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Tavasoli H, Tavasoli N, Yunessnia lehi A. Nanonodular porous membranes: Novel scaffolds for development and proliferation of dental pulp‐derived mesenchymal stem cells. POLYM ADVAN TECHNOL 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/pat.5953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Tavasoli
- Faculty of Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
| | - Nafiseh Tavasoli
- Faculty of Medicine Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran
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2
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Sahebalzamani M, Ziminska M, McCarthy HO, Levingstone TJ, Dunne NJ, Hamilton AR. Advancing bone tissue engineering one layer at a time: a layer-by-layer assembly approach to 3D bone scaffold materials. Biomater Sci 2022; 10:2734-2758. [PMID: 35438692 DOI: 10.1039/d1bm01756j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The layer-by-layer (LbL) assembly technique has shown excellent potential in tissue engineering applications. The technique is mainly based on electrostatic attraction and involves the sequential adsorption of oppositely charged electrolyte complexes onto a substrate, resulting in uniform single layers that can be rapidly deposited to form nanolayer films. LbL has attracted significant attention as a coating technique due to it being a convenient and affordable fabrication method capable of achieving a wide range of biomaterial coatings while keeping the main biofunctionality of the substrate materials. One promising application is the use of nanolayer films fabricated by LbL assembly in the development of 3-dimensional (3D) bone scaffolds for bone repair and regeneration. Due to their versatility, nanoscale films offer an exciting opportunity for tailoring surface and bulk property modification of implants for osseous defect therapies. This review article discusses the state of the art of the LbL assembly technique, and the properties and functions of LbL-assembled films for engineered bone scaffold application, combination of multilayers for multifunctional coatings and recent advancements in the application of LbL assembly in bone tissue engineering. The recent decade has seen tremendous advances in the promising developments of LbL film systems and their impact on cell interaction and tissue repair. A deep understanding of the cell behaviour and biomaterial interaction for the further development of new generations of LbL films for tissue engineering are the most important targets for biomaterial research in the field. While there is still much to learn about the biological and physicochemical interactions at the interface of nano-surface coated scaffolds and biological systems, we provide a conceptual review to further progress in the LbL approach to 3D bone scaffold materials and inform the future of LbL development in bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- MohammadAli Sahebalzamani
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland. .,Centre for Medical Engineering Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.
| | - Monika Ziminska
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK.
| | - Helen O McCarthy
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK. .,School of Chemical Sciences, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Tanya J Levingstone
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland. .,Centre for Medical Engineering Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland. .,Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (I-Form), School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.,Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.,Biodesign Europe, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Nicholas J Dunne
- School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland. .,Centre for Medical Engineering Research, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland. .,School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, UK. .,Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, School of Engineering, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Advanced Manufacturing Research Centre (I-Form), School of Mechanical and Manufacturing Engineering, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.,Advanced Materials and Bioengineering Research Centre (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Trinity Centre for Biomedical Engineering, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.,Advanced Processing Technology Research Centre, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland.,Biodesign Europe, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Andrew R Hamilton
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton SO17 1BJ, UK.
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3
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Capuana E, Lopresti F, Ceraulo M, La Carrubba V. Poly-l-Lactic Acid (PLLA)-Based Biomaterials for Regenerative Medicine: A Review on Processing and Applications. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:1153. [PMID: 35335484 PMCID: PMC8955974 DOI: 10.3390/polym14061153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Synthetic biopolymers are effective cues to replace damaged tissue in the tissue engineering (TE) field, both for in vitro and in vivo application. Among them, poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) has been highlighted as a biomaterial with tunable mechanical properties and biodegradability that allows for the fabrication of porous scaffolds with different micro/nanostructures via various approaches. In this review, we discuss the structure of PLLA, its main properties, and the most recent advances in overcoming its hydrophobic, synthetic nature, which limits biological signaling and protein absorption. With this aim, PLLA-based scaffolds can be exposed to surface modification or combined with other biomaterials, such as natural or synthetic polymers and bioceramics. Further, various fabrication technologies, such as phase separation, electrospinning, and 3D printing, of PLLA-based scaffolds are scrutinized along with the in vitro and in vivo applications employed in various tissue repair strategies. Overall, this review focuses on the properties and applications of PLLA in the TE field, finally affording an insight into future directions and challenges to address an effective improvement of scaffold properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisa Capuana
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, RU INSTM, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (E.C.); (M.C.); (V.L.C.)
| | - Francesco Lopresti
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, RU INSTM, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (E.C.); (M.C.); (V.L.C.)
| | - Manuela Ceraulo
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, RU INSTM, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (E.C.); (M.C.); (V.L.C.)
| | - Vincenzo La Carrubba
- Department of Engineering, University of Palermo, RU INSTM, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy; (E.C.); (M.C.); (V.L.C.)
- ATeN Center, University of Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, 90128 Palermo, Italy
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Sampson K, Koo S, Gadola C, Vasiukhina A, Singh A, Spartano A, Gollapudi R, Duley M, Mueller J, James PF, Yousefi AM. Cultivation of hierarchical 3D scaffolds inside a perfusion bioreactor: scaffold design and finite-element analysis of fluid flow. SN APPLIED SCIENCES 2021; 3:884. [PMID: 35872663 PMCID: PMC9307081 DOI: 10.1007/s42452-021-04871-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The use of porous 3D scaffolds for the repair of bone nonunion and osteoporotic bone is currently an area of great interest. Using a combination of thermally-induced phase separation (TIPS) and 3D-plotting (3DP), we have generated hierarchical 3DP/TIPS scaffolds made of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) and nanohydroxyapatite (nHA). A full factorial design of experiments was conducted, in which the PLGA and nHA compositions were varied between 6-12% w/v and 10-40% w/w, respectively, totaling 16 scaffold formulations with an overall porosity ranging between 87%-93%. These formulations included an optimal scaffold design identified in our previous study. The internal structures of the scaffolds were examined using scanning electron microscopy and microcomputed tomography. Our optimal scaffold was seeded with MC3T3-E1 murine preosteoblastic cells and subjected to cell culture inside a tissue culture dish and a perfusion bioreactor. The results were compared to those of a commercial CellCeram™ scaffold with a composition of 40% β-tricalcium phosphate and 60% hydroxyapatite (β-TCP/HA). Media flow within the macrochannels of 3DP/TIPS scaffolds was modeled in COMSOL software in order to fine tune the wall shear stress. CyQUANT DNA assay was performed to assess cell proliferation. The normalized number of cells for the optimal scaffold was more than twofold that of CellCeram™ scaffold after two weeks of culture inside the bioreactor. Despite the substantial variability in the results, the observed improvement in cell proliferation upon culture inside the perfusion bioreactor (vs. static culture) demonstrated the role of macrochannels in making the 3DP/TIPS scaffolds a promising candidate for scaffold-based tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaylie Sampson
