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Zhu Z, Deng X, Xie W, Li H, Li Y, Deng Z. Pharmacological effects of bioactive agents in earthworm extract: A comprehensive review. Animal Model Exp Med 2024. [PMID: 38957072 DOI: 10.1002/ame2.12465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 06/17/2024] [Indexed: 07/04/2024] Open
Abstract
This review compiles information from the literature on the chemical composition, pharmacological effects, and molecular mechanisms of earthworm extract (EE) and suggests possibilities for clinical translation of EE. We also consider future trends and concerns in this domain. We summarize the bioactive components of EE, including G-90, lysenin, lumbrokinase, antimicrobial peptides, earthworm serine protease (ESP), and polyphenols, and detail the antitumor, antithrombotic, antiviral, antibacterial, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, antioxidant, wound-healing, antifibrotic, and hypoglycemic activities and mechanisms of action of EE based on existing in vitro and in vivo studies. We further propose the potential of EE for clinical translation in anticancer and lipid-modifying therapies, and its promise as source of a novel agent for wound healing and resistance to antibiotic tolerance. The earthworm enzyme lumbrokinase embodies highly effective anticoagulant and thrombolytic properties and has the advantage of not causing bleeding phenomena due to hyperfibrinolysis. Its antifibrotic properties can reduce the excessive accumulation of extracellular matrix. The glycolipoprotein extract G-90 can effectively scavenge reactive oxygen groups and protect cellular tissues from oxidative damage. Earthworms have evolved a well-developed defense mechanism to fight against microbial infections, and the bioactive agents in EE have shown good antibacterial, fungal, and viral properties in in vitro and in vivo experiments and can alleviate inflammatory responses caused by infections, effectively reducing pain. Recent studies have also highlighted the role of EE in lowering blood glucose. EE shows high medicinal value and is expected to be a source of many bioactive compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xinyi Deng
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Xiangya School of Medicine, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenqing Xie
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Hengzhen Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yusheng Li
- Department of Orthopedics, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhenhan Deng
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
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2
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Ren Z, Zhang Z, Ling L, Liu X, Wang X. Drugs for treating myocardial fibrosis. Front Pharmacol 2023; 14:1221881. [PMID: 37771726 PMCID: PMC10523299 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2023.1221881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Myocardial fibrosis, which is a common pathological manifestation of many cardiovascular diseases, is characterized by excessive proliferation, collagen deposition and abnormal distribution of extracellular matrix fibroblasts. In clinical practice, modern medicines, such as diuretic and β receptor blockers, and traditional Chinese medicines, such as salvia miltiorrhiza and safflower extract, have certain therapeutic effects on myocardial fibrosis. We reviewed some representative modern medicines and traditional Chinese medicines (TCMs) and their related molecular mechanisms for the treatment of myocardial fibrosis. These drugs alleviate myocardial fibrosis by affecting related signaling pathways and inhibiting myocardial fibrosis-related protein synthesis. This review will provide more references and help for the research and treatment of myocardial fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhanhong Ren
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Zixuan Zhang
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Li Ling
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Xiufen Liu
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Diabetes and Angiopathy, Medicine Research Institute, Xianning Medical College, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
| | - Xin Wang
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China
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Xu T, Liu X, Wang S, Kong H, Yu X, Liu C, Song H, Gao P, Zhang X. Effect of Pheretima aspergillum on reducing fibrosis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:1039553. [PMID: 36618931 PMCID: PMC9816480 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1039553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Pheretima aspergillum (common name: Earthworm, Chinese name: dilong) has been used in traditional Chinese medicine for thousands of years. Recently, a few scientific studies have investigated the antifibrotic effects of Dilong extract (DE) and produced controversial results. We conducted a meta-analysis to make an informed decision on the antifibrotic effects of Dilong extract. Methods: The studies on antifibrotic effects of Dilong extract published until July 2022 in the scientific databases [PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), VIP database for Chinese Technical Periodicals, SinoMed and WanFang database] were reviewed. The RevMan 5.4.1 software was used for standardized mean difference (SMD) analysis. Two researchers independently reviewed all the studies, and their quality was assessed using the Cochrane risk of bias tool. Results: A total of 325 studies were found in the scientific databases; however, only 13 studies met the criteria for analysis. Dilong extract treatment was associated with antifibrotic effects via inhibiting the transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1, SMD = -3.16, 95% CI: -4.18, -2.14, p < .00001) and alpha-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA: SMD = -2.57, 95% CI: -3.47, -1.66, p < .00001). Conclusion: Dilong extract effectively reduces tissue fibrosis; thus, further scientific studies should be conducted to investigate and develop it for clinical use. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42022357141.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianren Xu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaonan Liu
- Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Shengguang Wang
