplementation of a 3% alginate hydrogel with pulp ECM components and dental pulp cells followed by differentiation induction in mineralization medium resulted in a time-dependent mineral deposition at the periphery of the construct, as demonstrated histologically and using micro–computed tomography analysis, which was reminiscent of tooth structure. In conclusion, data indicate that culture of pulp cells in the presence of ECM better replicates the in vivo environment, maintaining a stem cell phenotype suitable for downstream tissue engineering applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J.G. Smith
- Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
- Wolfson Centre for Stem Cells, Tissue Engineering and Modelling, Centre for Biomolecular Sciences, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, UK
| | - A.J. Smith
- Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - R.M. Shelton
- Biomaterials, School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - P.R. Cooper
- Oral Biology, School of Dentistry, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Garzón I, Martin-Piedra MA, Alaminos M. Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells. A promising epithelial-like cell source. Med Hypotheses 2015; 84:516-7. [PMID: 25764965 DOI: 10.1016/j.mehy.2015.02.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Several models of tissue-engineered human skin based on three-dimensional (3D) co-culture techniques have been proposed to the date. However, normal skin biopsies are not always available, especially in patients with a high percentage of skin affected by deep burning, and the generation of large amounts of cultured keratinocytes may take very long time, with an associated risk for the patients' survival. For those reasons, the search of alternative cell sources for tissue reconstruction is a clinical need. In this context, Human Dental Pulp Stem Cells (HDPSC) have the potential to differentiate into multiple cell lineages by the appropriate differentiation conditions, but skin epidermis differentiation has not been demonstrated so far. Here, we hypothesize that HDPSC may have pluripotent differentiation capability, and may be able to differentiate into skin epithelial keratinocytes in culture using organotypic 3D models based on the interaction with the subjacent dermal fibroblasts. By using HDPSC, the problems associated to the donor site availability and the proliferation capability of the epithelial cells could be solved. The rapid accessibility to these cells could be translated to a more immediate generation of a bioengineered human skin substitute for the future clinical treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- I Garzón
- Department of Histology (Tissue Engineering Group), University of Granada, Spain.
| | - M A Martin-Piedra
- Department of Histology (Tissue Engineering Group), University of Granada, Spain
| | - M Alaminos
- Department of Histology (Tissue Engineering Group), University of Granada, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ju Y, Ge J, Ren X, Zhu X, Xue Z, Feng Y, Zhao S. Cav1.2 of L-type Calcium Channel Is a Key Factor for the Differentiation of Dental Pulp Stem Cells. J Endod 2015; 41:1048-55. [PMID: 25703215 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2015.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2014] [Revised: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION L-type calcium channel (LTCC) is a unique and important factor in several cell lineages, whereas its role in the differentiation of dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) is not well-known. In this study, we examined the function of LTCC α1C subunit (Cav1.2) and its distal C-terminus (DCT) during the in vitro differentiation of rat DPSCs (rDPSCs). METHODS After fluorescence-activated cell sorting, rDPSCs were differentiated toward dentin sialophosphoprotein-positive odontoblasts and neural cells expressing specific neuronal markers. The inhibition of rDPSC differentiation via LTCC blocker nimodipine and Cav1.2 knockdown through short hairpin RNA was evaluated by using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, Western blot, and immunofluorescence staining. RESULTS Nimodipine treatment and Cav1.2 knockdown generated similar results. The number of positive calcium nodules and the protein and mRNA levels of dentin sialophosphoprotein were significantly reduced during odontogenic differentiation. The levels of microtubule-associated protein-2 and β-III-tubulin were reduced in neural differentiation. The expression of DCT decreased after odontogenic differentiation but significantly increased after neural differentiation (P < .05, n = 9). CONCLUSIONS Our data showed that LTCC blocker nimodipine inhibits the odontogenic and neural differentiation of rDPSCs, and Cav1.2 is responsible for the activity of LTCC. The expression of DCT of Cav1.2 significantly changes during both odontogenic and neural differentiation. Thus, Cav1.2 of LTCC plays an essential role in differentiation of DPSCs, which might be mediated through the regulation of DCT levels in DPSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yanqin Ju
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Jianping Ge
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xudong Ren
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Shanghai Tenth People's Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Xianmin Zhu
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Translational Stem Cell Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Zhigang Xue
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Translational Stem Cell Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Yun Feng
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Translational Stem Cell Research Center, Tongji Hospital, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, People's Republic of China
| | - Shouliang Zhao
- Department of Conservative Dentistry, Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Science and Translational Medicine, School of Stomatology, Tongji University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China; Department of Stomatology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, People's Republic of China.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Shrestha S, Diogenes A, Kishen A. Temporal-controlled release of bovine serum albumin from chitosan nanoparticles: effect on the regulation of alkaline phosphatase activity in stem cells from apical papilla. J Endod 2014; 40:1349-54. [PMID: 25146014 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2014.02.