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056
| | - Songmi Koo
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056
| | - Carter Gadola
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056
| | - Anastasiia Vasiukhina
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056
| | - Aditya Singh
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056
| | - Alexandra Spartano
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056
| | - Rachana Gollapudi
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056
| | - Matthew Duley
- Center for Advanced Microscopy and Imaging, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056
| | - Jens Mueller
- Research Computing Support, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056
| | - Paul F James
- Department of Biology, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056
| | - Amy M Yousefi
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, OH 45056
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5
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Influence of varying concentrations of chitosan coating on the pore wall of polycaprolactone based porous scaffolds for tissue engineering application. Carbohydr Polym 2021; 259:117501. [DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2020.117501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 12/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Kim HD, Park J, Amirthalingam S, Jayakumar R, Hwang NS. Bioinspired inorganic nanoparticles and vascular factor microenvironment directed neo-bone formation. Biomater Sci 2021; 8:2627-2637. [PMID: 32242197 DOI: 10.1039/d0bm00041h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Various strategies have been explored to stimulate new bone formation. These strategies include using angiogenic stimulants in combination with inorganic biomaterials. Neovascularization during the neo-bone formation provides nutrients along with bone-forming minerals. Therefore, it is crucial to design a bone stimulating microenvironment composed of both pro-angiogenic and osteogenic factors. In this respect, human vascular endothelial growth factor (hVEGF) has been shown to promote blood vessel formation and bone formation. Furthermore, in recent years, whitlockite (WH), a novel phase of magnesium-containing calcium phosphate derivatives that exist in our bone tissue, has been synthesized and applied in bone tissue engineering. In this study, our aim is to explore the potential use of hVEGF and WH for bone tissue engineering. Our study demonstrated that hVEGF and a WH microenvironment synergistically stimulated osteogenic commitment of mesenchymal stem cells both in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hwan D Kim
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, the Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jungha Park
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, the Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sivashanmugam Amirthalingam
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India
| | - R Jayakumar
- Centre for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Institute of Medical Sciences and Research Centre, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Kochi 682041, India
| | - Nathaniel S Hwang
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering, the Institute of Chemical Processes, Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea. and Interdisciplinary Program in Bioengineering, Seoul National University, 151-742, Seoul, Republic of Korea and The BioMax/N-Bio Institute of Seoul National University, Seoul, 151-742, Republic of Korea
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7
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FERNÁNDEZ MPEÑA, WITTE F, TOZZI G. Applications of X‐ray computed tomography for the evaluation of biomaterial‐mediated bone regeneration in critical‐sized defects. J Microsc 2020; 277:179-196. [DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2019] [Revised: 10/06/2019] [Accepted: 11/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. PEÑA FERNÁNDEZ
- Zeiss Global Centre, School of Mechanical and Design EngineeringUniversity of Portsmouth Portsmouth UK
| | - F. WITTE
- Biotrics Bioimplants GmbH Berlin Germany
| | - G. TOZZI
- Zeiss Global Centre, School of Mechanical and Design EngineeringUniversity of Portsmouth Portsmouth UK
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8
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Sprott MR, Gallego‐Ferrer G, Dalby MJ, Salmerón‐Sánchez M, Cantini M. Functionalization of PLLA with Polymer Brushes to Trigger the Assembly of Fibronectin into Nanonetworks. Adv Healthc Mater 2019; 8:e1801469. [PMID: 30609243 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201801469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2018] [Revised: 12/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Poly-l-lactic acid (PLLA) has been used as a biodegradable polymer for many years; the key characteristics of this polymer make it a versatile and useful resource for regenerative medicine. However, it is not inherently bioactive. Thus, here, a novel process is presented to functionalize PLLA surfaces with poly(ethyl acrylate) (PEA) brushes to provide biological functionality through PEA's ability to induce spontaneous organization of the extracellular matrix component fibronectin (FN) into physiological-like nanofibrils. This process allows control of surface biofunctionality while maintaining PLLA bulk properties (i.e., degradation profile, mechanical strength). The new approach is based on surface-initiated atomic transfer radical polymerization, which achieves a molecularly thin coating of PEA on top of the underlying PLLA. Beside surface characterization via atomic force microscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and water contact angle to measure PEA grafting, the biological activity of this surface modification is investigated. PEA brushes trigger FN organization into nanofibrils, which retain their ability to enhance adhesion and differentiation of C2C12 cells. The results demonstrate the potential of this technology to engineer controlled microenvironments to tune cell fate via biologically active surface modification of an otherwise bioinert biodegradable polymer, gaining wide use in tissue engineering applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark Robert Sprott
- Centre for the Cellular MicroenvironmentUniversity of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8LT UK
| | - Gloria Gallego‐Ferrer
- Center for Biomaterials and Tissue EngineeringUniversitat Politècnica de València Valencia 46022 Spain
- Biomedical Research Networking Center in BioengineeringBiomaterials and Nanomedicine (CIBER‐BBN) Valencia 46022 Spain
| | - Matthew J. Dalby
- Centre for the Cellular MicroenvironmentUniversity of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8LT UK
| | | | - Marco Cantini
- Centre for the Cellular MicroenvironmentUniversity of Glasgow Glasgow G12 8LT UK
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9
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Thermally-triggered fabrication of cell sheets for tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2019; 138:276-292. [PMID: 30639258 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2019.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Cell transplantation is a promising approach for promoting tissue regeneration in the treatment of damaged tissues or organs. Although cells have conventionally been delivered by direct injection to damaged tissues, cell injection has limited efficiency to deliver therapeutic cells to the target sites. Progress in tissue engineering has moved scaffold-based cell/tissue delivery into the mainstream of tissue regeneration. A variety of scaffolds can be fabricated from natural or synthetic polymers to provide the appropriate culture conditions for cell growth and achieve in-vitro tissue formation. Tissue engineering has now become the primary approach for cell-based therapies. However, there are still serious limitations, particularly for engineering of cell-dense tissues. "Cell sheet engineering" is a scaffold-free tissue technology that holds even greater promise in the field of tissue engineering and regenerative medicine. Thermoresponsive poly(N-isopropylacrylamide)-grafted surfaces allow the fabrication of a tissue-like cell monolayer, a "cell sheet", and efficiently delivers this cell-dense tissue to damaged sites without the use of scaffolds. At present, this unique approach has been applied to human clinical studies in regenerative medicine. Furthermore, this thermally triggered cell manipulation system allows us to produce various types of 3D tissue models not only for regenerative medicine but also for tissue modeling, which can be used for drug discovery. Here, new cell sheet-based technologies are described including vascularization for scaled-up 3D tissue constructs, induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cell technology for human cell sheet fabrication and microfabrication for arranging tissue microstructures, all of which are expected to produce more complex tissues based on cell sheet tissue engineering.
