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Ermler S, Kortenkamp A. Systematic review of associations of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure with declining semen quality in support of the derivation of reference doses for mixture risk assessments. Environ Health 2022; 21:94. [PMID: 36217156 PMCID: PMC9552438 DOI: 10.1186/s12940-022-00904-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mixture risk assessments require reference doses for common health endpoints of all the chemicals to be considered together. In support of a mixture risk assessment for male reproductive health, we conducted a systematic review of the literature on associations between exposures to Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) and declines in semen quality. PCBs can act as Aryl-hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR)-agonists and Androgen Receptor (AR)-antagonists, both mechanisms which can affect sperm parameters. PCBs and other AR-antagonists can produce additive combination effects. Based on these observations our objective was to systematically gather data from animal and human studies to derive a reference dose for declines in semen quality for individual PCB. METHODS We systematically reviewed and evaluated the evidence in human epidemiological and experimental animal studies on associations between PCBs and deteriorations in semen quality. Human data and findings from animal studies with PCB mixtures were considered as supporting evidence. Information for individual congeners from animal studies was required for inclusion in mixture risk assessment. Using a robust confidence rating approach, we identified suitable studies to derive reference doses for individual PCB congeners. RESULTS Evaluation of human epidemiological studies revealed several reports of adverse effects on sperm parameters linked to PCB exposures, although some studies reported improved semen quality. Our review of experimental animal studies found that treatments with PCBs affected semen quality, in most cases adversely. We found robust evidence that PCB-118 and -169 were linked to declines in semen quality. Evidence for adverse effects of PCB-126, -132, -149, and -153 was moderate, whereas for PCB-77 it was slight and for PCB-180 indeterminate. Using widely accepted risk assessment procedures, we estimated reference dose values of 0.0029 µg/kg/day for PCB-118 and 0.00533 µg/kg/day for PCB-169. In addition, we derived values for PCB-126: 0.000073 µg/kg/day, PCB-132: 0.0228 µg/kg/day, PCB-149: 0.656 µg/kg/day, and PCB-153: 0.0058 µg/kg/day. CONCLUSIONS We found robust evidence for links between PCB exposure and deteriorations in semen quality, and derived reference doses for a set of congeners. We intend to use these values in combination with congener-specific exposure data in a mixture risk assessment for declines in semen quality, involving several other antiandrogenic chemicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibylle Ermler
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Centre for Pollution Research and Policy, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK.
| | - Andreas Kortenkamp
- College of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Centre for Pollution Research and Policy, Brunel University London, Kingston Lane, Uxbridge, UB8 3PH, UK
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Brankovič J, Jan J, Fazarinc G, Vrecl M. Bone tissue morphology of rat offspring lactationally exposed to polychlorinated biphenyl 169 and 155. Sci Rep 2020; 10:19016. [PMID: 33149271 PMCID: PMC7642367 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-76057-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are ubiquitous, persistent, organic pollutants also considered endocrine-disrupting chemicals. Our study examined the effects of lactational exposure to nondioxin-like PCB-155 and/or dioxin-like PCB-169 on longitudinal femur growth at the distal epiphyseal growth plate (EGP) in young rats at three different ages [postnatal days (PNDs) 9, 22, and 42]. After delivery, lactating rats were divided into four groups (PCB-169, PCB-155, PCB-155 + 169, and control) and administered PCBs intraperitoneally. The femurs of offspring were used to estimate growth rate (µm/day), and histomorphometric analysis on the distal femur included the thickness of the EGP and zones of proliferation and hypertrophy with calcification. Stereometry was used to determine trabecular bone volume density. In the PCB-169 and PCB-155 + 169 groups, PCB-169 affected longitudinal bone growth in the early postnatal period by interfering with chondrocytes in the EGP zone of proliferation and, to a lesser extent, the zone of hypertrophy. Morphometric alterations in EGP structure diminished until puberty. A slow growth rate persisted in the PCB-169 group until PND 42, while in the PCB-155 group, a fast growth rate between PNDs 9 to 22 was significantly reduced between PNDs 22 to 42. Sterometric assessment showed decreased trabecular bone volume in the PCB-155 + 169 group compared with that in the control on PND 9 and increased in the PCB-169 group compared with that in the PCB-155 group on PND 42. To summarize, studied PCB congeners exerted congener- and age-dependent effects on femur growth rate and its histomorphometric characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Brankovič
- Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Janja Jan
- Department of Dental Diseases and Normal Dental Morphology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Hrvatski Trg 6, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Gregor Fazarinc
- Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Milka Vrecl
- Institute of Preclinical Sciences, Veterinary Faculty, University of Ljubljana, Gerbičeva 60, Ljubljana, Slovenia
