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Albamonte MI, Vitullo AD. Preservation of fertility in female and male prepubertal patients diagnosed with cancer. J Assist Reprod Genet 2023; 40:2755-2767. [PMID: 37770817 PMCID: PMC10656407 DOI: 10.1007/s10815-023-02945-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Over the past two decades, the importance of fertility preservation has grown not only in the realm of medical and clinical patient care, but also in the field of basic and applied research in human reproduction. With advancements in cancer treatments resulting in higher rates of patient survival, it is crucial to consider the quality of life post-cure. Therefore, fertility preservation must be taken into account prior to antitumor treatments, as it can significantly impact a patient's future fertility. For postpubertal patients, gamete cryopreservation is the most commonly employed preservation strategy. However, for prepubertal patients, the situation is more intricate. Presently, ovarian tissue cryopreservation is the standard practice for prepubertal girls, but further scientific evidence is required in several aspects. Testicular tissue cryopreservation, on the other hand, is still experimental for prepubertal boys. The primary aim of this review is to address the strategies available for possible fertility preservation in prepubertal girls and boys, such as ovarian cryopreservation/transplantation, in vitro follicle culture and meiotic maturation, artificial ovary, transplantation of cryopreserved spermatogonia, and cryopreservation/grafting of immature testicular tissue and testicular organoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Itatí Albamonte
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos Básicos, Aplicados y Desarrollo (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, Hidalgo 775, C1405BCK, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Alfredo D Vitullo
- Centro de Estudios Biomédicos Básicos, Aplicados y Desarrollo (CEBBAD), Universidad Maimónides, Hidalgo 775, C1405BCK, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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Kim YY, Yun JW, Kim SW, Kim H, Kang BC, Ku SY. Synergistic Promoting Effects of X-Linked Inhibitor of Apoptosis Protein and Matrix on the In Vitro Follicular Maturation of Marmoset Follicles. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2021; 19:93-103. [PMID: 34741748 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-021-00387-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vitro follicular maturation (IVFM) of ovarian follicles is an emerging option for fertility preservation. Many paracrine factors and two-dimensional or three-dimensional (3D) environments have been used for optimization. However, since most studies were conducted using the murine model, the physiological differences between mice and humans limit the interpretation and adaptation of the results. Marmoset monkey is a non-human primate (NHPs) with more similar reproductive physiology to humans. In this study, we attempted to establish a 3D matrix (Matrtigel)-based IVFM condition for marmoset ovarian follicles in combination with anti-apoptotic factor, X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP). METHODS Marmoset follicles were isolated as individual follicles and cultured in a single drop with the addition of 0, 10, and 100 μg/mL of XIAP molecules. Matured oocytes and granulosa cells from mature follicles were collected and analyzed. The average number of isolated follicles was less than 100, and primordial and antral follicles were abundant in the ovaries. RESULTS IVFM of marmoset follicles in 3D matrix conditions with XIAP increased the rates of survival and in vitro follicle development. Furthermore, oocytes from the 3D cultures were successfully fertilized and developed in vitro. The addition of XIAP increased the secretion of estradiol and aromatase. Furthermore, expression of granulosa-specific genes, such as bone morphogenetic protein 15, Oct4, and follicle-stimulating hormone receptor were upregulated in the in vitro-matured follicles than in normal, well-grown, and atretic follicles. Apoptosis-related B-cell lymphoma-2 was highly expressed in the atretic follicles than in the XIAP-treated follicles, and higher caspase-3 was localized in the XIAP-treated follicles. CONCLUSION In this study, we attempted to establish a 3D-matrix-based marmoset IVFM condition and demonstrated the synergistic effects of XIAP. The use of a 3D matrix may be applied as an optimal culture condition for marmoset ovarian follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Young Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Jun-Won Yun
- Department of Medical and Biological Sciences, The Catholic University of Korea, 327 Sosa-ro, Bucheon, 14662, Korea
| | - Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Byeong-Cheol Kang
- Department of Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea
| | - Seung-Yup Ku
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea. .,Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080, Korea.