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Hongwei Kong
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaojun Yu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Congying Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Huaying Song
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Peng Gao, ; Xin Zhang,
| | - Xin Zhang
- Institute of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, China,*Correspondence: Peng Gao, ; Xin Zhang,
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4
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In silico analyses of predicted substitutions in fibrinolytic protein ‘Lumbrokinase-6’ suggest enhanced activity. Process Biochem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.procbio.2021.08.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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5
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Li Y, Guo S, Yang F, Liu L, Chen Z. Huayu Tongluo Recipe Attenuates Renal Oxidative Stress and Inflammation through the Activation of AMPK/Nrf2 Signaling Pathway in Streptozotocin- (STZ-) Induced Diabetic Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE : ECAM 2021; 2021:5873007. [PMID: 34367305 PMCID: PMC8337136 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5873007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2021] [Revised: 07/07/2021] [Accepted: 07/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a severe microvascular complication of diabetes, is one of the leading causes of end-stage renal disease. Huayu Tongluo Recipe (HTR) has been widely used in the clinical treatment of DN in China, and its efficacy is reliable. This study aimed to explore the renoprotective effect of HTR and the underlying mechanism. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were fed with high sugar and fat diet combined with an intraperitoneal injection of STZ to establish the diabetic model. Rats in each group were respectively given drinking water, HTR, and irbesartan by gavage for 16 weeks. 24-hour urine samples were collected every 4 weeks to detect the content of total protein and 8-OHdG. Blood samples were taken to detect biochemical indicators and inflammatory markers at the end of 16th week. Renal tissue was collected to investigate pathological changes and to detect oxidative stress and inflammatory markers. AMPK/Nrf2 signaling pathway and fibrosis-related proteins were detected by immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, real-time PCR, and western blot. 24h urine total protein (24h UTP), serum creatinine (Scr), blood urea nitrogen (BUN), total cholesterol (TC), and triglyceride (TG) were decreased in the rats treated with HTR, while there was no noticeable change of blood glucose. HTR administration decreased malondialdehyde (MDA) content and increased superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity in kidneys, complying with reduced 8-OHdG in the urine. The levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, and MCP1 and the expression of nuclear NFκB were also lower after HTR treatment. Furthermore, HTR alleviated pathological renal injury and reduced the accumulation of extracellular matrix (ECM). Besides, HTR enhanced the AMPK/Nrf2 signaling and increased the expression of HO-1 while it inhibited the Nox4/TGF-β1 signaling in the kidneys of STZ-induced diabetic rats. HTR can inhibit renal oxidative stress and inflammation to reduce ECM accumulation and protect the kidney through activating the AMPK/Nrf2 signaling pathway in DN.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yachun Li
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Shuai Guo
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Fan Yang
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Lifei Liu
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
| | - Zhiqiang Chen
- Hebei University of Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
- Hebei Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shijiazhuang 050091, China
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6
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Du C, Li Y, Xia X, Du E, Lin Y, Lian J, Ren C, Li S, Wei W, Qin Y. Identification of a novel collagen-like peptide by high-throughput screening for effective wound-healing therapy. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 173:541-553. [PMID: 33493562 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2020] [Revised: 01/06/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Tissue regeneration and wound healing are still serious clinical complications globally and lack satisfactory cures. Inspired by the impressive regeneration ability of the post-injury earthworms and their widely accepted medicinal properties, we screened and identified a novel collagen-like peptide from the amputated earthworms using high-throughput techniques, including transcriptomics, proteomics, and mass spectrum. The identified collagen-like peptide col4a1 was cloned and expressed to comprehensively investigate the wound healing effect and underlying mechanism. It exerted significant effects on wound healing both in vitro and in vivo, including enhanced viability, proliferation, migration of fibroblasts, granulation, and collagen deposition. Moreover, the col4a1 functioned via binding with integrin α2β1 and upregulating the RAS/MAPK signaling pathway. This work demonstrates that the novel collagen-like peptide col4a1 obtained from the amputated earthworms enables enhanced wound healing and provides new opportunities for wound care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunyu Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou 514779, China
| | - Ying Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou 514779, China
| | - Xiaoling Xia
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou 514779, China
| | - Erxia Du
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou 514779, China
| | - Yuhua Lin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Junyi Lian
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China
| | - Chonghua Ren
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou 514779, China
| | - Sheng Li
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou 514779, China
| | - Wei Wei
- MOE & Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Laser Life Science, College of Biophotonics, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China.