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10
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Bahcecioglu G, Hasirci N, Hasirci V. Cell behavior on the alginate-coated PLLA/PLGA scaffolds. Int J Biol Macromol 2018; 124:444-450. [PMID: 30465840 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2018.11.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Here, we investigated the effect of preparation temperature and alginate-coating on L929 fibroblast behavior on lyophilized microporous PLLA/PLGA (95:5, w/w) scaffolds. The lower freezing temperature used during lyophilization (-80 °C) resulted in smaller pores (around 50 μm) and higher compressive modulus (1500 kPa) than those prepared at the higher temperature (-20 °C) (pore size: 120 μm, compressive modulus: 600 kPa) (p < 0.01). Cell proliferation was significantly lower on the alginate-coated scaffolds (p < 0.05), probably due to weak cell adhesion on alginate, rapid degradation/dissolution of the alginate hydrogel (40% weight loss after 2 weeks of incubation) (p < 0.05), which resulted in loss of material and cells, and the decrease in the pH (p < 0.05), which probably resulted in decreased cell metabolic activity. Cells tended to get less round on the scaffolds prepared at -20 °C, which had lower compressive modulus and larger pores, and upon coating with alginate, which resulted in a hydrophilic surface that had lower stiffness. When the scaffolds had closer stiffness to the cells, the cells tended to get more branched. The most branched morphology of the fibroblasts was obtained in the presence of alginate, a natural polymer having a similar stiffness with that of the L929 fibroblasts (4 kPa).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gokhan Bahcecioglu
- BIOMATEN, Middle East Technical University (METU) Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Biological Sciences, METU, Ankara, Turkey; Graduate Department of Biotechnology, METU, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Nesrin Hasirci
- BIOMATEN, Middle East Technical University (METU) Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Ankara, Turkey; Graduate Department of Biotechnology, METU, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Chemistry, METU, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Vasif Hasirci
- BIOMATEN, Middle East Technical University (METU) Center of Excellence in Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Biological Sciences, METU, Ankara, Turkey; Graduate Department of Biotechnology, METU, Ankara, Turkey; Department of Medical Engineering, Acibadem Mehmet Ali Aydinlar University, Atasehir, Istanbul, Turkey.
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11
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Moser C, Bardsley K, El Haj AJ, Alini M, Stoddart MJ, Bara JJ. A Perfusion Culture System for Assessing Bone Marrow Stromal Cell Differentiation on PLGA Scaffolds for Bone Repair. Front Bioeng Biotechnol 2018; 6:161. [PMID: 30525030 PMCID: PMC6262350 DOI: 10.3389/fbioe.2018.00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 10/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomaterials development for bone repair is currently hindered by the lack of physiologically relevant in vitro testing systems. Here we describe the novel use of a bi-directional perfusion bioreactor to support the long term culture of human bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) differentiated on polylactic co-glycolic acid (PLGA). Primary human BMSCs were seeded onto porous PLGA scaffolds and cultured in static vs. perfusion culture conditions for 21 days in osteogenic vs. control media. PLGA scaffolds were osteoconductive, supporting a mature osteogenic phenotype as shown by the upregulation of Runx2 and the early osteocyte marker E11. Perfusion culture enhanced the expression of osteogenic genes Osteocalcin and Osteopontin. Extracellular matrix deposition and mineralisation were spatially regulated within PLGA scaffolds in a donor dependant manner. This, together with the observed upregulation of Collagen type X suggested an environment permissive for the study of differentiation pathways associated with both intramembranous and endochondral ossification routes of bone healing. This culture system offers a platform to assess BMSC behavior on candidate biomaterials under physiologically relevant conditions. Use of this system may improve our understanding of the environmental cues orchestrating BMSC differentiation and enable fine tuning of biomaterial design as we develop tissue-engineered strategies for bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Moser
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland.,Laboratory for Translational Nutritional Biology, Department of Health Sciences and Technologies, Institute of Food Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Katie Bardsley
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom
| | - Alicia J El Haj
- Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom.,Healthcare Technology Institute, Institute of Translational Medicine, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - Mauro Alini
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland
| | - Martin J Stoddart
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland.,Institute for Science and Technology in Medicine, Keele University, Keele, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer J Bara
- AO Research Institute Davos, Davos, Switzerland.,Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Washington University, St Louis, MO, United States
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Wu W, Liu X, Zhou Z, Miller AL, Lu L. Three-dimensional porous poly(propylene fumarate)-co-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) scaffolds for tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res A 2018; 106:2507-2517. [PMID: 29707898 PMCID: PMC9933994 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.36446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2018] [Revised: 04/13/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional structural scaffolds have played an important role in tissue engineering, especially broad applications in areas such as regenerative medicine. We have developed novel biodegradable porous poly(propylene fumarate)-co-poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PPF-co-PLGA) scaffolds using thermally induced phase separation, and determined the effects of critical parameters such as copolymer concentration (6, 8, and 10 wt %) and the binary solvent ratio of dioxane:water (78/22, 80/20, 82/18 wt/wt %) on the fabrication process. The cloud-point temperatures of PPF-co-PLGA changed in parallel with increasing copolymer concentration, but inversely with increasing dioxane content. The compressive moduli of the scaffolds increased with greater weight composition and dioxane:water ratio. Scaffolds formed using high copolymer concentrations and solvent ratios exhibited preferable biomineralization. All samples showed biodegradation capability in both accelerated solution and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS). Cell toxicity testing indicated that the scaffolds had good biocompatibility with bone and nerve cells, which adhered well to the scaffolds. Variations in the copolymer concentration and solvent ratio exercised a remarkable influence on morphology, mechanical properties, biomineralization, and biodegradation, but not on the cell viability and adhesion of the cross-linked scaffolds. An 8 to 10 wt % solute concentration and 80/20 to 82/18 wt/wt dioxane:water ratio were the optimum parameters for scaffold fabrication. PPF-co-PLGA scaffolds thus possess several promising prospects for tissue engineering applications. © 2018 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J Biomed Mater Res Part A: 106A:2507-2517, 2018.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Wu
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, MN, 55905, USA,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, MN, 55905, USA,Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430030, China
| | - Xifeng Liu
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, MN, 55905, USA,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Zifei Zhou
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, MN, 55905, USA,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, MN, 55905, USA,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shanghai East Hospital, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200120, China
| | - A. Lee Miller
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Lichun Lu
- Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, MN, 55905, USA,Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, MN, 55905, USA,Corresponding Author: Lichun Lu, Ph.D, Professor of Biomedical Engineering and Orthopedics, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN 55905 USA, Phone: (507)-284-2267, Fax: 507-284-5075,
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13
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Huang Z, Xu J, Chen J, Chen H, Wang H, Huang Z, Chen Y, Lu X, Lu F, Hu J. Photoacoustic stimulation promotes the osteogenic differentiation of bone mesenchymal stem cells to enhance the repair of bone defect. Sci Rep 2017; 7:15842. [PMID: 29158525 PMCID: PMC5696557 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-15879-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the direct photoacoustic (PA) effect on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) which is a key cell source for osteogenesis. As scaffold is also an indispensable element for tissue regeneration, here we firstly fabricated a composited sheet using polylactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) mixing with graphene oxide (GO). BMSCs were seeded on the PLGA-GO sheets and received PA treatment in vitro for 3, 9 and 15 days, respectively. Then the BMSCs were harvested and subjected to assess alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, calcium content and osteopontin (OPN) on 3, 9 and 15 days. For in vivo study, PLGA-GO sheet seeded with BMSCs after in vitro PA stimulation for 9 days were implanted to repair the bone defect established in the femoral mid-shaft of Sprague-Dawley rat. PLGA-GO group with PA pretreatment showed promising outcomes in terms of the expression of ALP, OPN, and calcium content, thus enhanced the repair of bone defect. In conclusion, we have developed an alternative approach to enhance the repair of bone defect by making good use of the beneficial effect of PA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zebin Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Jiankun Xu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong Province, China
- Department of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Faculty of Medicine, the Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jiebin Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hongjiang Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Hailong Wang
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Zhonglian Huang
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Youbin Chen
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Xiaolin Lu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Fushen Lu
- Department of Chemistry and Key Laboratory for Preparation and Application of Ordered Structural Materials of Guangdong Province, Shantou University, Guangdong Province, China.
