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Heichel DL, Burke KA. Enhancing the Carboxylation Efficiency of Silk Fibroin through the Disruption of Noncovalent Interactions. Bioconjug Chem 2020; 31:1307-1312. [PMID: 32378886 DOI: 10.1021/acs.bioconjchem.0c00168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
Silk fibroin is a semicrystalline protein used as a renewable polymer source and as a biomaterial platform, but existing methods to synthetically modify fibroin suffer from low efficiencies that can limit the protein's utility. This work reports on a mild synthesis that results in a 2-fold increase in carboxylation through the disruption of noncovalent interactions during the reaction. Importantly, silk fibroin maintains its ability to form β-sheets that are critical for tailoring mechanical and degradation properties, as well as for rendering solid constructs (e.g., films and scaffolds) insoluble in water. Increasing carboxyl functionalization affords control over protein charge, which permits tailoring the loading and release of small molecules using electrostatic interactions. Disruption of noncovalent interactions during aqueous carbodiimide coupling also significantly enhances conjugation efficiency of molecules containing primary amine groups, thus enabling high degrees of functionalization with biological molecules, such as proteins and peptides, for biomaterial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle L Heichel
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Road Unit 3136, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3136, United States
| | - Kelly A Burke
- Polymer Program, Institute of Materials Science, University of Connecticut, 97 North Eagleville Road Unit 3136, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3136, United States.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Connecticut, 191 Auditorium Road Unit 3222, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3222, United States.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Connecticut, 260 Glenbrook Road Unit 3247, Storrs, Connecticut 06269-3247, United States
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2
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Laomeephol C, Guedes M, Ferreira H, Reis RL, Kanokpanont S, Damrongsakkul S, Neves NM. Phospholipid-induced silk fibroin hydrogels and their potential as cell carriers for tissue regeneration. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 14:160-172. [PMID: 31671250 DOI: 10.1002/term.2982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Silk fibroin (SF) hydrogels can be obtained via self-assembly, but this process takes several days or weeks, being unfeasible to produce cell carrier hydrogels. In this work, a phospholipid, namely, 1,2-dimyristoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-(1'-rac-glycerol) sodium salt (DMPG), was used to induce and accelerate the gelation process of SF solutions. Due to the amphipathic nature and negative charge of DMPG, electrostatic and hydrophobic interactions between the phospholipids and SF chains will occur, inducing the structural transition of SF chains to the beta sheet and consequently a rapid gel formation is observed (less than 50 min). Moreover, the gelation time can be controlled by varying the lipid concentration. To assess the potential of the hydrogels as cell carriers, several mammalian cell lines, including L929, NIH/3T3, SaOS-2, and CaSki, were encapsulated into the hydrogel. The silk-based hydrogels supported the normal growth of fibroblasts, corroborating their cytocompatibility. Interestingly, an inhibition in the growth of cancer-derived cell lines was observed. Therefore, DMPG-induced SF hydrogels can be successfully used as a 3D platform for in situ cell encapsulation, opening promising opportunities in biomedical applications, such as in cell therapies and tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chavee Laomeephol
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Biomaterial Engineering for Medical and Health Research Unit, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Marta Guedes
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Helena Ferreira
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Rui L Reis
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
| | - Sorada Kanokpanont
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Biomaterial Engineering for Medical and Health Research Unit, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Siriporn Damrongsakkul
- Biomedical Engineering Program, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Biomaterial Engineering for Medical and Health Research Unit, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand.,Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok, Thailand
| | - Nuno M Neves
- 3B's Research Group, I3Bs-Research Institute on Biomaterials, Biodegradables and Biomimetics, University of Minho, Headquarters of the European Institute of Excellence on Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Guimarães, Portugal.,ICVS/3B's-PT Government Associate Laboratory, Braga/Guimarães, Portugal.,The Discoveries Centre for Regenerative and Precision Medicine, Headquarters at University of Minho, Guimarães, Portugal
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4
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Singh SK, Bhunia BK, Bhardwaj N, Gilotra S, Mandal BB. Reloadable Silk-Hydrogel Hybrid Scaffolds for Sustained and Targeted Delivery of Molecules. Mol Pharm 2016; 13:4066-4081. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.6b00672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Saket Kumar Singh
- Biomaterial
and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, India
| | - Bibhas Kumar Bhunia
- Biomaterial
and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, India
| | - Nandana Bhardwaj
- Biological
and Chemical Sciences Section, Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology, Guwahati 781 035, India
| | - Sween Gilotra
- Biomaterial
and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, India
| | - Biman B. Mandal
- Biomaterial
and Tissue Engineering Laboratory, Department of Biosciences and Bioengineering, Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati, Guwahati 781 039, India
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