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Crowley C, Butler CR, Camilli C, Hynds RE, Kolluri KK, Janes SM, De Coppi P, Urbani L. Non-Invasive Longitudinal Bioluminescence Imaging of Human Mesoangioblasts in Bioengineered Esophagi. Tissue Eng Part C Methods 2020; 25:103-113. [PMID: 30648471 PMCID: PMC6389770 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tec.2018.0351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Esophageal engineering aims to create replacement solutions by generating hollow organs using a combination of cells, scaffolds, and regeneration-stimulating factors. Currently, the fate of cells on tissue-engineered grafts is generally determined retrospectively by histological analyses. Unfortunately, quality-controlled cell seeding protocols for application in human patients are not standard practice. As such, the field requires simple, fast, and reliable techniques for non-invasive, highly specific cell tracking. Here, we show that bioluminescence imaging (BLI) is a suitable method to track human mesoangioblast seeding of an esophageal tubular construct at every stage of the preclinical bioengineering pipeline. In particular, validation of BLI as longitudinal quantitative assessment of cell density, proliferation, seeding efficiency, bioreactor culture, and cell survival upon implantation in vivo was performed against standard methods in 2D cultures and in 3D decellularized esophageal scaffolds. The technique is simple, non-invasive, and provides information on mesoangioblast distribution over entire scaffolds. Bioluminescence is an invaluable tool in the development of complex bioartificial organs and can assist in the development of standardized cell seeding protocols, with the ability to track cells from bioreactor through to implantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Crowley
- 1 Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Colin R Butler
- 1 Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,2 Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Carlotta Camilli
- 1 Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Robert E Hynds
- 2 Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Krishna K Kolluri
- 2 Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sam M Janes
- 2 Lungs for Living Research Centre, UCL Respiratory, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paolo De Coppi
- 1 Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Luca Urbani
- 1 Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Section, UCL Institute of Child Health and Great Ormond Street Children's Hospital, University College London, London, United Kingdom.,3 Institute of Hepatology London, Foundation for Liver Research, London, United Kingdom
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2
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Sun X, Altalhi W, Nunes SS. Vascularization strategies of engineered tissues and their application in cardiac regeneration. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2016; 96:183-94. [PMID: 26056716 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2015.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2015] [Revised: 05/27/2015] [Accepted: 06/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The primary function of vascular networks is to transport blood and deliver oxygen and nutrients to tissues, which occurs at the interface of the microvasculature. Therefore, the formation of the vessels at the microcirculatory level, or angiogenesis, is critical for tissue regeneration and repair. Current strategies for vascularization of engineered tissues have incorporated multi-disciplinary approaches including engineered biomaterials, cells and angiogenic factors. Pre-vascularization of scaffolds composed of native matrix, synthetic polymers, or other biological materials can be achieved through the use of single cells in mono or co-culture, in combination or not with angiogenic factors or by the use of isolated vessels. The advance of these methods, together with a growing understanding of the biology behind vascularization, has facilitated the development of vascularization strategies for engineered tissues with therapeutic potential for tissue regeneration and repair. Here, we review the different cell-based strategies utilized to pre-vascularize engineered tissues and in making more complex vascularized cardiac tissues for regenerative medicine applications.
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Garcia-Gomez I, Gudehithlu KP, Arruda JAL, Singh AK. Autologous tissue patch rich in stem cells created in the subcutaneous tissue. World J Stem Cells 2015; 7:1127-1136. [PMID: 26435772 PMCID: PMC4584236 DOI: 10.4252/wjsc.v7.i8.1127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2014] [Revised: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 07/17/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To investigate whether we could create natural autologous tissue patches in the subcutaneous space for organ repair.
METHODS: We implanted the following three types of inert foreign bodies in the subcutaneous tissue of rats to produce autologous tissue patches of different geometries: (1) a large-sized polyvinyl tube (L = 25 mm, internal diameter = 7 mm) sealed at both ends by heat application for obtaining a large flat piece of tissue patch for organ repair; (2) a fine polyvinyl tubing (L = 25 mm, internal diameter = 3 mm) for creating cylindrically shaped grafts for vascular or nerve repair; and (3) a slurry of polydextran particle gel for inducing a bladder-like tissue. Implantation of inert materials was carried out by making a small incision on one or either side of the thoracic-lumbar region of rats. Subcutaneous pockets were created by blunt dissection around the incision into which the inert bodies were inserted (1 or 2 per rat). The incisions were closed with silk sutures, and the animals were allowed to recover. In case of the polydextran gel slurry 5 mL of the slurry was injected in the subcutaneous space using an 18 gauge needle. After implanting the foreign bodies a newly regenerated encapsulating tissue developed around the foreign bodies. The tissues were harvested after 4-42 d of implantation and studied by gross examination, histology, and histochemistry for organization, vascularity, and presence of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) (CD271+CD34+ cells).