| | - Yiru Qin
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, Institute of Insect Science and Technology, School of Life Sciences, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510631, China; Guangmeiyuan R&D Center, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Insect Developmental Biology and Applied Technology, South China Normal University, Meizhou 514779, China.
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7
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Huang PC, Shibu MA, Kuo CH, Han CK, Chen YS, Lo FY, Li H, Viswanadha VP, Lai CH, Li X, Huang CY. Pheretima aspergillum extract attenuates high-KCl-induced mitochondrial injury and pro-fibrotic events in cardiomyoblast cells. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2019; 34:921-927. [PMID: 31066208 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2019] [Accepted: 04/24/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Hyperkalemia is often associated with cardiac dysfunction. In this study an earthworm extract (dilong) was prepared from dried Pheretima aspergillum powder and its effect against high-KCl challenge was determined in H9c2 cardiomyoblast cells. H9c2 cells pre-treated with dilong (31.25, 62.5, 125, and 250 mg/mL) for 24 hours, where challenged with different doses of KCl treatment for 3 hours to determine the protective mechanisms of dilong against cardiac fibrosis. High-KCl administration induced mitochondrial injury and elevated the levels of pro-apoptotic proteins. The mediators of fibrosis such as ERK, uPA, SP1, and CTGF were also found to be upregulated in high-KCl condition. However, dilong treatment enhanced IGF1R/PI3k/Akt activation which is associated with cell survival. In addition, dilong also reversed high-KCl induced cardiac fibrosis related events in H9c2 cells and displayed a strong cardio-protective effect. Therefore, dilong is a potential agent to overcome cardiac events associated with high-KCl toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Chen Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Marthandam Asokan Shibu
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chia-Hua Kuo
- Department of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Kuo Han
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yueh-Sheng Chen
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Feng-Yueh Lo
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Heng Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | | | - Chao-Hung Lai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Taichung Armed Force General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Xudong Li
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital, Qingyuan, Guangdong, China
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Department of Medical Research, China Medical University Hospital, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
- College of Medicine, Hualien Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Tzu Chi University, Hualien, Taiwan
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8
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Liu C, Wang X, Tian JB, Ma PY, Meng FX, Zhang Q, Yu BF, Guo R, Liu ZZ, Wang HL, Xie J, Cheng NL, Wang JH, Niu B, Sun GQ. Construction of a cDNA library and preliminary analysis of the expressed sequence tags of the earthworm Eisenia fetida (Savigny, 1826). Mol Med Rep 2019; 19:2537-2550. [PMID: 30720084 PMCID: PMC6423580 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2019.9938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Earthworms are useful indicator organisms of soil health and Eisenia fetida have been extensively used as test organisms in ecotoxicological studies. In order to gain insight into the gene expression profiles associated with physiological functions of earthworms, a full-length enriched cDNA library of the Eisenia fetida genome was successfully constructed using Switching Mechanism at 5′End of RNA Template technology. Construction of a cDNA library and analysis of Expressed Sequence Tags (ESTs) are efficient approaches for collecting genomic information and identifying genes important for a given biological process. Furthermore, analysis of the expression abundance of ESTs was performed with the aim of providing genetic and transcriptomic information on the development and regenerative process of earthworms. Phrep and Crossmatch were used to process EST data and a total of 1,140 high-quality EST sequences were determined by sequencing random cDNA clones from the library. Clustering analysis of sequences revealed a total of 593 unique sequences including 225 contiguous and 368 singleton sequences. Basic Local Alignment Search Tool analysis against the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database resulted in 593 significant hits (P-value <1×10−8), of which 168 were annotated through Gene Ontology analysis. The STRING database was used to determine relationships among the 168 ESTs, identifying associated genes involved in protein-protein interactions and gene expression regulation. Based on nucleic acid and protein sequence homology, the mutual relationships between 287 genes could be obtained, which identified a portion of the ESTs as known genes. The present study reports on the construction of a high-quality cDNA library representative of adult earthworms, on a preliminary analysis of ESTs and on a putative functional analysis of ESTs. The present study is expected to enhance our understanding of the molecular basis underlying the biological development of earthworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Xuan Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Jiu-Bo Tian