| | - Jun Hu
- Department of Orthopaedics, the First Affiliated Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Guangdong Province, China.
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14
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Wu H, Lei P, Liu G, Shrike Zhang Y, Yang J, Zhang L, Xie J, Niu W, Liu H, Ruan J, Hu Y, Zhang C. Reconstruction of Large-scale Defects with a Novel Hybrid Scaffold Made from Poly(L-lactic acid)/Nanohydroxyapatite/Alendronate-loaded Chitosan Microsphere: in vitro and in vivo Studies. Sci Rep 2017; 7:359. [PMID: 28337023 PMCID: PMC5428684 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-00506-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
A chitosan-based microsphere delivery system has been fabricated for controlled release of alendronate (AL). The present study aimed to incorporate the chitosan/hydroxyapatite microspheres-loaded with AL (CH/nHA-AL) into poly(L-lactic acid)/nanohydroxyapatite (PLLA/nHA) matrix to prepare a novel microspheres-scaffold hybrid system (CM-ALs) for drug delivery and bone tissue engineering application. The characteristics of CM-ALs scaffolds containing 10% and 20% CH/nHA-AL were evaluated in vitro, including surface morphology and porosity, mechanical properties, drug release, degradation, and osteogenic differentiation. The in vivo bone repair for large segmental radius defects (1.5 cm) in a rabbit model was evaluated by radiography and histology. In vitro study showed more sustained drug release of CM-AL-containing scaffolds than these of CM/nHA-AL and PLLA/nHA/AL scaffolds, and the mechanical and degradation properties of CM-ALs (10%) scaffolds were comparable to that of PLLA/nHA control. The osteogenic differentiation of adipose-derived stem cells (ASCs) was significantly enhanced as indicated by increased alkaline phosphates (ALP) activity and calcium deposition. In vivo study further showed better performance of CM-ALs (10%) scaffolds with complete repair of large-sized bone defects within 8 weeks. A microspheres-scaffold-based release system containing AL-encapsulated chitosan microspheres was successfully fabricated in this study. Our results suggested the promising application of CM-ALs (10%) scaffolds for drug delivery and bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongwei Wu
- Department of Orthopedics, Hunan Cancer Hospital and The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, Hunan, China
| | - Pengfei Lei
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.,Department of Orthopedics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, United States
| | - Gengyan Liu
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China
| | - Yu Shrike Zhang
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Jingzhou Yang
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02115, USA
| | - Longbo Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, School of Medicine, Yale University, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
| | - Jie Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Wanting Niu
- Department of Orthopedics, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, 02115, United States.,Department of Orthopedics, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hua Liu
- Biomaterials Innovation Research Centre, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Cambridge, Massachusetts, 02115, USA.,Dr. Li Dak Sum & Yip Yio Chin Center for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Jianming Ruan
- Powder Metallurgy Research Institute, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, Hunan, China
| | - Yihe Hu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.
| | - Chaoyue Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, The Third Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410013, China.
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15
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Guo T, Lembong J, Zhang LG, Fisher JP. Three-Dimensional Printing Articular Cartilage: Recapitulating the Complexity of Native Tissue<sup/>. TISSUE ENGINEERING PART B-REVIEWS 2016; 23:225-236. [PMID: 27875945 DOI: 10.1089/ten.teb.2016.0316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In the past few decades, the field of tissue engineering combined with rapid prototyping (RP) techniques has been successful in creating biological substitutes that mimic tissues. Its applications in regenerative medicine have drawn efforts in research from various scientific fields, diagnostics, and clinical translation to therapies. While some areas of therapeutics are well developed, such as skin replacement, many others such as cartilage repair can still greatly benefit from tissue engineering and RP due to the low success and/or inefficiency of current existing, often surgical treatments. Through fabrication of complex scaffolds and development of advanced materials, RP provides a new avenue for cartilage repair. Computer-aided design and three-dimensional (3D) printing allow the fabrication of modeled cartilage scaffolds for repair and regeneration of damaged cartilage tissues. Specifically, the various processes of 3D printing will be discussed in details, both cellular and acellular techniques, covering the different materials, geometries, and operational printing conditions for the development of tissue-engineered articular cartilage. Finally, we conclude with some insights on future applications and challenges related to this technology, especially using 3D printing techniques to recapitulate the complexity of native structure for advanced cartilage regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Guo
- 1 Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland
| | - Josephine Lembong
- 1 Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland
| | - Lijie Grace Zhang
- 2 Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, The George Washington University , Washington, District of Columbia
| | - John P Fisher
- 1 Fischell Department of Bioengineering, University of Maryland , College Park, Maryland
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16
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Patel JM, Merriam AR, Kohn J, Gatt CJ, Dunn MG. Negative Outcomes of Poly(l-Lactic Acid) Fiber-Reinforced Scaffolds in an Ovine Total Meniscus Replacement Model. Tissue Eng Part A 2016; 22:1116-25. [DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2016.0143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jay M. Patel
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences–Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers–The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Aaron R. Merriam
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences–Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers–The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Joachim Kohn
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers–The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
- New Jersey Center for Biomaterials, Rutgers–The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Charles J. Gatt
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences–Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers–The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
| | - Michael G. Dunn
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Rutgers Biomedical and Health Sciences–Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, New Brunswick, New Jersey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Rutgers–The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey
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17
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Hung BP, Naved BA, Nyberg EL, Dias M, Holmes CA, Elisseeff JH, Dorafshar AH, Grayson WL. Three-Dimensional Printing of Bone Extracellular Matrix for Craniofacial Regeneration. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2016; 2:1806-1816. [PMID: 27942578 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.6b00101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Tissue-engineered approaches to regenerate bone in the craniomaxillofacial region utilize biomaterial scaffolds to provide structural and biological cues to stem cells to stimulate osteogenic differentiation. Bioactive scaffolds are typically comprised of natural components but often lack the manufacturability of synthetic materials. To circumvent this trade-off, we 3D printed materials comprised of decellularized bone (DCB) matrix particles combined with polycaprolactone (PCL) to create novel hybrid DCB:PCL scaffolds for bone regeneration. Hybrid scaffolds were readily printable at compositions of up to 70% bone by mass and displayed robust mechanical properties. Assessments of surface features revealed both collagenous and mineral components of bone were present. Qualitative and quantitative assessments showed increased surface roughness relative to that of pure PCL scaffolds. These findings correlated with enhanced cell adhesion on hybrid surfaces relative to that on pure surfaces. Human adipose-derived stem cells (hASCs) cultured in DCB:PCL scaffolds without soluble osteogenic cues exhibited significant upregulation of osteogenic genes in hybrid scaffolds relative to pure PCL scaffolds. In the presence of soluble phosphate, hybrid scaffolds resulted in increased calcification. The hASC-seeded scaffolds were implanted into critical-sized murine calvarial defects and yielded greater bone regeneration in DCB:PCL scaffolds compared to that in PCL-only at 1 and 3 months post-transplantation. Taken together, these results demonstrate that 3D printed DCB:PCL scaffolds might be effective for stimulating bone regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben P Hung