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Transcriptome Analyses Identify Potential Key microRNAs and Their Target Genes Contributing to Ovarian Reserve. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910819. [PMID: 34639162 PMCID: PMC8509654 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2021] [Revised: 09/13/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Female endocrinological symptoms, such as premature ovarian inefficiency (POI) are caused by diminished ovarian reserve and chemotherapy. The etiology of POI remains unknown, but this can lead to infertility. This has accelerated the search for master regulator genes or other molecules that contribute as enhancers or silencers. The impact of regulatory microRNAs (miRNAs) on POI has gained attention; however, their regulatory function in this condition is not well known. RNA sequencing was performed at four stages, 2-(2 W), 6-(6 W), 15-(15 W), and 20-(20 W) weeks, on ovarian tissue samples and 5058 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified. Gene expression and enrichment were analyzed based on the gene ontology and KEGG databases, and their association with other proteins was assessed using the STRING database. Gene set enrichment analysis was performed to identify the key target genes. The DEGs were most highly enriched in 6 W and 15 W groups. Figla, GDF9, Nobox, and Pou51 were significantly in-creased at 2 W compared with levels at 6 W and 20 W, whereas the expression of Foxo1, Inha, and Taf4b was significantly de-creased at 20 W. Ccnd2 and Igf1 expression was maintained at similar levels in each stage. In total, 27 genes were upregulated and 26 genes interacted with miRNAs; moreover, stage-specific upregulated and downregulated interactions were demonstrated. Increased and decreased miRNAs were identified at each stage in the ovaries. The constitutively expressed genes, Ccnd2 and Igf1, were identified as the major targets of many miRNAs (p < 0.05), and Fshr and Foxo3 interacted with miRNAs, namely mmu-miR-670-3p and mmu-miR-153-3p. miR-26a-5p interacted with Piwil2, and its target genes were downregulated in the 20 W mouse ovary. In this study, we aimed to identify key miRNAs and their target genes encompassing the reproductive span of mouse ovaries using mRNA and miRNA sequencing. These results indicated that gene sets are regulated in the reproductive stage-specific manner via interaction with miRNAs. Furthermore, consistent expression of Ccnd2 and Igf1 is considered crucial for the ovarian reserve and is regulated by many interactive miRNAs.
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Khaleghi S, Fathi R, Eivazkhani F, Moini A, Novin MG, Ebrahimi B, Nazarian H. Two-Decade Experience of Royan Institute in Obtaining Mature Oocyte from Cryopreserved Ovarian Tissue: In Vitro and In Vivo Approaches. Reprod Sci 2021; 29:1685-1696. [PMID: 34533785 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00728-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Ovarian tissue cryopreservation (OTC) holds promise for preservation of fertility among women who have lost their fertility due to diseases such as cancer. OTC has significantly assisted such cases by helping them maintain normal hormonal levels and menstrual cycles. Appropriate strategies to develop and extract mature oocytes from OTC could overcome a range of complications that are associated with ovarian dysfunction, caused by aging, and primary or secondary ovarian insufficiency. Scientists from different departments at The Royan Institute (Tehran, Iran) have been conducting studies to find the best way to extract mature oocytes from animal and human cryopreserved ovarian tissues. The various studies conducted in this area in the past 20 years, by researchers of the Royan Institute, are collated and provided in this review, in order to provide an idea of where we are now in the area of fertility preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Khaleghi
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rouhollah Fathi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Farideh Eivazkhani
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ashraf Moini
- Department of Endocrinology and Female Infertility, Royan Institute of Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran.,Breast Disease Research Center (BDRC), Tehran University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran
| | - Marefat Ghaffari Novin
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bita Ebrahimi
- Department of Embryology, Reproductive Biomedicine Research Center, Royan Institute for Reproductive Biomedicine, ACECR, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Nazarian
- Department of Biology and Anatomical Sciences, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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Kim SW, Kim YY, Kim H, Ku SY. Recent Advancements in Engineered Biomaterials for the Regeneration of Female Reproductive Organs. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:1612-1625. [PMID: 33797052 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00553-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Various gynecologic diseases and chemoradiation or surgery for the management of gynecologic malignancies may damage the uterus and ovaries, leading to clinical problems such as infertility or early menopause. Embryo or oocyte cryopreservation-the standard method for fertility preservation-is not a feasible option for patients who require urgent treatment because the procedure requires ovarian stimulation for at least several days. Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for patients diagnosed with premature menopause is contraindicated for patients with estrogen-dependent tumors or a history of thrombosis. Furthermore, these methods cannot restore the function of the uterus and ovaries. Although autologous transplantation of cryopreserved ovarian tissue is being attempted, it may re-introduce malignant cells after cancer treatment. With the recent development in regenerative medicine, research on engineered biomaterials for the restoration of female reproductive organs is being actively conducted. The use of engineered biomaterials is a promising option in the field of reproductive medicine because it can overcome the limitations of current therapies. Here, we review the ideal properties of biomaterials for reproductive tissue engineering and the recent advancements in engineered biomaterials for the regeneration of female reproductive organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon Young Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, South Korea. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, South Korea. .,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea. .,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, 2024 E. Monument St, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
| | - Seung-Yup Ku
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
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Chen J, Todorov P, Isachenko E, Rahimi G, Mallmann P, Isachenko V. Construction and cryopreservation of an artificial ovary in cancer patients as an element of cancer therapy and a promising approach to fertility restoration. HUM FERTIL 2021; 25:651-661. [PMID: 33648431 DOI: 10.1080/14647273.2021.1885756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The proportion of cancer patients that survive is increasing because of improvements in cancer therapy. However, some cancer treatments, such as chemo- and radio-therapies, can cause considerable damage to reproductive function. The issue of fertility is paramount for women of childbearing age once they are cured from cancer. For those patients with prepubertal or haematogenous cancer, the possibilities of conventional fertility treatments, such as oocyte or embryo cryopreservation and transplantation, are limited. Moreover, ovarian tissue cryopreservation as an alternative to fertility preservation has limitations, with a risk of re-implanting malignant cells in patients who have recovered from potentially fatal malignant disease. One possible way to restore fertility in these patients is to mimic artificially the function of the natural organ, the ovary, by grafting isolated follicles embedded in a biological scaffold to their native environment. Construction and cryopreservation of an artificial ovary might offer a safer alternative option to restore fertility for those who cannot benefit from traditional fertility preservation techniques. This review considers the protocols for constructing an artificial ovary, summarises advances in the field with potential clinical application, and discusses future trends for cryopreservation of these artificial constructions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Chen
- University Maternal Hospital, Research Group for Reproductive Medicine and IVF-Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Plamen Todorov
- Institute of Biology and Immunology of Reproduction, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - Evgenia Isachenko
- University Maternal Hospital, Research Group for Reproductive Medicine and IVF-Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Gohar Rahimi
- University Maternal Hospital, Research Group for Reproductive Medicine and IVF-Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Peter Mallmann
- University Maternal Hospital, Research Group for Reproductive Medicine and IVF-Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany
| | - Vladimir Isachenko
- University Maternal Hospital, Research Group for Reproductive Medicine and IVF-Laboratory, Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cologne University, Cologne, Germany
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Liu F, Yang G, Guo R, Xue L, Wang L, Guo J, Yang X. Increased levels of angiotensin II type 1 receptor autoantibodies in female infertility. Syst Biol Reprod Med 2020; 67:160-167. [PMID: 33073626 DOI: 10.1080/19396368.2020.1829172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, the level of serum anti-angiotensin II type 1 receptor autoantibodies (AT1-AA) was determined. It was found that the positive rate of AT1-AA in serum of infertile women is higher than that of healthy non-pregnant women. Spearman correlation analysis showed that AT1-AA was negatively correlated with oocyte maturation rate (r = -0.29, P < 0.01) and AT1-AA was positively correlated with IL-6 (r = 0.68, P < 0.01). Logistic regression analysis showed that age, BMI, type of infertility, years of infertility, history of poor pregnancy outcome, condition of fallopian tube, and polycystic ovary syndrome were not factors influencing the level of AT1-AA in the serum of infertile patients. The results indicated that AT1-AA was involved in the pathological changes of infertile women. AT1-AA may be related to oocyte maturation disorder, ovulation disorder. Interestingly it appears to induce an inflammatory reaction, although the specific mechanism is not clear. However, the level of AT1-AA is not affected by individual differences in infertile patients.Abbreviations: E2:estradiol; P:progesterone; RAS:Renin-angiotensin system; Ovras:renin-angiotensin system; ACE1:angiotensin-converting enzyme-1; AngII:angiotensin II; AT1R:Angiotensin II type 1 Receptor; BMI:Body Mass Index; AT1-A:anti-angiotensin II type 1 receptor autoantibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang Liu