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Pei-Yuan Ma
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Fan-Xiu Meng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Bao-Feng Yu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Rui Guo
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Zhi-Zhen Liu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Hai-Long Wang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Jun Xie
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Niu-Liang Cheng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Jian-Hua Wang
- Department of Biotechnology, Beijing Municipal Key Laboratory of Child Development and Nutriomics, Capital Institute of Pediatrics, Beijing 100020, P.R. China
| | - Bo Niu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
| | - Gong-Qin Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, Shanxi 030001, P.R. China
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9
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Earthworm protease in anti-thrombosis and anti-fibrosis. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2019; 1863:379-383. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2018.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Revised: 11/07/2018] [Accepted: 11/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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10
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Zhang Y, Luo G, Zhang Y, Zhang M, Zhou J, Gao W, Xuan X, Yang X, Yang D, Tian Z, Ni B, Tang J. Critical effects of long non-coding RNA on fibrosis diseases. Exp Mol Med 2018; 50:e428. [PMID: 29350677 PMCID: PMC5799794 DOI: 10.1038/emm.2017.223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The expression or dysfunction of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) is closely related to various hereditary diseases, autoimmune diseases, metabolic diseases and tumors. LncRNAs were also recently recognized as functional regulators of fibrosis, which is a secondary process in many of these diseases and a primary pathology in fibrosis diseases. We review the latest findings on lncRNAs in fibrosis diseases of the liver, myocardium, kidney, lung and peritoneum. We also discuss the potential of disease-related lncRNAs as therapeutic targets for the clinical treatment of human fibrosis diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yue Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, 105th Hospital of PLA, Hefei, China.,Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Pathology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Graduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
| | - Gang Luo
- Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Pathology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, 150th Hospital of PLA, Luoyang, China
| | - Mengjie Zhang
- Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Pathology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Pathology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Weiwu Gao
- Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Pathology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiuyun Xuan
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Xia Yang
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Di Yang
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiqiang Tian
- Institute of Immunology, PLA, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Bing Ni
- Department of Pathophysiology and High Altitude Pathology, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Dermatology, 105th Hospital of PLA, Hefei, China.,Graduate School, Bengbu Medical College, Bengbu, China
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11
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Chen PY, Hou CW, Shibu MA, Day CH, Pai P, Liu ZR, Lin TY, Viswanadha VP, Kuo CH, Huang CY. Protective effect of Co-enzyme Q10 On doxorubicin-induced cardiomyopathy of rat hearts. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2017; 32:679-689. [PMID: 27087047 DOI: 10.1002/tox.22270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 03/28/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Q10 is a powerful antioxidant often used in medical nutritional supplements for cancer treatment. This study determined whether Q10 could effectively prevent cardio-toxicity caused by doxorubicin treatment. Four week old SD rats were segregated into groups namely control, doxorubicin group (challenged with doxorubicin), Dox + Q10 group (with doxorubicin challenge and oral Q10 treatment), and Q10 group (with oral Q10 treatment). Doxorubicin groups received IP doxorubicin (2.5 mg/kg) every 3 days and Q10 groups received Q10 (10 mg/kg) every day. Three weeks of doxorubicin challenge caused significant reduction in heart weight, disarray in cardiomyocyte arrangement, elevation of collagen accumulation, enhancement of fibrosis and cell death associated proteins, and inhibition of survival proteins. However, Q10 effectively protected cardiomyocytes and ameliorated fibrosis and cell death induced by doxorubicin. Q10 is, therefore, evidently a potential drug to prevent heart damage caused by doxorubicin. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Environ Toxicol 32: 679-689, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Yu Chen
- Department of Pathology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chien-Wen Hou
- Department of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | - Peiying Pai