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21231, Maryland, United States; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21231, Maryland, United States
| | - Bilal A Naved
- Fischell Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 21231, United States
| | - Ethan L Nyberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21231, Maryland, United States; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21231, Maryland, United States
| | - Miguel Dias
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21231, Maryland, United States; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21231, Maryland, United States
| | - Christina A Holmes
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore 21231, Maryland, United States
| | - Jennifer H Elisseeff
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21231, Maryland, United States; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21231, Maryland, United States
| | - Amir H Dorafshar
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore 21231, Maryland, United States
| | - Warren L Grayson
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21231, Maryland, United States; Translational Tissue Engineering Center, The Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore 21231, Maryland, United States
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18
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Hao J, Cheng KCK, Kruger LG, Larsson L, Sugai JV, Lahann J, Giannobile WV. Multigrowth Factor Delivery via Immobilization of Gene Therapy Vectors. ADVANCED MATERIALS (DEERFIELD BEACH, FLA.) 2016; 28:3145-3151. [PMID: 26919685 PMCID: PMC5687504 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201600027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2016] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Molecules can be immobilized onto biomaterials by a chemical vapor deposition (CVD) coating strategy. Pentafluorophenolester groups react with amine side chains on antibodies, which can selectively immobilize adenoviral vectors for gene delivery of growth factors. These vectors can produce functional proteins within defined regions of biomaterials to produce customizable structures for targeted tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Hao
- Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1078, USA
| | - Kenneth C K Cheng
- Biointerfaces Institute, Department of Materials Science and Engineering, B26-115S NCRC, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2800, USA
| | - Laura G Kruger
- Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1078, USA
| | - Lena Larsson
- Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1078, USA
- Department of Periodontology, Institute of Odontology, Medicinaregatan 12F, 6th Floor, University of Gothenburg, SE-405 30 Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - James V Sugai
- Periodontics and Oral Medicine, School of Dentistry, University of Michigan, 1011 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1078, USA
| | - Joerg Lahann
- Biointerfaces Institute, Department of Chemical Engineering, Materials Science and Engineering, Biomedical Engineering, Macromolecular Science and Engineering, B10-A175 NCRC, University of Michigan, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2800, USA
| | - William V Giannobile
- Department of Periodontics and Oral Medicine and Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, 1011 North University Avenue, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-1078, USA
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19
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Shirazi RN, Ronan W, Rochev Y, McHugh P. Modelling the degradation and elastic properties of poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) films and regular open-cell tissue engineering scaffolds. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2016; 54:48-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2015.08.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2015] [Revised: 08/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/24/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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20
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Zhang F, Song Q, Huang X, Li F, Wang K, Tang Y, Hou C, Shen H. A Novel High Mechanical Property PLGA Composite Matrix Loaded with Nanodiamond-Phospholipid Compound for Bone Tissue Engineering. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2016; 8:1087-1097. [PMID: 26646188 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.5b09394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
A potential bone tissue engineering material was produced from a biodegradable polymer, poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA), loaded with nanodiamond phospholipid compound (NDPC) via physical mixing. On the basis of hydrophobic effects and physical absorption, we modified the original hydrophilic surface of the nanodiamond (NDs) with phospholipids to be amphipathic, forming a typical core-shell structure. The ND-phospholipid weight ratio was optimized to generate sample NDPC50 (i.e., ND-phospholipid weight ratio of 100:50), and NDPC50 was able to be dispersed in a PLGA matrix at up to 20 wt %. Compared to a pure PLGA matrix, the introduction of 10 wt % of NDPC (i.e., sample NDPC50-PF10) resulted in a significant improvement in the material's mechanical and surface properties, including a decrease in the water contact angle from 80 to 55°, an approximately 100% increase in the Young's modulus, and an approximate 550% increase in hardness, thus closely resembling that of human cortical bone. As a novel matrix supporting human osteoblast (hFOB1.19) growth, NDPC50-PFs with different amounts of NDPC50 demonstrated no negative effects on cell proliferation and osteogenic differentiation. Furthermore, we focused on the behaviors of NDPC-PFs implanted into mice for 8 weeks and found that NDPC-PFs induced acceptable immune response and can reduce the rapid biodegradation of PLGA matrix. Our results represent the first in vivo research on ND (or NDPC) as nanofillers in a polymer matrix for bone tissue engineering. The high mechanical properties, good in vitro and in vivo biocompatibility, and increased mineralization capability suggest that biodegradable PLGA composite matrices loaded with NDPC may potentially be useful for a variety of biomedical applications, especially bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan Zhang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University , Shanghai, China
- Department of Orthopaedics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University , Kunming, China
| | - Qingxin Song
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University , Shanghai, China
| | - Xuan Huang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University , Shanghai, China
| | - Fengning Li
- Department of Orthopaedics, Shanghai Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Second Military Medical University , Shanghai, China
| | - Kun Wang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University , Shanghai, China
| | - Yixing Tang
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University , Shanghai, China
| | - Canglong Hou
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University , Shanghai, China
| | - Hongxing Shen
- Department of Spine Surgery, Changhai Hospital, the Second Military Medical University , Shanghai, China
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21
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Preclinical in vivo Performance of Novel Biodegradable, Electrospun Poly(lactic acid) and Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) Nanocomposites: A Review. MATERIALS 2015; 8:4912-4931. [PMID: 28793481 PMCID: PMC5455478 DOI: 10.3390/ma8084912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2015] [Revised: 06/26/2015] [Accepted: 07/24/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Bone substitute materials have witnessed tremendous development over the past decades and autogenous bone may still be considered the gold standard for many clinicians and clinical approaches in order to rebuild and restore bone defects. However, a plethora of novel xenogenic and synthetic bone substitute materials have been introduced in recent years in the field of bone regeneration. As the development of bone is actually a calcification process within a collagen fiber arrangement, the use of scaffolds in the formation of fibers may offer some advantages, along with additional handling characteristics. This review focuses on material characteristics and degradation behavior of electrospun biodegradable polyester scaffolds. Furthermore, we concentrated on the preclinical in vivo performance with regard to bone regeneration in preclinical studies. The major findings are as follows: Scaffold composition and architecture determine its biological behavior and degradation characteristics; The incorporation of inorganic substances and/or organic substances within composite scaffolds enhances new bone formation; L-poly(lactic acid) and poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) composite scaffolds, especially when combined with basic substances like hydroxyapatite, tricalcium phosphate or demineralized bone powder, seem not to induce inflammatory tissue reactions in vivo.