- Reproductive Department of Taiyuan Central Hospital, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Guifang Yang
- Reproductive Department of Taiyuan Central Hospital, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Ruixia Guo
- Reproductive Department of Taiyuan Central Hospital, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Li Xue
- Reproductive Department of Taiyuan Central Hospital, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Lijuan Wang
- Reproductive Department of Taiyuan Central Hospital, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jingjing Guo
- Reproductive Department of Taiyuan Central Hospital, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xiaoli Yang
- Reproductive Department of Taiyuan Central Hospital, Taiyuan Central Hospital of Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
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Kim YY, Kim WO, Liu HC, Rosenwaks Z, Kim JW, Ku SY. Effects of paclitaxel and cisplatin on in vitro ovarian follicle development. Arch Med Sci 2019; 15:1510-1519. [PMID: 31749880 PMCID: PMC6855155 DOI: 10.5114/aoms.2019.81730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Despite its importance in pre-chemotherapy counselling, specific reproductive toxicological information about cisplatin and paclitaxel is very rare. This study aimed to investigate the concentrations at which cisplatin and paclitaxel, alone or combined, affect the in vitro development of ovarian follicles. Their differential effects on the oocytes and surrounding granulosa cells was also evaluated. MATERIAL AND METHODS Ovarian follicles were cultured in vitro using gonadotropins and treated with 10-8-10-10 M of cisplatin, paclitaxel, or both. At day 13, granulosa cells and oocytes were retrieved and used for imaging and functional analyses. RESULTS Follicular survival and growth was significantly suppressed in all treatment groups at 10-9 M or higher concentrations, and additive effects were observed in the combination group (p < 0.01). Oocyte-specific genes such as growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9) and bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) were more suppressed in the paclitaxel group than in the cisplatin group. Granulosa cell-specific gene suppression and its electron microscopic alteration were more prominent in the cisplatin group than in the paclitaxel group. X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein (XIAP) expression of granulosa cells was also further down-regulated in the cisplatin group. CONCLUSIONS These data provide an insight into the critical concentrations regarding in vitro follicular development and the differential effects of chemotherapeutic effects on oocytes and granulosa cells. Further studies are necessary to develop more efficient pre-chemotherapeutic fertility-sparing medical treatment that can evade oocyte-specific damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Young Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Woo Oh Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hung Ching Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cornell Weill Medical College, New York, USA
| | - Zev Rosenwaks
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cornell Weill Medical College, New York, USA
| | - Jae Won Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Yup Ku
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
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Simopoulou M, Sfakianoudis K, Tsioulou P, Rapani A, Giannelou P, Kiriakopoulos N, Pantou A, Vlahos N, Anifandis G, Bolaris S, Pantos K, Koutsilieris M. What will the future hold for artificial organs in the service of assisted reproduction: prospects and considerations. Front Med 2019; 13:627-638. [PMID: 31300970 DOI: 10.1007/s11684-019-0697-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2018] [Accepted: 04/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Assisted reproduction provides a wide spectrum of treatments and strategies addressing infertility. However, distinct groups of infertile patients with unexplained infertility, congenital disorders, and other complex cases pose a challenge in in vitro fertilization (IVF) practices. This special cohort of patients is associated with futile attempts, IVF overuse, and dead ends in management. Cutting edge research on animal models introduced this concept, along with the development of artificial organs with the aim to mimic the respective physiological functions in reproduction. Extrapolation on clinical application leads to the future use of infertility management in humans. To date, the successful clinical application of artificial reproductive organs in humans is not feasible because further animal model studies are required prior to clinical trials. The application of these artificial organs could provide a solution to infertility cases with no other options. This manuscript presents an overview on the current status, future prospects, and considerations on the potential clinical application of artificial ovary, uterus, and gametes in humans. This paper presents how the IVF practice landscape may be shaped and challenged in the future, along with the subsequent concerns in assisted reproductive treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Simopoulou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias, 11527, Athens, Greece. .,Assisted Conception Unit, 2nd Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Aretaieion Hospital, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Vasilissis Sofias str., 11528, Athens, Greece.