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2013] [Revised: 01/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The controlled delivery of bioactive molecules is crucial for the regulation of stem cell differentiation. In this study, we examined the effects of temporal-controlled release of bovine serum albumin (BSA) from chitosan nanoparticles (CSnp) to regulate the alkaline phosphatase activity (ALP) in stem cells from apical papilla (SCAP). METHODS BSA-loaded CSnp were synthesized by 2 methods to achieve the variant temporal-controlled release: (1) the encapsulation technique (BSA-CSnpI) and (2) the adsorption technique (BSA-CSnpII). After characterization of the size, charge, and release kinetics, SCAP were cultured in the presence of these bioactive molecule-loaded nanoparticles. SCAP viability was analyzed at 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days, and ALP activity was analyzed every 7 days until 21 days to determine the effect of these bioactive molecule-releasing nanoparticles on the cytotoxicity and differentiation potential, respectively. RESULTS BSA-CSnpI and BSA-CSnpII presented distinct in vitro release profiles of BSA in a time-controlled manner. Cell viability was significantly enhanced over time in the presence of BSA-CSnpI and BSA-CSnpII (P < .01), when compared with BSA nonloaded CSnp. ALP activity was significantly higher (P < .01) in the presence of BSA-CSnpI after 3 weeks than in BSA-CSnpII. CONCLUSIONS BSA-loaded CSnps were synthesized and characterized in this study. Based on the physical/chemical interaction of BSA with CSnp (encapsulation or surface adsorption), different time-controlled release profiles were observed that influenced the ALP activity of SCAP in vitro. This study highlighted the potential of temporal-controlled bioactive molecule release technology in the differentiation of stem cells in dentin pulp regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Suja Shrestha
- Discipline of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Anibal Diogenes
- Department of Endodontics, University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio, San Antonio, Texas
| | - Anil Kishen
- Discipline of Endodontics, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ida-Yonemochi H, Nakatomi M, Ohshima H. Establishment of in vitro culture system for evaluating dentin–pulp complex regeneration with special reference to the differentiation capacity of BrdU label-retaining dental pulp cells. Histochem Cell Biol 2014; 142:323-33. [DOI: 10.1007/s00418-014-1200-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/13/2014] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
22
|
About I. Dentin-pulp regeneration: the primordial role of the microenvironment and its modification by traumatic injuries and bioactive materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013. [DOI: 10.1111/etp.12038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
|
23
|
Osathanon T, Sawangmake C, Nowwarote N, Pavasant P. Neurogenic differentiation of human dental pulp stem cells using different induction protocols. Oral Dis 2013; 20:352-8. [PMID: 23651465 DOI: 10.1111/odi.12119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2013] [Revised: 04/03/2013] [Accepted: 04/11/2013] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE An investigation on neuronal differentiation capacity of human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) was still lacking. In this study, two different neuronal induction protocols were investigated and compared. METHODS The neuronal differentiation was induced using chemical or growth factor induction protocol. The differentiation was confirmed by the neurogenic mRNA and protein expression using polymerase chain reaction and immunocytochemistry, respectively. RESULTS Chemical-induced neuronal differentiation protocol promoted morphological change and β3-TUBULIN protein expression. Though, SOX2, SOX9, and β3-TUBULIN mRNA levels were not different compared with the control, indicating a defective differentiation. For growth factor induction protocol, the cells were exhibited neurite-like cellular process and positively stained with β3-TUBULIN. In addition, the increase in intracellular calcium was noted upon NMDA stimulation, implying the neuronal function. A dramatic increased mRNA expression of neurogenic markers [SOX2, SOX9, β3-TUBULIN, and gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA receptors)] was noted as compared to the control. In addition, a remarkable increased expression of Notch signaling target gene, HEY1, was observed in growth factor-induced DPSCs derived neuronal-like cells compared with the control. CONCLUSION These data indicate that growth factor induction method is a preferable protocol for neuronal differentiation by DPSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- T Osathanon
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand; Mineralized Tissue Research Unit, Faculty of Dentistry, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Average cell viability levels of human dental pulp stem cells: an accurate combinatorial index for quality control in tissue engineering. Cytotherapy 2013; 15:507-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2012.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 11/28/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
25
|
Human dental pulp stem cells expressing transforming growth factor β3 transgene for cartilage-like tissue engineering. Cytotherapy 2013; 15:712-25. [PMID: 23474328 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2013.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2012] [Revised: 12/05/2012] [Accepted: 01/14/2013] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS The aim of this study was to engineer sizable three-dimensional cartilage-like constructs using stem cells isolated from human dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs). METHODS Human DPSCs were isolated from teeth extracted for orthodontic treatment and enriched further using immuno-magnetic bead selection for stem cell marker CD146. Chondrogenic lineage differentiation of DPSCs induced using recombinant transforming growth factor β3 (TGFβ3) was verified by pellet culture. Because the use of recombinant proteins is associated with rapid degradation and difficult in vivo administration, we constructed the recombinant adeno-associated viral vector encoding human TGFβ3 and determined the best multiplicity of infection for DPSCs. Transduced DPSCs were seeded on poly-l-lactic acid/polyethylene glycol (PLLA/PEG) electrospun fiber scaffolds demonstrating proper attachment, proliferation and viability as shown by scanning electron microscopy micrographs and CCK-8 cell counting kit. Scaffolds seeded with DPSCs were implanted in the back of nude mice. RESULTS Transduced DPSCs highly expressed human TGFβ3 for up to 48 days and expressed chondrogenic markers collagen IIa1, Sox9 and aggrecan, as verified by immunohistochemistry and messenger RNA (mRNA). Immunohistochemistry for TGFβ3/DPSC constructs (n = 5/group) showed cartilage-like matrix formation with glycosaminoglycans. In vivo constructs with TGFβ3/DPSCs showed higher collagen type II and Sox9 mRNA expression relative to non-transduced DPSC constructs (n = 5/group). Western blot analysis confirmed this expression pattern on the protein level (n = 3/group). CONCLUSIONS Immuno-selected DPSCs can be successfully differentiated toward chondrogenic lineage, while expressing the chondrogenic inducing factor. Seeded on PLLA/PEG electrospun scaffold, human DPSCs formed three-dimensional cartilage constructs that could prove useful in future treatment of cartilage defects.