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22
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Shen H, Niu Y, Hu X, Yang F, Wang S, Wu D. A biomimetic 3D microtubule-orientated poly(lactide-co-glycolide) scaffold with interconnected pores for tissue engineering. J Mater Chem B 2015; 3:4417-4425. [PMID: 32262785 DOI: 10.1039/c5tb00167f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
An ideal tissue engineering scaffold should imitate physical and biochemical cues of natural extracellular matrix and have interconnected porous structures with high porosity to provide adequate space for cell seeding, growth and proliferation, as well as nutrient delivery and metabolized product elimination. In this study, we examined the feasibility of fabricating microtubule-orientated poly(lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA) scaffolds with interconnected pores (denoted as MOIP-PLGA) by an improved thermal-induced phase separation technique. We successfully constructed MOIP-PLGA using 1,4-dioxane as the first solvent and benzene or water with lower freezing point as the second solvent. Especially, when water was used, the MOIP-PLGA had higher porosity and it could guide rabbit aortic smooth muscle cells (SMCs) to better grow along the microtubule direction of the scaffold. Comparing with microtubule-orientated scaffold without interconnected pores (denoted as MONIP-PLGA), the proliferation and viability of SMCs cultured on MOIP-PLGA were higher. Moreover, basic fibroblast growth factor could be effectively bound on MOIP-PLGA by a plasma treatment technique and the growth factor could be slowly released in vitro, maintaining bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Shen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, State Key Laboratory of Polymer Physics and Chemistry, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.
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23
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Saito E, Suarez-Gonzalez D, Murphy WL, Hollister SJ. Biomineral coating increases bone formation by ex vivo BMP-7 gene therapy in rapid prototyped poly(L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly(ε-caprolactone) (PCL) porous scaffolds. Adv Healthc Mater 2015; 4:621-32. [PMID: 25515846 DOI: 10.1002/adhm.201400424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Porousbiodegradable polymer scaffolds are widely utilized for bone tissue engineering, but are not osteoconductive like calcium phosphate scaffolds. We combine indirect solid freeform fabrication (SFF), ex vivo gene therapy, with biomineral coating to compare the effect of biomineral coating on bone regeneration for Poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and Poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL) scaffolds with the same porous architecture. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) and micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) demonstrate PLLA and PCL scaffolds have the same porous architecture and are completely coated. All scaffolds are seeded with human gingival fibroblasts (HGF) transduced with adenovirus encoded with either bone morphogenetic protein 7 (BMP-7) or green fluorescent protein (GFP), and implanted into mice subcutaneously for 3 and 10 weeks. Only scaffolds with BMP-7 transduced HGFs show mineralized tissue formation. At 3 weeks some blood vessel-like structures are observed in coated PLLA and PCL scaffolds, but there is no significant difference in bone ingrowth between the coated and uncoated scaffolds for either PLLA or PCL. At 10 weeks, however, coated scaffolds (both PLLA and PCL) have significantly more bone ingrowth than uncoated scaffolds, which have more fibrous tissue. Coated PLLA scaffolds have improved mechanical properties compared with uncoated PLLA scaffolds due to increased bone ingrowth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Saito
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; 1101 Beal Ave. University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109-2099 USA
| | | | - William L. Murphy
- Materials Science Program; University of Wisconsin; Madison WI 53706 USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; University of Wisconsin; Madison WI 53706 USA
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation; University of Wisconsin; Madison WI 53706 USA
| | - Scott J. Hollister
- Department of Biomedical Engineering; 1101 Beal Ave. University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109-2099 USA
- Department of Mechanical Engineering; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109-2125 USA
- Department of Surgery; University of Michigan; Ann Arbor MI 48109-032 USA
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24
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Akbarzadeh R, Minton JA, Janney CS, Smith TA, James PF, Yousefi AM. Hierarchical polymeric scaffolds support the growth of MC3T3-E1 cells. JOURNAL OF MATERIALS SCIENCE. MATERIALS IN MEDICINE 2015; 26:116. [PMID: 25665851 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-015-5453-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2014] [Accepted: 12/14/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering makes use of the principles of biology and engineering to sustain 3D cell growth and promote tissue repair and/or regeneration. In this study, macro/microporous scaffold architectures have been developed using a hybrid solid freeform fabrication/thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) technique. Poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) dissolved in 1,4-dioxane was used to generate a microporous matrix by the TIPS method. The 3D-bioplotting technique was used to fabricate 3D macroporous constructs made of polyethylene glycol (PEG). Embedding the PEG constructs inside the PLGA solution prior to the TIPS process and subsequent extraction of PEG following solvent removal (1,4-dioaxane) resulted in a macro/microporous structure. These hierarchical scaffolds with a bimodal pore size distribution (<50 and >300 μm) contained orthogonally interconnected macro-channels generated by the extracted PEG. The diameter of the macro-channels was varied by tuning the dispensing parameters of the 3D bioplotter. The in vitro cell culture using murine MC3T3-E1 cell line for 21 days demonstrated that these scaffolds could provide a favorable environment to support cell adhesion and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Akbarzadeh
- Department of Chemical, Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, 650 E High Street, Oxford, OH, 45056, USA
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25
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Ding W, Chen Y, Liu Z, Yang S. In situ nano-fibrillation of microinjection molded poly(lactic acid)/poly(ε-caprolactone) blends and comparison with conventional injection molding. RSC Adv 2015. [DOI: 10.1039/c5ra15402b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
During microinjection molding, there are highly oriented PCL nanofibrils in situ formed, while during conventional injection molding, there are oriented microfibrils in situ formed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Yinghong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Zhuo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
| | - Sen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering
- Polymer Research Institute
- Sichuan University
- Chengdu 610065
- China
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26
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Boerckel JD, Mason DE, McDermott AM, Alsberg E. Microcomputed tomography: approaches and applications in bioengineering. Stem Cell Res Ther 2014; 5:144. [PMID: 25689288 PMCID: PMC4290379 DOI: 10.1186/scrt534] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Microcomputed tomography (microCT) has become a standard and essential tool for quantifying structure-function relationships, disease progression, and regeneration in preclinical models and has facilitated numerous scientific and bioengineering advancements over the past 30 years. In this article, we recount the early events that led to the initial development of microCT and review microCT approaches for quantitative evaluation of bone, cartilage, and cardiovascular structures, with applications in fundamental structure-function analysis, disease, tissue engineering, and numerical modeling. Finally, we address several next-generation approaches under active investigation to improve spatial resolution, acquisition time, tissue contrast, radiation dose, and functional and molecular information.