RESULTS: Implanting a large cylindrically shaped polyvinyl tube resulted in a large flat sheet of tissue that could be tailored to a specific size and shape for use as a tissue patch for repairing large organs. Implanting a smaller sized polyvinyl tube yielded a cylindrical tissue that could be useful for repairing nerves and blood vessels. This type of patch could be obtained in different lengths by varying the length of the implanted tube. Implanting a suspension of inert polydextran suspension gave rise to a bladder-like tissue that could be potentially used for repairing heart valves. Histologically, the three different types of tissue patches generated were organized similarly, consisting of three layers, increasing in thickness until day 14. The inner layer in contact with the inert material was avascular; a middle layer that was highly vascular and filled with matrix, and an outer layer consisting of loose connective tissue. MSCs identified as CD271+CD34+ cells were present in the medial layer and around major blood vessels at day 4 but absent at later time points. The early-harvested tissues, endowed with MSCs, could be used for tissue repair, while the later-harvested tissues, being less vascular but thicker and tougher, could be used as filler tissue for cosmetic purposes.
CONCLUSION: An autologous, vascularized tissue patch of desired shape and size can be created in the subcutaneous space by implanting different types of inert bodies.
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Wong LL, Wee ASY, Lim JY, Ng JYX, Chong JPC, Liew OW, Lilyanna S, Martinez EC, Ackers-Johnson MA, Vardy LA, Armugam A, Jeyaseelan K, Ng TP, Lam CSP, Foo RSY, Richards AM, Chen YT. Natriuretic peptide receptor 3 (NPR3) is regulated by microRNA-100. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2015; 82:13-21. [PMID: 25736855 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2014] [Revised: 02/18/2015] [Accepted: 02/21/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Natriuretic peptide receptor 3 (NPR3) is the clearance receptor for the cardiac natriuretic peptides (NPs). By modulating the level of NPs, NPR3 plays an important role in cardiovascular homeostasis. Although the physiological functions of NPR3 have been explored, little is known about its regulation in health or disease. MicroRNAs play an essential role in the post-transcriptional expression of many genes. Our aim was to investigate potential microRNA-based regulation of NPR3 in multiple models. Hypoxic challenge elevated levels of NPPB and ADM mRNA, as well as NT-proBNP and MR-proADM in human left ventricle derived cardiac cells (HCMa), and in the corresponding conditioned medium, as revealed by qRT-PCR and ELISA. NPR3 was decreased while NPR1 was increased by hypoxia at mRNA and protein levels in HCMa. Down-regulation of NPR3 mRNA was also observed in infarct and peri-infarct cardiac tissue from rats undergoing myocardial infarction. From microRNA microarray analyses and microRNA target predictive databases, miR-100 was selected as a candidate regulator of NPR3 expression. Further analyses confirmed up-regulation of miR-100 in hypoxic cells and associated conditioned media. Antagomir-based silencing of miR-100 enhanced NPR3 expression in HCMa. Furthermore, miR-100 levels were markedly up-regulated in rat hearts and in peripheral blood after myocardial infarction and in the blood from heart failure patients. Results from this study point to a role for miR-100 in the regulation of NPR3 expression, and suggest a possible therapeutic target for modulation of NP bioactivity in heart disease.