| | | | - Petroula Tsioulou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Anna Rapani
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Polina Giannelou
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias, 11527, Athens, Greece.,Centre for Human Reproduction, Genesis Athens Clinic, Papanikoli, 15232, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Kiriakopoulos
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - Agni Pantou
- Centre for Human Reproduction, Genesis Athens Clinic, Papanikoli, 15232, Athens, Greece
| | - Nikolaos Vlahos
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias, 11527, Athens, Greece
| | - George Anifandis
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Thessaly, 41500, Larisa, Greece
| | - Stamatis Bolaris
- Assisted Conception Unit, General-Maternity District Hospital "Elena Venizelou", Plateia Elenas Venizelou, 11521, Athens, Greece
| | - Konstantinos Pantos
- Centre for Human Reproduction, Genesis Athens Clinic, Papanikoli, 15232, Athens, Greece
| | - Michael Koutsilieris
- Department of Physiology, Medical School, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Mikras Asias, 11527, Athens, Greece
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Cho E, Kim YY, Noh K, Ku S. A new possibility in fertility preservation: The artificial ovary. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 13:1294-1315. [DOI: 10.1002/term.2870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2017] [Revised: 04/02/2019] [Accepted: 04/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Eun Cho
- College of MedicineSeoul National University Seoul South Korea
| | - Yoon Young Kim
- College of MedicineSeoul National University Seoul South Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologySeoul National University Hospital Seoul South Korea
| | - Kevin Noh
- College of Human EcologyCornell University Ithaca New York USA
| | - Seung‐Yup Ku
- College of MedicineSeoul National University Seoul South Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and GynecologySeoul National University Hospital Seoul South Korea
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11
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Kim YY, Kim YJ, Kim H, Kang BC, Ku SY, Suh CS. Modulatory Effects of Single and Complex Vitamins on the In Vitro Growth of Murine Ovarian Follicles. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2019; 16:275-283. [PMID: 31205856 PMCID: PMC6542936 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-019-00188-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2019] [Revised: 03/02/2019] [Accepted: 03/04/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Vitamin is a well-known co-factor for many metabolic processes and its roles in fertility and follicular growth have been studied. Vitamin supplementation is frequently achieved by daily ingestion in the form of a complex capsule. However, the role of single and complex vitamins in in vitro maturation of murine follicles is not fully elucidated. Methods In this study, we evaluated the effects of two forms of vitamins. Pure L-ascorbic acid, and multi-vitamin (vitamin C + vitamin B complex) was treated at two different concentrations (50 and 100 µg/ml), to pre-puberty murine follicles during in vitro maturation. To determine the specific stage of growth that is affected by treatment with vitamins, the vitamins were treated from day 0, 4, 9, and 13. Growth of each follicle was assessed by measuring diameters of whole expanded area and of the granulosa cells. Expression of follicular and oocyte growth-related genes and the effect of vitamin on the viability of follicles was assessed using senescence associated β-galactosidase staining. Results Treatment with vitamins promoted the in vitro growth of murine follicles and the upregulated the expression of granulosa cell- and oocyte-specific genes such as BMP15, Fsh receptor, and GDF9. The proliferation of the granulosa cells was enhanced by the treatment of vitamin. Fifty µg/ml concentration vitamin showed greater effects compared to higher concentration. The viability of in vitro grown follicles was also significantly improved in vitamin-treated follicles. The effects of single L-ascorbic acid and complex vitamin were not significantly different to those of day 4 and day 9 follicles. Vitamins promoted murine follicle development in vitro with different effects on specific growth stage. Conclusion Supplementation of vitamins during in vitro maturation of murine follicles is an efficient strategy for in vitro expansion of follicular cells. These results could be customized to the sophisticated culture of follicles retrieved from aged or cancer-survived female that contain smaller number of follicles with reduced potential to develop into mature follicles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Young Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Yong Jin Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308 Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong Cheol Kang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yup Ku
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Chang Suk Suh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