Collapse
|
26
|
Characterisation of dental pulp stem cells: A new horizon for tissue regeneration? Arch Oral Biol 2012; 57:1439-58. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2012.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 153] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2011] [Revised: 08/09/2012] [Accepted: 08/16/2012] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
|
27
|
Neural crest stem cells from dental tissues: a new hope for dental and neural regeneration. Stem Cells Int 2012; 2012:103503. [PMID: 23093977 PMCID: PMC3472918 DOI: 10.1155/2012/103503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2012] [Revised: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2012] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Several stem cell sources persist in the adult human body, which opens the doors to both allogeneic and autologous cell therapies. Tooth tissues have proven to be a surprisingly rich and accessible source of neural crest-derived ectomesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs), which may be employed to repair disease-affected oral tissues in advanced regenerative dentistry. Additionally, one area of medicine that demands intensive research on new sources of stem cells is nervous system regeneration, since this constitutes a therapeutic hope for patients affected by highly invalidating conditions such as spinal cord injury, stroke, or neurodegenerative diseases. However, endogenous adult sources of neural stem cells present major drawbacks, such as their scarcity and complicated obtention. In this context, EMSCs from dental tissues emerge as good alternative candidates, since they are preserved in adult human individuals, and retain both high proliferation ability and a neural-like phenotype in vitro. In this paper, we discuss some important aspects of tissue regeneration by cell therapy and point out some advantages that EMSCs provide for dental and neural regeneration. We will finally review some of the latest research featuring experimental approaches and benefits of dental stem cell therapy.
Collapse
|
28
|
Wang J, Wei X, Ling J, Huang Y, Gong Q, Huo Y. Identification and characterization of side population cells from adult human dental pulp after ischemic culture. J Endod 2012; 38:1489-97. [PMID: 23063223 DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2011] [Revised: 08/03/2012] [Accepted: 08/06/2012] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Stem cells have been isolated by their ability to efflux Hoechst 33342 dye and are referred to as the side population (SP). Because the lack of specific surface markers has hindered the isolation and subsequent biochemical characterization of dental pulp stem cells, this study sought to determine the existence of SP cells and the expression of ABCG2 in human dental pulp and evaluate whether such SP cells had features associated with stem cells. METHODS First, we defined the localization of the SP in healthy and inflammatory human dental pulp. Then, SP cells were isolated from human dental pulp after ischemic culture with flow cytometry and the Hoechst 33342 dye efflux assay. Sorted cells were subjected to several tests to determine whether the isolated SP cells displayed features consistent with the stem cell phenotype, including the colony-forming capacity, the multilineage differentiation ability in vitro, and the expression of stem cell markers. We also evaluated the effect of long-term culture on the marker ABCG2. RESULTS SP cells in human dental pulp possess mesenchymal stem cell characteristics such as colony-forming efficiency, self-renewal, and multilineage differentiation capabilities and are able to differentiate into odontoblast/osteoblast-like cells, adipocytes, neural-like cells, and endothelial cells. However, under the present conditions, ABCG2 expression decreased along with cell passage. CONCLUSIONS SP cells in human dental pulp were enriched in stem cells compared with main population cells after ischemic culture, suggesting a potential use for these subfractions of human dental pulp stem/progenitor cells in tissue engineering, but the culture condition in vitro should be improved before tissue regeneration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Wang
- Department of Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Guanghua School of Stomatology, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Dai J, Wang J, Lu J, Zou D, Sun H, Dong Y, Yu H, Zhang L, Yang T, Zhang X, Wang X, Shen G. The effect of co-culturing costal chondrocytes and dental pulp stem cells combined with exogenous FGF9 protein on chondrogenesis and ossification in engineered cartilage. Biomaterials 2012; 33:7699-711. [PMID: 22841919 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/08/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs), which arise from cranial neural crest cells, are multipotent, making them a candidate for use in tissue engineering that may be especially useful for craniofacial tissues. Costal chondrocytes (CCs) can be easily obtained and demonstrate higher initial cell yields and expansion than articular chondrocytes. CCs have been found to retain chondrogenic capacity that can effectively repair articular defects. In this study, human CCs were co-cultured with human DPSCs, and the results showed that the CCs were able to supply a chondro-inductive niche that promoted the DPSCs to undergo chondrogenic differentiation and to enhance the formation of cartilage. Although CCs alone could not prevent the mineralization of chondro-differentiated DPSCs, CCs combined with exogenous FGF9 were able to simultaneously promote the chondrogenesis of DPSCs and partially inhibit their mineralization. Furthermore, FGF9 may activate this inhibition by binding to FGFR3 and enhancing the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 in DPSCs. Our results strongly suggest that the co-culture of CCs and DPSCs combined with exogenous FGF9 can simultaneously enhance chondrogenesis and partially inhibit ossification in engineered cartilage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiewen Dai
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai Key Laboratory of Stomatology, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
30
|