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MESH Headings
- 3' Untranslated Regions
- Adrenomedullin/genetics
- Adrenomedullin/metabolism
- Aged
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Binding Sites
- Case-Control Studies
- Culture Media, Conditioned/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Down-Regulation
- Female
- Gene Expression Profiling
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Heart Failure/blood
- Heart Failure/genetics
- Heart Failure/metabolism
- Humans
- Hypoxia/genetics
- Hypoxia/metabolism
- Male
- MicroRNAs/chemistry
- MicroRNAs/genetics
- Middle Aged
- Myocardial Infarction/blood
- Myocardial Infarction/genetics
- Myocardial Infarction/metabolism
- Myocytes, Cardiac/metabolism
- Natriuretic Peptide, Brain/metabolism
- Peptide Fragments/metabolism
- Protein Precursors/metabolism
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Messenger/chemistry
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Rats
- Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor/chemistry
- Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor/genetics
- Receptors, Atrial Natriuretic Factor/metabolism
- Time Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee Lee Wong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Abby S Y Wee
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jia Yuen Lim
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jessica Y X Ng
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jenny P C Chong
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Oi Wah Liew
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Shera Lilyanna
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Eliana C Martinez
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Matthew Andrew Ackers-Johnson
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Leah A Vardy
- A*STAR Institute of Medical Biology, Singapore; Department of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Arunmozhiarasi Armugam
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Kandiah Jeyaseelan
- Department of Biochemistry, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Department of Anatomy and Developmental Biology, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Nursing and Health Sciences, Monash University, Victoria, Australia
| | - Tze P Ng
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Cardiac Department, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Carolyn S P Lam
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Cardiac Department, National University Health System, Singapore
| | - Roger S Y Foo
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Arthur Mark Richards
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Cardiac Department, National University Health System, Singapore; Christchurch Heart Institute, University of Otago, Christchurch, New Zealand
| | - Yei-Tsung Chen
- Cardiovascular Research Institute, National University Health System, Singapore; Department of Medicine, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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Martinez EC, Vu DT, Wang J, Lilyanna S, Ling LH, Gan SU, Tan AL, Phan TT, Lee CN, Kofidis T. Grafts enriched with subamnion-cord-lining mesenchymal stem cell angiogenic spheroids induce post-ischemic myocardial revascularization and preserve cardiac function in failing rat hearts. Stem Cells Dev 2013; 22:3087-99. [PMID: 23869939 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2013.0119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
A crucial question in post-ischemic cell therapy refers to the ideal method of cell delivery to the heart. We hypothesized that epicardial implantation of subamnion-cord-lining mesenchymal stem cells (CL-MSC) angiogenic spheroids embedded within fibrin grafts (SASG) facilitates donor cell survival and enhances cardiac function in failing rat hearts. Furthermore, we compared the efficacy of this approach applied through two delivery methods. Spheroids made of 1.5×10(4) human CL-MSC coated with 2×10(3) human umbilical vein endothelial cells were self-assembled in hanging drops. SASG were constructed by embedding 150 spheroids in fibrin matrix. Except for untreated rats (MI, n=8), grafts were implanted 2 weeks after myocardial infarction upon confirmation of ensued heart failure through thoracotomy: SASG (n=8) and fibrin graft (FG, n=8); or video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS): SASG-VATS (n=8) and FG-VATS (n=7). In vivo CL-MSC survival was comparable between both SASG-treated groups throughout the study. SASG and SASG-VATS animals had decreased left ventricular end-diastolic pressure relative to untreated animals, and increased fractional shortening compared to MI and FG controls, 4 weeks after treatment. A 14.1% and 6.2% enhancement in ejection fraction from week 2 to 6 after injury was observed in SASG/SASG-VATS, paralleled by improvement in cardiac output. Treated hearts had smaller scar size, and more blood vessels than MI, while donor CL-MSC contributed to arteriogenesis within the graft and infarct areas. Taken together, our data suggest that SASG treatment has the potential to restore failing hearts by preserving cardiac function and inducing myocardial revascularization, while attenuating cardiac fibrosis. Furthermore, we introduce a method for minimally invasive in situ graft assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliana C Martinez