- Division of Cardiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Zhao-Rong Liu
- Department of Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tze-Yi Lin
- Department of Pathology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Chia-Hua Kuo
- Department of Sports Sciences, University of Taipei, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Hsieh YL, Shibu MA, Lii CK, Viswanadha VP, Lin YL, Lai CH, Chen YF, Lin KH, Kuo WW, Huang CY. Andrographis paniculata extract attenuates pathological cardiac hypertrophy and apoptosis in high-fat diet fed mice. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2016; 192:170-177. [PMID: 27401291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2016.07.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 07/04/2016] [Accepted: 07/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Andrographis paniculata (Burm. f.) Nees (Acanthaceae) has a considerable medicinal reputation in most parts of Asia as a potent medicine in the treatment of Endocrine disorders, inflammation and hypertension. AIM OF THE STUDY Water extract of A. paniculata and its active constituent andrographolide are known to possess anti-inflammatory and anti-apoptotic effects. Our aim is to identify whether A. paniculata extract could protect myocardial damage in high-fat diet induced obese mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS The test mice were divided into three groups fed either with normal chow or with high fat diet (obese) or with high fat diet treated with A. paniculata extract (2g/kg/day, through gavage, for a week). RESULTS We found that the myocardial inflammation pathway related proteins were increased in the obese mouse which potentially contributes to cardiac hypertrophy and myocardial apoptosis. But feeding with A. paniculata extract showed significant inhibition on the effects of high fat diet. CONCLUSION Our study strongly suggests that supplementation of A. paniculata extract can be used for prevention and treatment of cardiovascular disease in obese patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- You-Liang Hsieh
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Chong-Kuei Lii
- Department of Nutrition, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | | | - Yi-Lin Lin
- Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chao-Hung Lai
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Force Taichung General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Feng Chen
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Force Taichung General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Kuan-Ho Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan.
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Moderate exercise training attenuates aging-induced cardiac inflammation, hypertrophy and fibrosis injuries of rat hearts. Oncotarget 2016; 6:35383-94. [PMID: 26496028 PMCID: PMC4742112 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2015] [Accepted: 10/04/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Aging is the most important risk factor in cardiovascular disease (CVD), which is the leading causes of death worldwide and the second major cause of death in Taiwan. The major factor in heart failure during aging is heart remodeling, including long-term stress-induced cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. Exercise is good for aging heart health, but the impact of exercise training on aging is not defined. This study used 3-, 12- and 18-month-old rats and randomly divided each age group into no exercise training control groups (C3, A12 and A18) and moderate gentle swimming exercise training groups (E3, AE12 and AE18). The protocol of exercise training was swimming five times weekly with gradual increases from the first week from 20 to 60 min for 12 weeks. Analyses of protein from rat heart tissues and sections revealed cardiac inflammation, hypertrophy and fibrosis pathway increases in aged rat groups (A12 and A18), which were improved in exercise training groups (AE12 and AE18). There were no heart injuries in young rat hearts in exercise group E3. These data suggest that moderate swimming exercise training attenuated aging-induced cardiac inflammation, hypertrophy and fibrosis injuries of rat hearts.
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Noncoding RNA as regulators of cardiac fibrosis: current insight and the road ahead. Pflugers Arch 2016; 468:1103-11. [PMID: 26786602 DOI: 10.1007/s00424-016-1792-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2015] [Revised: 08/11/2015] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibrosis is an important pathological feature of cardiac remodeling in heart diseases. The molecular mechanisms of cardiac fibrosis are unknown. Genomic analyses estimated that many noncoding DNA regions generate noncoding RNAs (ncRNAs). ncRNAs have emerged as key molecular players in the regulation of gene expression in different biological processes. Recent studies have started to reveal the importance of ncRNAs in heart development and suggest also an involvement in cardiac fibrosis. These molecules are emerging as important regulators of cellular process. Here, we review particularly focuses on the involvement of two large families of ncRNAs, namely microRNAs (miRNAs) and long noncoding RNAs (LncRNAs) in the regulation of cardiac fibrosis. Furthermore, we review the functions and role of ncRNAs in cardiac biology and discuss these reports and the therapeutic potential of ncRNAs for cardiac fibrosis associated with fibroblast activation and proliferation.