Yoshiba N, Yoshiba K, Ohkura N, Shigetani Y, Takei E, Hosoya A, Nakamura H, Okiji T. Immunohistochemical analysis of two stem cell markers of α-smooth muscle actin and STRO-1 during wound healing of human dental pulp. Histochem Cell Biol 2012; 138:583-92. [PMID: 22673840 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-012-0978-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/11/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies have employed two markers, alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) and STRO-1, to detect cells with mesenchymal stem cell properties in dental pulp. The present study aimed to explore the expression profile of α-SMA and STRO-1 in intact dental pulp as well as during wound healing in adult dental pulp tissue. Healthy pulps were mechanically exposed and capped with the clinically used materials MTA (ProRoot White MTA) or Ca(OH)₂ to induce a mineralized barrier at the exposed surface. After 7-42 days, the teeth were extracted and processed for immunohistochemical analysis using antibodies against α-SMA, STRO-1 and nestin (a neurogenic cytoskeletal protein expressed in odontoblasts). In normal pulp, α-SMA was detected in vascular smooth muscle cells and pericytes. Double immunofluorescent staining with STRO-1 and α-SMA showed that STRO-1 was localized in vascular smooth muscle cells, pericytes and endothelial cells, in addition to nerve fibers. During the process of dental pulp healing, numerous α-SMA-positive cells emerged at the wound margin at 14 days, and the initially formed mineralized barrier was lined with α-SMA-positive cells similar in appearance to reparative odontoblasts, some of which co-expressed nestin. STRO-1 was abundant in nerve fibers. In the advanced stage of mineralized barrier formation at 42 days, cells lining the barrier were stained with nestin, and no staining of α-SMA was detected in those cells. These observations indicate that α-SMA-positive cells temporarily appear along the wound margin during the earlier phase of mineralized barrier formation and STRO-1 is confined in vascular and neuronal elements.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nagako Yoshiba
- Division of Cardiology, Operative Dentistry and Endodontics, Department of Oral Health Science, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Chuo-ku, Niigata 951-8514, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
31
|
Isolation and Identification of CXCR4-positive Cells from Human Dental Pulp Cells. J Endod 2012; 38:791-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2012.02.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2011] [Revised: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 02/24/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
32
|
Yang X, Zhang S, Pang X, Fan M. Pro-inflammatory cytokines induce odontogenic differentiation of dental pulp-derived stem cells. J Cell Biochem 2012; 113:669-77. [PMID: 21976040 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.23396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Postnatal dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) represent a unique precursor population in the dental pulp, which have multipotential and harbor great potential for tissue engineering purposes. However, for therapy applications, transplanted cells are often exposed to unfavorable conditions such as cytokines released from necrotic or inflammatory cells in injured tissues. It is not clear how stem cells exposed to these conditions changes in their characteristics. In this study, the effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines, such as IL-1 and TNF, on DPSCs were investigated. Cells were treated with IL-1, TNF, or both for 3, 7, and 12 days. The cultures were evaluated for cell proliferation, ALP activity, and real-time PCR. We found that a short treatment (3 days) of pro-inflammatory cytokines induced the odontogenic differentiation of DPSCs. Furthermore, post 3 days treatment with pro-inflammatory cytokines, the cell-scaffold complexes were implanted subcutaneously in mice for 8 weeks. Histological analysis demonstrated that the cultures gave obviously mineralized tissue formation, especially for both IL-1 and TNF applied. These data suggest that IL-1 and TNF produced in the early inflammatory reaction may induce the mineralization of DPSCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuechao Yang
- Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education and Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, PR China
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhao X, Gong P, Lin Y, Wang J, Yang X, Cai X. Characterization of α-smooth muscle actin positive cells during multilineage differentiation of dental pulp stem cells. Cell Prolif 2012; 45:259-65. [PMID: 22487297 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2184.2012.00818.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2012] [Accepted: 02/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Dental pulp tissue contains stem cells that can differentiate into multiple lineages under specific culture conditions; the origin of these dental pulp stem cells, however, is still unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS Here we have utilized an α-SMA-GFP transgenic mouse model to characterize expression of a-smooth muscle actin (SMA)-GFP in subpassages of pulp-tissue-derived dental pulp cells, as perivascular cells express α-SMA. RESULTS During subculturing, percentages of cells expressing a-SMA increased significantly from passage 1 to 3. α-SMA-GFP-positive cells expanded faster than α-SMA-GFP-negative cells. The dental pulp cells at passage 3 were induced towards osteogenic, adipogenic or chondrogenic differentiation. All three differentiated cell lines expressed high levels of α-SMA (mineralized nodules, lipid droplets and chondrocyte pellets). GFP expression colocalized with differentiated osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondrocytes. Co-culturing the α-SMA-GFP-positive cells with human endothelial cells promoted formation of tube-like structures and robust vascular networks, in 3-D culture. CONCLUSIONS Taken together, the a-SMA-GFP-positive cells were shown to have multilieange differentiation ability and to promote vascularization in a co-culture system with endothelial cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases, West China College of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Srisuwan T, Tilkorn D, Al-Benna S, Vashi A, Penington A, Messer H, Abberton K, Thompson E. Survival of rat functional dental pulp cells in vascularized tissue engineering chambers. Tissue Cell 2012; 44:111-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2011.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2011] [Revised: 12/16/2011] [Accepted: 12/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
35
|
Isolation of the multipotent MSC subpopulation from human gingival fibroblasts by culturing on chitosan membranes. Biomaterials 2012; 33:2642-55. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2011.12.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2011] [Accepted: 12/17/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