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Thangavelu SK, Elaiyapillai SP, Ramachandran I, Bhaskaran RS, Jagadeesan A. Lactational exposure of polychlorinated biphenyls impair Leydig cellular steroidogenesis in F1 progeny rats. Reprod Toxicol 2018; 75:73-85. [DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2017.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/28/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Eskenazi B, Rauch SA, Tenerelli R, Huen K, Holland NT, Lustig RH, Kogut K, Bradman A, Sjödin A, Harley KG. In utero and childhood DDT, DDE, PBDE and PCBs exposure and sex hormones in adolescent boys: The CHAMACOS study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2016; 220:364-372. [PMID: 27876543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2016.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2016] [Revised: 10/30/2016] [Accepted: 11/02/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT), polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) flame retardants, and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are believed to be endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) in humans and animals. The purpose of this study is to examine the relationship of in utero and childhood exposure to these purported EDCs and reproductive hormones in adolescent boys who participated in CHAMACOS, an ongoing birth cohort in California's Salinas Valley. We measured o,p'- and p,p'-DDT, p,p'-DDE, PBDEs and PCBs in serum collected from mothers during pregnancy or at delivery and from their sons at 9 years. We measured concentrations of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH), and total testosterone (T) from 234 of their sons at 12 years. In adjusted models, we found that a 10-fold increase in maternal prenatal serum concentrations of BDE-153 was associated with a 22.2% increase (95% CI: 1.0, 47.9) in FSH, a 96.6% increase (95% CI: 35.7, 184.7) in LH, and a 92.4% increase (95% CI: 20.9, 206.2) increase in T. Similarly, BDE-100 concentrations were associated with increases in boys' LH levels. A 10-fold increase in total prenatal ΣPCBs was associated with a 64.5% increase (95% CI: 8.6, 149.0) in FSH, primarily driven by non- dioxin-like congeners. Boys' hormone levels were only marginally associated with prenatal DDT or DDE in primary models, but when boys' Tanner stage at age 12 was added to models, prenatal maternal DDT levels were associated with decreases in LH (adjusted percent change per 10-fold increase=-18.5%, 95% CI: -29.8, -5.4) and T (percent change=-18.2%, 95% CI: -30.2, -4.2) and DDE with LH (percent change=-18.3%, 95% CI: -32.9, -0.6). Exposures measured in the children's serum at 9 years also showed associations between BDE-153 and ΣPCBs. However, there is evidence that these associations appear to be mediated by child BMI. This study suggests associations on male hormones of 12year old boys related to exposure to certain EDC exposure prenatally. The implications on future reproductive function in puberty and adulthood should be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brenda Eskenazi
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA.
| | - Stephen A Rauch
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Rachel Tenerelli
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Karen Huen
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Nina T Holland
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Robert H Lustig
- Department of Pediatrics, University of California, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Katherine Kogut
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Asa Bradman
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
| | - Andreas Sjödin
- Division of Laboratory Sciences, National Center for Environmental Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kim G Harley
- Center for Environmental Research and Children's Health (CERCH), School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley, CA, USA
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Yurdakok B, Tekin K, Daskin A, Filazi A. Effects of Polychlorinated Biphenyls 28, 30 and 118 on Bovine SpermatozoaIn Vitro. Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 50:41-7. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2014] [Accepted: 10/05/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- B Yurdakok
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ankara Turkey
| | - K Tekin
- Department of Artificial Insemination and Reproduction; Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ankara Turkey
| | - A Daskin
- Department of Artificial Insemination and Reproduction; Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ankara Turkey
| | - A Filazi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology; Ankara University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine; Ankara Turkey
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Li R, Cao S, Dai J, Wang L, Li L, Wang Y, Yin W, Ye Y. Effect of caffeic acid derivatives on polychlorinated biphenyls induced hepatotoxicity in male mice. J Biomed Res 2014; 28:423-8. [PMID: 25332715 PMCID: PMC4197394 DOI: 10.7555/jbr.28.20120109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2012] [Revised: 12/03/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic exposure to coplanar polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), a potent inducer of toxic reactive oxygen species (ROS), in the environment and food can cause liver diseases. It remains unknown whether caffeic acid derivatives (CADs) exerted protective effect on PCB-induced hepatotoxicity. We sought to evaluate the activities of 3 CADs on PCB169-induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in the liver. Male ICR mice were administered with 1 μmol/mL PCB169 at 5 mL/kg body weight for 2 weeks. The mice were given CADs by gastric gavage for 3 weeks. We found that PCB169 decreased the growth rate and reduced the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) and GSH peroxidase (GPx). It increased the liver weight, malondialdehyde (MDA) and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) levels and CYP1A1 activity in the liver tissues and plasma of mice (P<0.05). Pretreatment of mice with CADs restored the above parameters to normal levels. There was a synergistic protective effect between CADs in preventing MDA and 8-OHdG formation and inducing CYP1A1 and phase II metabolism enzyme (SOD, GPx) activities (P<0.05). In conclusion, PCB169 induced hepatotoxicity and pretreatment with CADs had synergistic protective effects on liver damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruirui Li
- The First People's Hospital of Suqian, Suqian, Jiangsu 223800, Chian
| | - Shuyuan Cao
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Jinfeng Dai
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Li Wang