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Liao PH, Kuo WW, Kuo CH, Yeh YL, Shen CY, Chen YH, Chen RJ, Padma VV, Chen YH, Huang CY. Lactobacillus reuteri GMNL-263 reduces hyperlipidaemia and the heart failure process in high-calorie diet-fed induced heart dysfunction in rats. J Funct Foods 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jff.2015.11.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
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16
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Lai CH, Tsai CC, Kuo WW, Ho TJ, Day CH, Pai PY, Chung LC, Huang CC, Wang HF, Liao PH, Huang CY. Multi-Strain Probiotics Inhibit Cardiac Myopathies and Autophagy to Prevent Heart Injury in High-Fat Diet-Fed Rats. Int J Med Sci 2016; 13:277-85. [PMID: 27076784 PMCID: PMC4829540 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.14769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/24/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
High-fat diets induce obesity, leading to cardiomyocyte fibrosis and autophagy imbalance. In addition, no previous studies have indicated that probiotics have potential health effects associated with cardiac fibrosis and autophagy in obese rats. This study investigates the effects of probiotics on high-fat (HF) diet-induced obesity and cardiac fibrosis and autophagy in rat hearts. Eight-week-old male Wistar rats were separated randomly into five equally sized experimental groups: Normal diet (control) and high-fat (HF) diet groups and groups fed a high-fat diet supplemented with low (HL), medium (HM) or high (HH) doses of multi-strain probiotic powders. These experiments were designed for an 8-week trial period. The myocardial architecture of the left ventricle was evaluated using Masson's trichrome staining and immunohistochemistry staining. Key probiotics-related pathway molecules were analyzed using western blotting. Abnormal myocardial architecture and enlarged interstitial spaces were observed in HF hearts. These interstitial spaces were significantly decreased in groups provided with multi-strain probiotics compared with HF hearts. Western blot analysis demonstrated that key components of the TGF/MMP2/MMP9 fibrosis pathways and ERK5/uPA/ANP cardiac hypertrophy pathways were significantly suppressed in probiotic groups compared to the HF group. Autophagy balance is very important in cardiomyocytes. In this study, we observed that the beclin-1/LC3B/Atg7 autophagy pathway in HF was increased after probiotic supplementation was significantly decreased. Together, these results suggest that oral administration of probiotics may attenuate cardiomyocyte fibrosis and cardiac hypertrophy and the autophagy-signaling pathway in obese rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chao-Hung Lai
- 1. Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Armed Force Taichung General Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Chih Tsai
- 2. Department of Food Science and Technology, HungKuang University, Taiwan
| | - Wei-Wen Kuo
- 3. Department of Biological Science and Technology, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Tsung-Jung Ho
- 4. Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan;; 5. Chinese Medicine Department, China Medical University Beijing Hospital, Taiwan
| | | | - Pei-ying Pai
- 7. Division of Cardiology, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Li-Chin Chung
- 8. Department of Hospital and Health Care Administration, Chia Nan University of Pharmacy & Science, Tainan County, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chih Huang
- 9. New Bellus Enterprises Co., Ltd. No. 48, Industrial Rd., Erh Chen Vil., Kuan Tien Dist., Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Hsueh-Fang Wang
- 10. Institute of Biomedical Nutrition, Hungkuang University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Po-Hsiang Liao
- 11. Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Yang Huang
- 4. Graduate Institute of Chinese Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan;; 11. Graduate Institute of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan;; 12. Department of Health and Nutrition Biotechnology, Asia University, Taichung, Taiwan
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Hypotensive and Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Inhibitory Activities of Eisenia fetida Extract in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2015; 2015:349721. [PMID: 26798397 PMCID: PMC4700176 DOI: 10.1155/2015/349721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2015] [Accepted: 11/30/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Objectives. This study aimed to investigate the antihypertensive effects of an Eisenia fetida extract (EFE) and its possible mechanisms in spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHR rats). Methods. Sixteen-week-old SHR rats and Wistar-Kyoto rats (WKY rats) were used in this study. Rats were, respectively, given EFE (EFE group), captopril (captopril group), or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) (normal control group and SHR group) for 4 weeks. ACE inhibitory activity of EFE in vitro was determined. The systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were measured using a Rat Tail-Cuff Blood Pressure System. Levels of angiotensin II (Ang II), aldosterone (Ald), and 6-keto-prostaglandin F1 alpha (6-keto-PGF1α ) in plasma were determined by radioimmunoassay, and serum nitric oxide (NO) concentration was measured by Griess reagent systems. Results. EFE had marked ACE inhibitory activity in vitro (IC50 = 2.5 mg/mL). After the 4-week drug management, SHR rats in EFE group and in captopril group had lower SBP and DBP, lower levels of Ang II and Ald, and higher levels of 6-keto-PGF1α and NO than the SHR rats in SHR group. Conclusion. These results indicate that EFE has hypotensive effects in SHR rats and its effects might be associated with its ACE inhibitory activity.
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