36
|
Yang X, Lu Y, Pang X, Zhang S, Fan M. WITHDRAWN: The mesenchymal stem cell potential of human dental pulp derived cells transfected with embryonic transcription factor Oct-4. Biomaterials 2012:S0142-9612(12)00100-7. [PMID: 22353335 DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2012.01.053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2012] [Accepted: 01/29/2012] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
This article has been withdrawn at the request of the author(s) and/or editor. The Publisher apologizes for any inconvenience this may cause. The full Elsevier Policy on Article Withdrawal can be found at http://www.elsevier.com/locate/withdrawalpolicy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuechao Yang
- Key Laboratory for Oral Biomedicine of Ministry of Education & Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University, 237 Luoyu Road, 430079 Wuhan, PR China
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Zanatta G, Steffens D, Braghirolli DI, Fernandes RA, Netto CA, Pranke P. Viability of mesenchymal stem cells during electrospinning. Braz J Med Biol Res 2011; 45:125-30. [PMID: 22183245 PMCID: PMC3854255 DOI: 10.1590/s0100-879x2011007500163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2011] [Accepted: 12/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Tissue engineering is a technique by which a live tissue can be re-constructed and one of its main goals is to associate cells with biomaterials. Electrospinning is a technique that facilitates the production of nanofibers and is commonly used to develop fibrous scaffolds to be used in tissue engineering. In the present study, a different approach for cell incorporation into fibrous scaffolds was tested. Mesenchymal stem cells were extracted from the wall of the umbilical cord and mononuclear cells from umbilical cord blood. Cells were re-suspended in a 10% polyvinyl alcohol solution and subjected to electrospinning for 30 min under a voltage of 21 kV. Cell viability was assessed before and after the procedure by exclusion of dead cells using trypan blue staining. Fiber diameter was observed by scanning electron microscopy and the presence of cells within the scaffolds was analyzed by confocal laser scanning microscopy. After electrospinning, the viability of mesenchymal stem cells was reduced from 88 to 19.6% and the viability of mononuclear cells from 99 to 8.38%. The loss of viability was possibly due to the high viscosity of the polymer solution, which reduced the access to nutrients associated with electric and mechanical stress during electrospinning. These results suggest that the incorporation of cells during fiber formation by electrospinning is a viable process that needs more investigation in order to find ways to protect cells from damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- G Zanatta
- Laboratório de Hematologia e Células-tronco, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brasil
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
38
|
Trevino EG, Patwardhan AN, Henry MA, Perry G, Dybdal-Hargreaves N, Hargreaves KM, Diogenes A. Effect of Irrigants on the Survival of Human Stem Cells of the Apical Papilla in a Platelet-rich Plasma Scaffold in Human Root Tips. J Endod 2011; 37:1109-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.joen.2011.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 227] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2010] [Revised: 05/06/2011] [Accepted: 05/09/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
39
|
Retracted: Effects of pro-inflammatory cytokines on mineralization potential of rat dental pulp stem cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2011; 5:759. [PMID: 21748857 DOI: 10.1002/term.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Accepted: 05/12/2011] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
The following article from the Journal of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, 'Effects of Pro-inflammatory Cytokines on Mineralization Potential of Rat Dental Pulp Stem Cells' by Yang X, Walboomers XF, Bian Z, Jansen JA, Fan M, published online on 11 July 2011 in Wiley Online Library (onlinelibrary.wiley.com), has been retracted by agreement between the authors, the journal Editor-in-Chief, and John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. The retraction has been agreed due to two authors (Walboomers XF, and Jansen JA) not having been involved in the research described, nor made aware of their names being listed on the manuscript, nor told of its submission to the journal.
Collapse
|
40
|
Guimarães ET, Cruz GS, de Jesus AA, Lacerda de Carvalho AF, Rogatto SR, Pereira LDV, Ribeiro-dos-Santos R, Soares MBP. Mesenchymal and embryonic characteristics of stem cells obtained from mouse dental pulp. Arch Oral Biol 2011; 56:1247-55. [PMID: 21683341 DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2010] [Revised: 04/27/2011] [Accepted: 05/18/2011] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Several studies have demonstrated that human dental pulp is a source of mesenchymal stem cells. To better understand the biological properties of these cells we isolated and characterized stem cells from the dental pulp of EGFP transgenic mice. METHODS The pulp tissue was gently separated from the roots of teeth extracted from C57BL/6 mice, and cultured under appropriate conditions. Flow cytometry, RT-PCR, light microscopy (staining for alkaline phosphatase) and immunofluorescence were used to investigate the expression of stem cell markers. The presence of chromosomal abnormalities was evaluated by G banding. RESULTS The mouse dental pulp stem cells (mDPSC) were highly proliferative, plastic-adherent, and exhibited a polymorphic morphology predominantly with stellate or fusiform shapes. The presence of cell clusters was observed in cultures of mDPSC. Some cells were positive for alkaline phosphatase. The karyotype was normal until the 5th passage. The Pou5f1/Oct-4 and ZFP42/Rex-1, but not Nanog transcripts were detected in mDPSC. Flow cytometry and fluorescence analyses revealed the presence of a heterogeneous population positive for embryonic and mesenchymal cell markers. Adipogenic, chondrogenic and osteogenic differentiation was achieved after two weeks of cell culture under chemically defined in vitro conditions. In addition, some elongated cells spontaneously acquired a contraction capacity. CONCLUSIONS Our results reinforce that the dental pulp is an important source of adult stem cells and encourage studies on therapeutic potential of mDPSC in experimental disease models.