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27
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Huang CL, Lee WL, Loo JS. Drug-eluting scaffolds for bone and cartilage regeneration. Drug Discov Today 2014; 19:714-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2013.11.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2013] [Revised: 10/16/2013] [Accepted: 11/06/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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28
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Akbarzadeh R, Yousefi AM. Effects of processing parameters in thermally induced phase separation technique on porous architecture of scaffolds for bone tissue engineering. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2014; 102:1304-15. [PMID: 24425207 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.33101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 105] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2013] [Revised: 11/16/2013] [Accepted: 12/17/2013] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Tissue engineering makes use of 3D scaffolds to sustain three-dimensional growth of cells and guide new tissue formation. To meet the multiple requirements for regeneration of biological tissues and organs, a wide range of scaffold fabrication techniques have been developed, aiming to produce porous constructs with the desired pore size range and pore morphology. Among different scaffold fabrication techniques, thermally induced phase separation (TIPS) method has been widely used in recent years because of its potential to produce highly porous scaffolds with interconnected pore morphology. The scaffold architecture can be closely controlled by adjusting the process parameters, including polymer type and concentration, solvent composition, quenching temperature and time, coarsening process, and incorporation of inorganic particles. The objective of this review is to provide information pertaining to the effect of these parameters on the architecture and properties of the scaffolds fabricated by the TIPS technique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Akbarzadeh
- Department of Chemical Paper and Biomedical Engineering, Miami University, Oxford, Ohio, 45056
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Eslahi N, Hadjighassem MR, Joghataei MT, Mirzapour T, Bakhtiyari M, Shakeri M, Pirhajati V, Shirinbayan P, Koruji M. The effects of poly L-lactic acid nanofiber scaffold on mouse spermatogonial stem cell culture. Int J Nanomedicine 2013; 8:4563-76. [PMID: 24348035 PMCID: PMC3848747 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s45535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION A 3D-nanofiber scaffold acts in a similar way to the extracellular matrix (ECM)/basement membrane that enhances the proliferation and self-renewal of stem cells. The goal of the present study was to investigate the effects of a poly L-lactic acid (PLLA) nanofiber scaffold on frozen-thawed neonate mouse spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) and testis tissues. METHODS The isolated spermatogonial cells were divided into six culture groups: (1) fresh spermatogonial cells, (2) fresh spermatogonial cells seeded onto PLLA, (3) frozen-thawed spermatogonial cells, (4) frozen-thawed spermatogonial cells seeded onto PLLA, (5) spermatogonial cells obtained from frozen-thawed testis tissue, and (6) spermatogonial cells obtained from frozen-thawed testis tissue seeded onto PLLA. Spermatogonial cells and testis fragments were cryopreserved and cultured for 3 weeks. Cluster assay was performed during the culture. The presence of spermatogonial cells in the culture was determined by a reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction for spermatogonial markers (Oct4, GFRα-1, PLZF, Mvh(VASA), Itgα6, and Itgβ1), as well as the ultrastructural study of cell clusters and SSCs transplantation to a recipient azoospermic mouse. The significance of the data was analyzed using the repeated measures and analysis of variance. RESULTS The findings indicated that the spermatogonial cells seeded on PLLA significantly increased in vitro spermatogonial cell cluster formations in comparison with the control groups (culture of SSCs not seeded on PLLA) (P≤0.001). The viability rate for the frozen cells after thawing was 63.00% ± 3.56%. This number decreased significantly (40.00% ± 0.82%) in spermatogonial cells obtained from the frozen-thawed testis tissue. Both groups, however, showed in vitro cluster formation. Although the expression of spermatogonial markers was maintained after 3 weeks of culture, there was a significant downregulation for some spermatogonial genes in the experimental groups compared with those of the control groups. Furthermore, transplantation assay and transmission electron microscopy studies suggested the presence of SSCs among the cultured cells. CONCLUSION Although PLLA can increase the in vitro cluster formation of neonate fresh and frozen-thawed spermatogonial cells, it may also cause them to differentiate during cultivation. The study therefore has implications for SSCs proliferation and germ cell differentiation in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neda Eslahi
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahmoud Reza Hadjighassem
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Department of Neurosciences, School of Advanced Medical Technologies, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Taghi Joghataei
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Tooba Mirzapour
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Mehrdad Bakhtiyari
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Malak Shakeri
- Department of Animal Science, Agricultural Campus, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Vahid Pirhajati
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peymaneh Shirinbayan
- Pediatric Neuro-Rehabilitation Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Morteza Koruji
- Cellular and Molecular Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran ; Department of Anatomical Sciences, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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Lv Q, Deng M, Ulery BD, Nair LS, Laurencin CT. Nano-ceramic composite scaffolds for bioreactor-based bone engineering. Clin Orthop Relat Res 2013; 471:2422-33. [PMID: 23436161 PMCID: PMC3705070 DOI: 10.1007/s11999-013-2859-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Composites of biodegradable polymers and bioactive ceramics are candidates for tissue-engineered scaffolds that closely match the properties of bone. We previously developed a porous, three-dimensional poly (D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLAGA)/nanohydroxyapatite (n-HA) scaffold as a potential bone tissue engineering matrix suitable for high-aspect ratio vessel (HARV) bioreactor applications. However, the physical and cellular properties of this scaffold are unknown. The present study aims to evaluate the effect of n-HA in modulating PLAGA scaffold properties and human mesenchymal stem cell (HMSC) responses in a HARV bioreactor. QUESTIONS/PURPOSES By comparing PLAGA/n-HA and PLAGA scaffolds, we asked whether incorporation of n-HA (1) accelerates scaffold degradation and compromises mechanical integrity; (2) promotes HMSC proliferation and differentiation; and (3) enhances HMSC mineralization when cultured in HARV bioreactors. METHODS PLAGA/n-HA scaffolds (total number = 48) were loaded into HARV bioreactors for 6 weeks and monitored for mass, molecular weight, mechanical, and morphological changes. HMSCs were seeded on PLAGA/n-HA scaffolds (total number = 38) and cultured in HARV bioreactors for 28 days. Cell migration, proliferation, osteogenic differentiation, and mineralization were characterized at four selected time points. The same amount of PLAGA scaffolds were used as controls. RESULTS The incorporation of n-HA did not alter the scaffold degradation pattern. PLAGA/n-HA scaffolds maintained their mechanical integrity throughout the 6 weeks in the dynamic culture environment. HMSCs seeded on PLAGA/n-HA scaffolds showed elevated proliferation, expression of osteogenic phenotypic markers, and mineral deposition as compared with cells seeded on PLAGA scaffolds. HMSCs migrated into the scaffold center with nearly uniform cell and extracellular matrix distribution in the scaffold interior. CONCLUSIONS The combination of PLAGA/n-HA scaffolds with HMSCs in HARV bioreactors may allow for the generation of engineered bone tissue. CLINICAL RELEVANCE In cases of large bone voids (such as bone cancer), tissue-engineered constructs may provide alternatives to traditional bone grafts by culturing patients' own MSCs with PLAGA/n-HA scaffolds in a HARV culture system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing Lv