- 1 Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore , Singapore, Singapore
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Lilyanna S, Martinez EC, Vu TD, Ling LH, Gan SU, Tan AL, Phan TT, Kofidis T. Cord lining-mesenchymal stem cells graft supplemented with an omental flap induces myocardial revascularization and ameliorates cardiac dysfunction in a rat model of chronic ischemic heart failure. Tissue Eng Part A 2013; 19:1303-15. [PMID: 23448654 DOI: 10.1089/ten.tea.2012.0407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Myocardial restoration using tissue-engineered grafts to regenerate the ischemic myocardium offers improved donor cell retention, yet a limited cell survival resulting from poor vascularization needs to be addressed. A cell type derived from the subamnion, namely, cord-lining mesenchymal stem cells (CL-MSC), has recently been identified. Here we present a restorative strategy that combines a fibrin graft containing human CL-MSC and omental flap providing, thereby, cell-, structural-, and angiogenic support to the injured myocardium. The graft consisted of a mixture of 2×10(6) CL-MSC-GFP-Fluc and fibrin. Myocardial infarction (MI) was induced in nude rats and following confirmation of ensued heart failure with echocardiography 2 weeks after injury, therapeutic intervention was performed as follows: untreated (MI, n=7), CL-MSC graft (CL-MSCG, n=8), CL-MSCG and omental flap (CL-MSCG+OM, n=11), and omental flap (OM, n=8). In vivo bioluminescence imaging at 1, 3, 7, and 14 days post-treatment indicated comparable early donor cell viability between the CL-MSCG and CL-MSCG+OM. Treatment with CL-MSCG+OM improved the myocardial function as assessed by the measurement of end-diastolic left ventricular (LV) pressure (3.53±0.34 vs. 5.21±0.54 mmHg, p<0.05), contractility (+dP/dt, 3383.8±250.78 mmHg vs. 2464.9±191.8 mmHg, p<0.05), and the relaxation rate (-dP/dt, -2707.2±250.7 mmHg vs. 1948.7±207.8 mmHg, p<0.05), compared to MI control 6 weeks after ischemic injury. Furthermore, evidence of a 20.32% increase in the ejection fraction was observed in CL-MSCG+OM rats from week 2 to 6 after injury. Both CL-MSCG and CL-MSCG+OM led to an enhanced cardiac output (p<0.05), and attenuated the infarct size (35.7%±4.2% and 34.7%±4.8%), as compared to MI (60.7%±3.1%; p<0.01 and p<0.001, respectively). All treated groups had a higher arteriole density than controls. Yet, a higher amount of functional blood vessels, and a 20-fold increase in arteriole numbers were found in CL-MSCG+OM. Altogether, CL-MSCGs supplemented with vascular supply have the potential to repair the failing, chronically ischemic heart by improving myocardial revascularization, attenuating remodeling, and ameliorating cardiac dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shera Lilyanna
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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Haneef K, Lila N, Benadda S, Legrand F, Carpentier A, Chachques JC. Development of bioartificial myocardium by electrostimulation of 3D collagen scaffolds seeded with stem cells. Heart Int 2012. [PMID: 23185681 PMCID: PMC3504306 DOI: 10.4081/hi.2012.e14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Electrostimulation (ES) can be defined as a safe physical method to induce stem cell differentiation. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effectiveness of ES on bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) seeded in collagen scaffolds in terms of proliferation and differentiation into cardiomyocytes. BMSCs were isolated from Wistar rats and seeded into 3D collagen type 1 templates measuring 25 × 25 × 6 mm. Bipolar in vitro ES was performed during 21 days. Electrical impedance and cell proliferation were measured. Expression of cardiac markers was assessed by immunocytochemistry. Viscoelasticity of collagen matrix was evaluated. Electrical impedance assessments showed a low resistance of 234±41 Ohms which indicates good electrical conductivity of collagen matrix. Cell proliferation at 570 nm as significantly increased in ES groups after seven day (ES 0.129±0.03 vs non-stimulated control matrix 0.06±0.01, P=0.002) and after 21 days, (ES 0.22±0.04 vs control 0.13±0.01, P=0.01). Immunocytoche mistry of BMSCs after 21 days ES showed positive staining of cardiac markers, troponin I, connexin 43, sarcomeric alpha-actinin, slow myosin, fast myosin and desmin. Staining for BMSCs marker CD29 after 21 days was negative. Electrostimulation of cell-seeded collagen matrix changed stem cell morphology and biochemical characteristics, increasing the expression of cardiac markers. Thus, MSC-derived differentiated cells by electrostimulation grafted in biological scaffolds might result in a convenient tissue engineering source for myocardial diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanwal Haneef
- University Paris Descartes, Pompidou Hospital, Laboratory of Biosurgical Research (LRB), Paris
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