Collapse
|
41
|
Shao MY, Fu ZS, Cheng R, Yang H, Cheng L, Wang FM, Hu T. The presence of open dentinal tubules affects the biological properties of dental pulp cells ex vivo. Mol Cells 2011; 31:65-71. [PMID: 21120627 PMCID: PMC3906866 DOI: 10.1007/s10059-011-0010-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2010] [Revised: 10/20/2010] [Accepted: 10/21/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To investigate the effects of open dentinal tubules on the morphological and functional characteristics of dental pulp cells. Morphological changes in human dental pulp cells that were seeded onto dentin discs with open dentinal tubules were investigated on days 1, 2, 4, and 10 of culture using scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy. Samples collected on days 1, 3, 6, 8, and 10 of culture were evaluated for cell proliferation rate and alkaline phosphatase activity. Cultured human dental pulp cells developed a columnar or polygonal morphology and monopolar cytoplasmic processes that extended into the dentinal tubules. The cells formed a multilayer and secreted an extracellular matrix onto the cell surface. Scanning electron microscopy and fluorescence microscopy revealed polarized organization of odontoblasts. Cells seeded onto dentin discs proliferated minimally but showed high levels of ALP activity. Dental pulp cells seeded onto treated dentin discs develop an odontoblastlike phenotype, which may be a potential alternative for use in experimental research on dentinogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Zhong-Sen Fu
- Affiliated Stomatological Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Williams R, Khan IM, Richardson K, Nelson L, McCarthy HE, Analbelsi T, Singhrao SK, Dowthwaite GP, Jones RE, Baird DM, Lewis H, Roberts S, Shaw HM, Dudhia J, Fairclough J, Briggs T, Archer CW. Identification and clonal characterisation of a progenitor cell sub-population in normal human articular cartilage. PLoS One 2010; 5:e13246. [PMID: 20976230 PMCID: PMC2954799 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0013246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 271] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2010] [Accepted: 09/10/2010] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Articular cartilage displays a poor repair capacity. The aim of cell-based therapies for cartilage defects is to repair damaged joint surfaces with a functional replacement tissue. Currently, chondrocytes removed from a healthy region of the cartilage are used but they are unable to retain their phenotype in expanded culture. The resulting repair tissue is fibrocartilaginous rather than hyaline, potentially compromising long-term repair. Mesenchymal stem cells, particularly bone marrow stromal cells (BMSC), are of interest for cartilage repair due to their inherent replicative potential. However, chondrocyte differentiated BMSCs display an endochondral phenotype, that is, can terminally differentiate and form a calcified matrix, leading to failure in long-term defect repair. Here, we investigate the isolation and characterisation of a human cartilage progenitor population that is resident within permanent adult articular cartilage. Methods and Findings Human articular cartilage samples were digested and clonal populations isolated using a differential adhesion assay to fibronectin. Clonal cell lines were expanded in growth media to high population doublings and karyotype analysis performed. We present data to show that this cell population demonstrates a restricted differential potential during chondrogenic induction in a 3D pellet culture system. Furthermore, evidence of high telomerase activity and maintenance of telomere length, characteristic of a mesenchymal stem cell population, were observed in this clonal cell population. Lastly, as proof of principle, we carried out a pilot repair study in a goat in vivo model demonstrating the ability of goat cartilage progenitors to form a cartilage-like repair tissue in a chondral defect. Conclusions In conclusion, we propose that we have identified and characterised a novel cartilage progenitor population resident in human articular cartilage which will greatly benefit future cell-based cartilage repair therapies due to its ability to maintain chondrogenicity upon extensive expansion unlike full-depth chondrocytes that lose this ability at only seven population doublings.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca Williams
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Ilyas M. Khan
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Kirsty Richardson
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Larissa Nelson
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Helen E. McCarthy
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Talal Analbelsi
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Sim K. Singhrao
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Gary P. Dowthwaite
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Rhiannon E. Jones
- Department of Pathology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Duncan M. Baird
- Department of Pathology, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Holly Lewis
- Cytogenetics Department, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Selwyn Roberts
- Cytogenetics Department, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Hannah M. Shaw
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Jayesh Dudhia
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, North Mymms, United Kingdom
| | - John Fairclough
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Timothy Briggs
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, United Kingdom
| | - Charles W. Archer
- Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Abstract
The continuous growth of rodent incisors requires the presence of stem cells capable of generating ameloblasts and odontoblasts. While epithelial stem cells giving rise to ameloblasts have been well-characterized, cells giving rise to the odontoblasts in incisors have not been fully characterized. The goal of this study was to gain insight into the potential population in dental pulps of unerupted and erupted incisors that give rise to odontoblasts. We show that pulps from unerupted incisors contain a significant mesenchymal-stem-cell (MSC)-like population (cells expressing CD90+/CD45-, CD117+/CD45-, Sca-1+/CD45-) and few CD45+ cells. Our in vitro studies showed that these cells displayed extensive osteo-dentinogenic potential, but were unable to differentiate into chondrocytes and adipocytes. Dental pulps from erupted incisors displayed increased percentages of CD45+ and decreased percentages of cells expressing markers of an MSC-like population. Despite these differences, pulps from erupted incisors also displayed extensive osteo-dentinogenic potential and inability to differentiate into chondrocytes and adipocytes. These results provide evidence that continuous generation of odontoblasts and dentin on the labial and lingual sides of unerupted and erupted incisors is supported by a progenitor population and not multipotent MSCs in the dental pulp.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- A Balic
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06030, USA
| | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Balic A, Aguila HL, Caimano MJ, Francone VP, Mina M. Characterization of stem and progenitor cells in the dental pulp of erupted and unerupted murine molars. Bone 2010; 46:1639-51. [PMID: 20193787 PMCID: PMC2881695 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2010.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Revised: 02/12/2010] [Accepted: 02/18/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In the past few years there have been significant advances in the identification of putative stem cells also referred to as "mesenchymal stem cells" (MSC) in dental tissues including the dental pulp. It is thought that MSC in dental pulp share certain similarities with MSC isolated from other tissues. However, cells in dental pulp are still poorly characterized. This study focused on the characterization of progenitor and stem cells in dental pulps of erupted and unerupted mice molars. Our study showed that dental pulps from unerupted molars contain a significant number of cells expressing CD90+/CD45-, CD117+/CD45-, Sca-1+/CD45- and little if any CD45+ cells. Our in vitro functional studies showed that dental pulp cells from unerupted molars displayed extensive osteo-dentinogenic potential but were unable to differentiate into chondrocytes and adipocytes. Dental pulps from erupted molars displayed a reduced number of cells, contained a higher percentage of CD45+ and a lower percentage of cells expressing CD90+/CD45-, CD117+/CD45- as compared to unerupted molars. In vitro functional assays demonstrated the ability of a small fraction of cells to differentiate into odontoblasts, osteoblasts, adipocytes and chondrocytes. There was a significant reduction in the osteo-dentinogenic potential of the pulp cells derived from erupted molars compared to unerupted molars. Furthermore, the adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation of pulp cells from erupted molars was dependent on a long induction period and were infrequent. Based on these findings we propose that the dental pulp of the erupted molars contain a small population of multipotent cells, whereas the dental pulp of the unerupted molars does not contain multipotent cells but is enriched in osteo-dentinogenic progenitors engaged in the formation of coronal and radicular odontoblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria Balic
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
| | - H. Leonardo Aguila
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
| | - Melissa J. Caimano
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
| | - Victor P. Francone
- Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
| | - Mina Mina
- Department of Craniofacial Sciences, School of Dental Medicine, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Yang X, Walboomers XF, van den Beucken JJJP, Bian Z, Fan M, Jansen JA. Hard tissue formation of STRO-1-selected rat dental pulp stem cells in vivo. Tissue Eng Part A 2009; 15:367-75. [PMID: 18652538 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2008.0133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to examine hard tissue formation of STRO-1-selected rat dental pulp-derived stem cells, seeded into a calcium phosphate ceramic scaffold, and implanted subcutaneously in mice. Previously, STRO-1 selection was used to obtain a mesenchymal stem cell progenitor subpopulation from primary dental pulp-derived stem cells. In the current study, these cells were cultured with three different media: "BMP-plus" medium containing dexamethasone and 100 ng/mL of rhBMP-2, "odontogenic" medium containing dexamethasone, and "control" medium without supplements. The cell-scaffold complexes were cultured in these media for 1, 4, or 8 days before implantation. Histological analysis demonstrated that the cultures with BMP-plus and 4 days of culture gave the highest percentage of hard tissue formation per implant (36 +/- 9% of pore area). Real-time PCR confirmed these results. In conclusion, STRO-1-selected dental pulp stem cells show effective hard tissue formation in vivo, and a short in vitro culture period and addition of BMP-2 can enhance this effect.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuechao Yang
- Department of Periodontology and Biomaterials, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Kaneko R, Akita H, Shimauchi H, Sasano Y. Immunohistochemical localization of the STRO-1 antigen in developing rat teeth by light microscopy and electron microscopy. JOURNAL OF ELECTRON MICROSCOPY 2009; 58:363-373. [PMID: 19525367 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfp029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
STRO-1 is a cell-surface antigen. A cell population that is positive for the anti-STRO-1 antibody has been shown to contain mesenchymal stem cells. STRO-1-positive cells have been reported to reside in dental pulp and periodontal ligaments as well as in bone marrow. However, the tissue localization of STRO-1 in developing teeth is not clear. The present study was designed to investigate the spatiotemporal localization of STRO-1 in developing rat teeth by immunohistochemistry using light microscopy and electron microscopy. Wistar rats at ages 2, 3, 6 and 12 weeks postnatum and embryos at 18 days postcoitum were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde. Mandibles and maxillae were resected and decalcified in 10% EDTA. The specimens were embedded in paraffin, and sections were cut and processed for immunohistochemistry using the anti-STRO-1 antibody. Selected specimens were frozen, sectioned and processed for immunoelectron microscopy. Immunoreactions for STRO-1 were identified in some bone marrow cells. Some odontoblasts and dental pulp cells showed positive immunoreactivity in developing rat tooth crowns and roots. Alveolar osteoblasts, cementoblasts and periodontal ligament cells were also immunoreactive. Electron microscopy localized the antigen in plasma membrane and some vesicles in dental pulp cells and odontoblasts. The study suggests that the STRO-1 antigen is involved in the differentiation of mesenchymal cell lineages and formation of the matrix in dental tissues.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryuta Kaneko
- Division of Periodontology and Endodontology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Dentistry, Sendai, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Yang X, van der Kraan P, Bian Z, Fan M, Walboomers X, Jansen J. Mineralized Tissue Formation by BMP2-transfected Pulp Stem Cells. J Dent Res 2009; 88:1020-5. [DOI: 10.1177/0022034509346258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Previously, in vitro differentiation of odontoblasts was shown for dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) transfected with bone morphogenetic protein-2 ( Bmp2). For this study, we hypothesized that such cells also show potential for mineralized tissue formation in vivo. DPSCs were transfected with Bmp2 and seeded onto a ceramic scaffold. These complexes were cultured in medium without dexamethasone, and thereafter placed subcutaneously in nude mice for 1, 4, and 12 weeks. Samples were evaluated by histology and real-time PCR for osteocalcin, bone sialoprotein, dentin sialophosphoprotein, and dentin matrix protein 1. Results indicated that only the transfected DPSCs showed obvious mineralized tissue generation, and 12 weeks of implantation gave the highest percentage of mineralized tissue formation (33 ± 7.3% of implant pore area). Real-time PCR confirmed these results. In conclusion, Bmp2-transfected DPSCs effectively show mineralized tissue formation upon ectopic implantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- X. Yang