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Lei Li
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yubang Wang
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Wenqin Yin
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Yuting Ye
- Department of Hygienic Analysis and Detection, School of Public Health, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 211166, China
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Schell LM, Gallo MV, Deane GD, Nelder KR, DeCaprio AP, Jacobs A. Relationships of polychlorinated biphenyls and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p'-DDE) with testosterone levels in adolescent males. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2014; 122:304-309. [PMID: 24398050 PMCID: PMC3948020 DOI: 10.1289/ehp.1205984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2012] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Concern persists over endocrine-disrupting effects of persistent organic pollutants (POPs) on human growth and sexual maturation. Potential effects of toxicant exposures on testosterone levels during puberty are not well characterized. OBJECTIVES In this study we evaluated the relationship between toxicants [polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p´-DDE), hexachlorobenzene (HCB), and lead] and testosterone levels among 127 Akwesasne Mohawk males 10 to < 17 years of age with documented toxicant exposures. METHODS Data were collected between February 1996 and January 2000. Fasting blood specimens were collected before breakfast by trained Akwesasne Mohawk staff. Multivariable regression models were used to estimates associations between toxicants and serum testosterone, adjusted for other toxicants, Tanner stage, and potential confounders. RESULTS The sum of 16 PCB congeners (Σ16PCBs) that were detected in ≥ 50% of the population was significantly and negatively associated with serum testosterone levels, such that a 10% change in exposure was associated with a 5.6% decrease in testosterone (95% CI: -10.8, -0.5%). Of the 16 congeners, the more persistent ones (Σ8PerPCBs) were related to testosterone, whereas the less persistent ones, possibly reflecting more recent exposure, were not. When PCB congeners were subgrouped, the association was significant for the sum of eight more persistent PCBs (5.7% decrease; 95% CI: -11, -0.4%), and stronger than the sum of six less persistent congeners (3.1% decrease; 95% CI: -7.2, 0.9%). p,p´-DDE was positively but not significantly associated with serum testosterone (5.2% increase with a 10% increase in exposure; 95% CI: -0.5, 10.9%). Neither lead nor HCB was significantly associated with testosterone levels. CONCLUSIONS Exposure to PCBs, particularly the more highly persistent congeners, may negatively influence testosterone levels among adolescent males. The positive relationship between p,p´-DDE and testosterone indicates that not all POPs act similarly. CITATION Schell LM, Gallo MV, Deane GD, Nelder KR, DeCaprio AP, Jacobs A; Akwesasne Task Force on the Environment. 2014. Relationships of polychlorinated biphenyls and dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene (p,p´-DDE) with testosterone levels in adolescent males. Environ Health Perspect 122:304-309; http://dx.doi.org/10.1289/ehp.1205984.
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Wang S, Hao C, Gao Z, Chen J, Qiu J. Theoretical investigation on photodechlorination mechanism of polychlorinated biphenyls. CHEMOSPHERE 2014; 95:200-205. [PMID: 24055025 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.08.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2013] [Revised: 08/07/2013] [Accepted: 08/16/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Photodechlorination is a key process affecting the fate and effect of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the environment. However, there are still numerous gaps in our knowledge, which become apparent in photodechlorination mechanism of PCBs. We investigated the conformations of 35 PCB congeners in the ground state and the first triplet excited state (T1), and predicted the photodechlorination pathway of the PCBs by calculating bond dissociation energies of the C-Cl bonds and activation energies of the C-Cl bond dissociation in the excited T1 state. Results show that the torsional degree of the two benzene rings of the PCBs depends on the number of ortho chlorines because of steric effect in the ground state. The two benzene rings of the PCBs with low photoreactivity tend to be coplanar and their torsional degree becomes lower in the excited T1 state compared with those in the ground state. The serious deformation and non-coplane of the benzene rings of some PCBs (e.g. PCB138) in the excited T1 state reduces the conjugation between the two benzene rings, implying that these PCBs have high photoreactivity. The dissociation of the C-Cl bond is the rate-determining step in the photodechlorination reactions of PCBs when the hydrogen donor is methanol. The main photodechlorination pathways predicted in this study are in good agreement with previous experimental results. Our results have provided new insights into mechanism of PCBs photodechlorination, which could be useful in the future in utilizing quantum chemistry calculation in investigating the environmental behavior and fate of organic pollutants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Se Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Fine Chemicals, Dalian University of Technology, Dalian 116024, China
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Cai J, Wang C, Huang L, Chen M, Zuo Z. A Novel Effect of Polychlorinated Biphenyls: Impairment of the Tight Junctions in the Mouse Epididymis. Toxicol Sci 2013; 134:382-90. [DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kft106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Liang J, Zhu H, Li C, Ding Y, Zhou Z, Wu Q. Neonatal exposure to benzo[a]pyrene decreases the levels of serum testosterone and histone H3K14 acetylation of the StAR promoter in the testes of SD rats. Toxicology 2012; 302:285-91. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tox.2012.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2012] [Revised: 08/22/2012] [Accepted: 08/23/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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