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Kim YY, Kang BC, Yun JW, Ahn JH, Kim YJ, Kim H, Rosenwaks Z, Ku SY. Expression of Transcripts in Marmoset Oocytes Retrieved during Follicle Isolation Without Gonadotropin Induction. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:ijms20051133. [PMID: 30845640 PMCID: PMC6429203 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20051133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Revised: 02/28/2019] [Accepted: 02/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The in vitro maturation of oocytes is frequently used as an assisted reproductive technique (ART), and has been successfully established in humans and rodents. To overcome the limitations of ART, novel procedures for the in vitro maturation of early follicles are emerging. During the follicle isolation procedure, the unintended rupture of each follicle leads to a release of extra oocytes. Such oocytes, which are obtained during follicle isolation from marmosets, can be used for early maturation studies. Marmoset (Callithrix jacchus), which is classified as a new-world monkey, is a novel model that has been employed in reproductive biomedical research, as its reproductive physiology is similar to that of humans in several aspects. The ovaries of female marmosets were collected, and the excess oocytes present during follicle isolation were retrieved without pre-gonadotropin induction. Each oocyte was matured in vitro for 48 h in the presence of various concentrations of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) and epidermal growth factor (EGF), and the maturity of oocytes and optimal maturation conditions were evaluated. Each oocyte was individually reverse-transcribed, and the expression of mRNAs and microRNAs (miRs) were analyzed. Concentrations of hCG significantly affected the maturation rate of oocytes [the number of metaphase II (MII) oocytes]. The expression of BMP15 and ZP1 was highest when the oocytes were matured using 100 IU/L of hCG without pre-treatment with gonadotropins, and that of Cja-mir-27a was highest when cultured with follicle stimulating hormone. These results suggest that these up-regulated miRs affect the maturation of oocytes. Interactions with other protein networks were analyzed, and a strong association of BMP15 and ZP1 with sperm binding receptor (ACR), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), and AMH receptor was demonstrated, which is related to the proliferation of granulosa cells. Collectively, on the basis of these results, the authors propose optimal maturation conditions of excess oocytes of marmoset without in vivo gonadotropin treatment, and demonstrated the roles of miRs in early oocyte maturation at the single-cell level in marmosets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Young Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yonkeun-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea.
| | - Byeong-Cheol Kang
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Jun Won Yun
- Department of Biotechnology, The Catholic University, Bucheon 14662, Korea.
| | - Jae Hun Ahn
- Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul 03080, Korea.
| | - Yong Jin Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul 08308, Korea.
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yonkeun-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea.
| | - Zev Rosenwaks
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA.
| | - Seung-Yup Ku
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 28 Yonkeun-dong, Chongno-gu, Seoul 110-744, Korea.
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13
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Kim SW, Kim YJ, Shin JH, Kim H, Ku SY, Suh CS, Kim SH, Choi YM. Correlation between Ovarian Reserve and Incidence of Ectopic Pregnancy after In Vitro Fertilization and Embryo Transfer. Yonsei Med J 2019; 60:285-290. [PMID: 30799591 PMCID: PMC6391525 DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2019.60.3.285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 09/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To elucidate the correlation between ovarian reserve and the incidence of ectopic pregnancy (EP) following in vitro fertilization and embryo transfer (IVF/ET) cycles. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this observational study, 430 fresh IVF/ET cycles were examined from patient data of two university hospital infertility clinics. All included patients were positive for β-human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG) at 2 weeks after oocyte retrieval via controlled ovarian stimulation. For each cycle, information on age, duration of infertility, basal follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), days of ovarian stimulation, numbers of retrieved oocytes and transferred embryos, and pregnancy outcomes was collected. Patients with AMH lower than 1.0 ng/dL or basal FSH higher than 10 mIU/mL were classified into the decreased ovarian reserve (DOR) group, and the remaining patients were classified into the normal ovarian reserve (NOR) group. RESULTS In total, 355 cycles showed NOR, and 75 cycles DOR. There were no significant differences between the DOR and NOR groups regarding intrauterine (74.7% vs. 83.4%, respectively) or chemical (14.7% vs. 14.1%, respectively) pregnancies. The DOR group had a higher EP than that of NOR group [10.7% (8/75) vs. 2.5% (9/355), p=0.004]. In both univariate [odds ratio (OR) 5.6, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.4-9.6, p=0.011] and multivariate (adjusted OR 5.1, 95 % CI 1.1-18.7, p=0.012) analysis, DOR was associated with a higher risk of EP. CONCLUSION DOR may be associated with a higher risk of EP in IVF/ET cycles with controlled ovarian stimulation. More careful monitoring may be necessary for pregnant women with DOR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung Woo Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yong Jin Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Ho Shin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung Yup Ku