- Institute for Regenerative Engineering, University of Connecticut Health Center, Farmington, CT 06003, USA
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Hu WW, Wang Z, Krebsbach PH. Virus immobilization on biomaterial scaffolds through biotin-avidin interaction for improving bone regeneration. J Tissue Eng Regen Med 2013; 10:E63-72. [PMID: 23798490 DOI: 10.1002/term.1774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2012] [Revised: 04/15/2013] [Accepted: 04/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
To spatially control therapeutic gene delivery for potential tissue engineering applications, a biotin-avidin interaction strategy was applied to immobilize viral vectors on biomaterial scaffolds. Both adenoviral vectors and gelatin sponges were biotinylated and avidin was applied to link them in a virus-biotin-avidin-biotin-material (VBABM) arrangement. The tethered viral particles were stably maintained within scaffolds and SEM images illustrated that viral particles were evenly distributed in three-dimensional (3D) gelatin sponges. An in vivo study demonstrated that transgene expression was restricted to the implant sites only and transduction efficiency was improved using this conjugation method. For an orthotopic bone regeneration model, adenovirus encoding BMP-2 (AdBMP2) was immobilized to gelatin sponges before implanting into critical-sized bone defects in rat calvaria. Compared to gelatin sponges with AdBMP2 loaded in a freely suspended form, the VBABM method enhanced gene transfer and bone regeneration was significantly improved. These results suggest that biotin-avidin immobilization of viral vectors to biomaterial scaffolds may be an effective strategy to facilitate tissue regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Wen Hu
- Department of Biological and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Department of Chemical and Materials Engineering, National Central University, Jhongli City, Taiwan.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Zhuo Wang
- Department of Biological and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Paul H Krebsbach
- Department of Biological and Materials Sciences, University of Michigan School of Dentistry, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
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Saito E, Suarez-Gonzalez D, Rao RR, Stegemann JP, Murphy WL, Hollister SJ. Use of micro-computed tomography to nondestructively characterize biomineral coatings on solid freeform fabricated poly (L-lactic acid) and poly ((ε-caprolactone) scaffolds in vitro and in vivo. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2013; 19:507-17. [PMID: 23134479 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2012.0495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Biomineral coatings have been extensively used to enhance the osteoconductivity of polymeric scaffolds. Numerous porous scaffolds have previously been coated with a bone-like apatite mineral through incubation in simulated body fluid (SBF). However, characterization of the mineral layer formed on scaffolds, including the amount of mineral within the scaffolds, often requires destructive methods. We have developed a method using micro-computed tomography (μ-CT) scanning to nondestructively quantify the amount of mineral in vitro and in vivo on biodegradable scaffolds made of poly (L-lactic acid) (PLLA) and poly (ε-caprolactone) (PCL). PLLA and PCL scaffolds were fabricated using an indirect solid freeform fabrication (SFF) technique to achieve orthogonally interconnected pore architectures. Biomineral coatings were formed on the fabricated PLLA and PCL scaffolds after incubation in modified SBF (mSBF). Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction confirmed the formation of an apatite-like mineral. The scaffolds were implanted into mouse ectopic sites for 3 and 10 weeks. The presence of a biomineral coating within the porous scaffolds was confirmed through plastic embedding and μ-CT techniques. Tissue mineral content (TMC) and volume of mineral on the scaffold surfaces detected by μ-CT had a strong correlation with the amount of calcium measured by the orthocresolphthalein complex-one (OCPC) method before and after implantation. There was a strong correlation between OCPC pre- and postimplantation and μ-CT measured TMC (R(2)=0.96 preimplant; R(2)=0.90 postimplant) and mineral volume (R(2)=0.96 preimplant; R(2)=0.89 postimplant). The μ-CT technique showed increases in mineral following implantation, suggesting that μ-CT can be used to nondestructively determine the amount of calcium on coated scaffolds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eiji Saito
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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Sun Y, Finne-Wistrand A, Albertsson AC, Xing Z, Mustafa K, Hendrikson WJ, Grijpma DW, Moroni L. Degradable amorphous scaffolds with enhanced mechanical properties and homogeneous cell distribution produced by a three-dimensional fiber deposition method. J Biomed Mater Res A 2012; 100:2739-49. [DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.34210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2012] [Accepted: 03/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Abstract
There remains a substantial shortfall in the treatment of severe skeletal injuries. The current gold standard of autologous bone grafting from the same patient has many undesirable side effects associated such as donor site morbidity. Tissue engineering seeks to offer a solution to this problem. The primary requirements for tissue-engineered scaffolds have already been well established, and many materials, such as polyesters, present themselves as potential candidates for bone defects; they have comparable structural features, but they often lack the required osteoconductivity to promote adequate bone regeneration. By combining these materials with biological growth factors, which promote the infiltration of cells into the scaffold as well as the differentiation into the specific cell and tissue type, it is possible to increase the formation of new bone. However due to the cost and potential complications associated with growth factors, controlling the rate of release is an important design consideration when developing new bone tissue engineering strategies. This paper will cover recent research in the area of encapsulation and release of growth factors within a variety of different polymeric scaffolds.
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