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Zamproni LN, Mundim MTVV, Porcionatto MA. Neurorepair and Regeneration of the Brain: A Decade of Bioscaffolds and Engineered Microtissue. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:649891. [PMID: 33898443 PMCID: PMC8058361 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.649891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Repairing the human brain remains a challenge, despite the advances in the knowledge of inflammatory response to injuries and the discovery of adult neurogenesis. After brain injury, the hostile microenvironment and the lack of structural support for neural cell repopulation, anchoring, and synapse formation reduce successful repair chances. In the past decade, we witnessed the rise of studies regarding bioscaffolds’ use as support for neuro repair. A variety of natural and synthetic materials is available and have been used to replace damaged tissue. Bioscaffolds can assume different shapes and may or may not carry a diversity of content, such as stem cells, growth factors, exosomes, and si/miRNA that promote specific therapeutic effects and stimulate brain repair. The use of these external bioscaffolds and the creation of cell platforms provide the basis for tissue engineering. More recently, researchers were able to engineer brain organoids, neural networks, and even 3D printed neural tissue. The challenge in neural tissue engineering remains in the fabrication of scaffolds with precisely controlled topography and biochemical cues capable of directing and controlling neuronal cell fate. The purpose of this review is to highlight the existing research in the growing field of bioscaffolds’ development and neural tissue engineering. Moreover, this review also draws attention to emerging possibilities and prospects in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura N Zamproni
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Mayara T V V Mundim
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marimelia A Porcionatto
- Molecular Neurobiology Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Santaella A, Wessels HJCT, Kulkarni P, Gloerich J, Kuiperij B, Bloem BR, van Gool AJ, Cabré S, Alamilla V, Verbeek MM. Proteomic profiling of striatal tissue of a rat model of Parkinson's disease after implantation of collagen-encapsulated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2020; 14:1077-1086. [PMID: 32548924 PMCID: PMC7496133 DOI: 10.1002/term.3081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the most common neurodegenerative disorder of movement worldwide. To date, only symptomatic treatments are available. Implantation of collagen‐encapsulated human umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells (hUC‐MSCs) is being developed as a novel therapeutic approach to potentially modify PD progression. However, implanted collagen scaffolds may induce a host tissue response. To gain insight into such response, hUC‐MSCs were encapsulated into collagen hydrogels and implanted into the striatum of hemi‐Parkinsonian male Sprague–Dawley rats. One or 14 days after implantation, the area of interest was dissected using a cryostat. Total protein extracts were subjected to tryptic digestion and subsequent LC–MS/MS analyses for protein expression profiling. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed to identify differentially expressed protein profiles with subsequent gene ontology and pathway analysis for biological interpretation of the data; 2,219 proteins were identified by MaxQuant at 1% false discovery rate. A high correlation of label‐free quantification (LFQ) protein values between biological replicates (r = .95) was observed. No significant differences were observed between brains treated with encapsulated hUC‐MSCs compared to appropriate controls. Proteomic data were highly robust and reproducible, indicating the suitability of this approach to map differential protein expression caused by the implants. The lack of differences between conditions suggests that the effects of implantation may be minimal. Alternatively, effects may only have been focal and/or could have been masked by nonrelevant high‐abundant proteins. For follow‐up assessment of local changes, a more accurate dissection technique, such as laser micro dissection, and analysis method are recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Santaella
- Departments of Neurology and Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Center of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hans J C T Wessels
- Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Purva Kulkarni
- Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jolein Gloerich
- Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bea Kuiperij
- Departments of Neurology and Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bastiaan R Bloem
- Departments of Neurology and Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Center of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Alain J van Gool
- Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Silvia Cabré
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics and CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Verónica Alamilla
- Pharmacology & Therapeutics and CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland.,CÚRAM Centre for Research in Medical Devices, National University of Ireland, Galway, Ireland
| | - Marcel M Verbeek
- Departments of Neurology and Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Laboratory Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Center of Expertise for Parkinson & Movement Disorders, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behavior, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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