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
| | - Chang Suk Suh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Hyun Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Min Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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14
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Kim YJ, Kim YY, Song DY, Lee SH, Park CW, Kim H, Ku SY. Proliferation Profile of Uterine Endometrial Stromal Cells during In Vitro Culture with Gonadotropins: Recombinant versus Urinary Follicle Stimulating Hormone. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 16:131-139. [PMID: 30989040 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-018-0156-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Provision of optimal endometrial stromal cells is essential in uterine tissue engineering. Culture of these cells is significantly influenced by gonadotropin hormones. This investigation attempted to define the proliferation profiles of murine uterine endometrial stromal cells during in vitro culture with recombinant follicle stimulating hormone (rFSH), urinary follicle stimulating hormone (uFSH), and human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Methods Murine uterine endometrial stromal cells were collected from 8-week-old mice and cultured in vitro up to 72 h, with rFSH, uFSH, or hCG. Cell cycles were analyzed by BrdU assay, and cyclin D1 expression was evaluated according to dose and duration of gonadotropin treatment. Results BrdU assay showed a further inhibitory effect on murine uterine endometrial stromal cell proliferation when cultured with rFSH compared to uFSH, and a similar inhibitory proliferation profile when cultured with hCG at a specific range of concentrations. The expression of cyclin D1 of murine uterine endometrial stromal cells was down-regulated when cultured with rFSH, uFSH, or hCG, compared to control. Conclusions FSH may inhibit the proliferation of murine uterine endometrial stromal cells during in vitro culture. rFSH may have more significant inhibitory effects on the proliferation of endometrial stromal cells than uFSH. Establishing an optimal endocrine milieu is necessary using more advanced combination of female hormones for in vitro culture of this type of cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jin Kim
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Medical Center, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Yoon Young Kim
- 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Da Young Song
- 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Hoon Lee
- 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Medical Center, 73 Inchon-ro, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul, 02841 Republic of Korea
| | - Chan Woo Park
- 3Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Cheil General Hospital, 17 Seoae ro 1 Gil, Jung-gu, Seoul, 04619 Republic of Korea
| | - Hoon Kim
- 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Yup Ku
- 2Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Republic of Korea
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15
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Efficient Production of Murine Uterine Damage Model. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2018; 16:119-129. [PMID: 30989039 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-018-0149-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 07/13/2018] [Accepted: 07/23/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Thin or damaged endometrium causes uterine factor-derived infertility resulting in a failure of embryonic implantation. Regeneration of endometrium is a major issue in gynecology and reproductive medicine. Various types of cells and scaffolds were studied to establish an effective therapeutic strategy. For this type of investigations, production of optimal animal models is indispensable. In this study, we tried to establish various murine uterine damage models and compared their features. Methods Three to ten-week-old C57BL/6 female mice were anesthetized using isoflurane. Chemical and mechanical methods using ethanol (EtOH) at 70 or 100% and copper scraper were compared to determine the most efficient condition. Damage of uterine tissue was induced either by vaginal or dorsal surgical approach. After 7-10 days, gross and microscopic morphology, safety and efficiency were compared among the groups. Results Both chemical and mechanical methods resulted in thinner endometrium and reduced number of glands. Gross morphology assessment revealed that the damaged regions of uteri showed various shapes including shrinkage or cystic dilatation of uterine horns. The duration of anesthesia significantly affected recovery after procedure. Uterine damage was most effectively induced by dorsal approach using 100% EtOH treatment compared to mechanical methods. Conclusion Taken together, murine uterine damage models were most successfully established by chemical treatment. This production protocols could be applied further to larger animals such as non-human primate.