- Key Lab for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education and
Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University,
Wuhan, Hubei Province, P.R. China
- Department of Periodontology and Biomaterials, Radboud University
Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and
- Experimental Rheumatology and Advanced Therapeutics, Radboud
University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - P.M. van der Kraan
- Key Lab for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education and
Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University,
Wuhan, Hubei Province, P.R. China
- Department of Periodontology and Biomaterials, Radboud University
Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and
- Experimental Rheumatology and Advanced Therapeutics, Radboud
University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Z. Bian
- Key Lab for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education and
Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University,
Wuhan, Hubei Province, P.R. China
- Department of Periodontology and Biomaterials, Radboud University
Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and
- Experimental Rheumatology and Advanced Therapeutics, Radboud
University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - M. Fan
- Key Lab for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education and
Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University,
Wuhan, Hubei Province, P.R. China
- Department of Periodontology and Biomaterials, Radboud University
Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and
- Experimental Rheumatology and Advanced Therapeutics, Radboud
University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - X.F. Walboomers
- Key Lab for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education and
Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University,
Wuhan, Hubei Province, P.R. China
- Department of Periodontology and Biomaterials, Radboud University
Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and
- Experimental Rheumatology and Advanced Therapeutics, Radboud
University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - J.A. Jansen
- Key Lab for Oral Biomedical Engineering of Ministry of Education and
Department of Endodontics, School and Hospital of Stomatology, Wuhan University,
Wuhan, Hubei Province, P.R. China
- Department of Periodontology and Biomaterials, Radboud University
Nijmegen Medical Centre, P.O. Box 9101, 6500 HB Nijmegen, The Netherlands; and
- Experimental Rheumatology and Advanced Therapeutics, Radboud
University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Phenotype and behaviour of dental pulp cells during expansion culture. Arch Oral Biol 2009; 54:898-908. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archoralbio.2009.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2009] [Revised: 06/23/2009] [Accepted: 06/25/2009] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
|
49
|
Abstract
INTRODUCTION It is now accepted that progenitor/stem cells reside within the post-natal dental pulp. Studies have identified several niches of multipotent mesenchymal progenitor cells, known as dental pulp stem cells, which have a high proliferative potential for self-renewal. These progenitor stem cells are now recognized as being vital to the dentine regeneration process following injury. Understanding the nature of these progenitor/stem cell populations in the pulp is important in determining their potentialities and development of isolation or recruitment strategies for use in regeneration and tissue engineering. Characterization of these cells, and determination of their potentialities in terms of specificity of regenerative response, may help direct new clinical treatment modalities. Such novel treatments may involve controlled direct recruitment of the cells in situ and possible seeding of stem cells at sites of injury for regeneration or use of the stem cells with appropriate scaffolds for tissue engineering solutions. Such approaches may provide an innovative and novel biologically based new generation of clinical materials and/or treatments for dental disease. AIM This study aimed to review the body of knowledge relating to stem cells and to consider the possibility of these cell populations, and related technology, in future clinical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alastair J Sloan
- Mineralised Tissue Research Group, Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Dentistry, School of Dentistry Cardiff University, Cardiff, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Graziano A, d'Aquino R, Laino G, Papaccio G. Dental pulp stem cells: a promising tool for bone regeneration. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 4:21-6. [PMID: 18300003 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-008-9013-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Human tissues are different in term of regenerative properties. Stem cells are a promising tool for tissue regeneration, thanks to their particular characteristics of proliferation, differentiation and plasticity. Several "loci" or "niches" within the adult human body are colonized by a significant number of stem cells. However, access to these potential collection sites often is a limiting point. The interaction with biomaterials is a further point that needs to be considered for the therapeutic use of stem cells. Dental pulp stem cells (DPSCs) have been demonstrated to answer all of these issues: access to the collection site of these cells is easy and produces very low morbidity; extraction of stem cells from pulp tissue is highly efficiency; they have an extensive differentiation ability; and the demonstrated interactivity with biomaterials makes them ideal for tissue reconstruction. SBP-DPSCs are a multipotent stem cell subpopulation of DPSCs which are able to differentiate into osteoblasts, synthesizing 3D woven bone tissue chips in vitro and that are capable to synergically differentiate into osteoblasts and endotheliocytes. Several studied have been performed on DPSCs and they mainly found that these cells are multipotent stromal cells that can be safety cryopreserved, used with several scaffolds, that can extensively proliferate, have a long lifespan and build in vivo an adult bone with Havers channels and an appropriate vascularization. A definitive proof of their ability to produce dentin has not been yet done. Interestingly, they seem to possess immunoprivileges as they can be grafted into allogenic tissues and seem to exert anti-inflammatory abilities, like many other mesenchymal stem cells. The easy management of dental pulp stem cells make them feasible for use in clinical trials on human patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Graziano
- Dipartimento di Discipline Odontostomatologiche, Ortodontiche e Chirurgiche, Secondo Ateneo di Napoli (Italy), Naples, Italy
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|