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16
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Kim YJ, Kim YY, Kim DW, Joo JK, Kim H, Ku SY. Profile of MicroRNA Expression in Endometrial Cell during In Vitro Culture According to Progesterone Concentration. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 14:617-629. [PMID: 30603515 PMCID: PMC6171628 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-017-0080-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2017] [Revised: 08/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Artificial uterus using endometrium implant can be a novel treatment strategy for infertile women with refractory endometrial dysfunction. At early pregnancy, the function of uterine endometrial cells for the communication between the conceptus of pre-implantation period and maternal reproductive system is essential. MicroRNA (miR) expression profile of endometrial cells according to progesterone, a crucial pregnancy-maintaining hormone, provides important data for in vitro endometrial cell culture strategy that is useful for engineering artificial uteri using endometrial implants. The present study aimed to evaluate the miR expression profile of in vitro cultured endometrial cells under hormonal milieu mimicking early pregnancy period in terms of progesterone concentration. We cultured murine uterine endometrial cells, human uterine endometrial carcinoma cells, and immortalized human uterine endometrial cells using different progesterone concentrations, and analyzed the expression of miRs critical for early pregnancy. The expression of miR-20a, -21, -196a, -199a, and -200a was differently regulated according to progesterone concentration in different endometrial cell lines. The analysis of candidate target genes showed that the expression of phosphatase and tensin homolog, mucin 1 (MUC1), progesterone receptor, transforming growth factor β receptor II, matrix metallopeptidase-9 was up-regulated by progesterone treatment in mouse and human endometrial cell lines. These results indicate that physiological concentration range (10-7 and 10-9 M) of progesterone affect the survival and target gene expression via modulating miR expression. Taken together, progesterone can be a crucial factor in regulating miR expression on in vitro cultured endometrial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jin Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Guro Hospital, 148 Gurodong-ro, Guro-gu, Seoul, 08308 Korea
| | - Yoon Young Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea
| | - Dong Won Kim
- Mirae-Heemang Clinic, 68 Jukbong-daero, Seo-gu, Gwangju, 61932 Korea
| | - Jong Kil Joo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Pusan National University, 179 Gudeok-ro, Seo-gu, Pusan, 49241 Korea
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea
| | - Seung-Yup Ku
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 101 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea
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17
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Kim YY, Tamadon A, Ku SY. Potential Use of Antiapoptotic Proteins and Noncoding RNAs for EfficientIn VitroFollicular Maturation and Ovarian Bioengineering. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2017; 23:142-158. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2016.0156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Young Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Amin Tamadon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Yup Ku
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
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18
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Kim YJ, Park KE, Kim YY, Kim H, Ku SY, Suh CS, Kim SH, Choi YM. Effects of Estradiol on the Paracrine Regulator Expression of In Vitro Maturated Murine Ovarian Follicles. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 14:31-38. [PMID: 30603459 PMCID: PMC6171573 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-016-0006-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2016] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 02/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The preservation of female germ cells is important in the individuals with ovarian dysfunction and failure. For this purpose, ovarian follicle in vitro maturation (OFIVM) is an important technology for the retrieval of mature oocytes. In the in vivo follicular development, paracrine factors such as angiotensin (AT) and anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH) play important roles. We attempted to add estrogen during the OFIVM and to assess their expression on the follicular cells. The ovaries and pre-antral follicles were collected from 13-day C57BL/6 mice and cultured in vitro with estradiol (E2) treatment for up to two weeks. In the whole ovaries, the expression of AT II was decreased and the expression of AMH was similar between control and E2-treated ovaries after in vitro culture. Although there was no difference in the survival, ovulation, maturation and fertilization rates between control and E2-treated groups, the expression of AT II in the follicular cells was down-regulated after E2 treatment at mRNA level, and AMH showed similar expression. In conclusion, adding E2 in OFIVM may regulate paracrine factors and their receptors that are related to follicular development. Further investigations are necessary to elucidate the roles of various sex hormones in the regulation of AT and AMH expression during the OFIVM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong Jin Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Kyung Eui Park
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea
| | - Yoon Young Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hoon Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Yup Ku
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chang Suk Suh
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Hyun Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Young Min Choi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongno-gu, Seoul, 03080 Korea
- Institute of Reproductive Medicine and Population, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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