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Kisby GE, Wilson DM, Spencer PS. Introducing the Role of Genotoxicity in Neurodegenerative Diseases and Neuropsychiatric Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:7221. [PMID: 39000326 PMCID: PMC11241460 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25137221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Decades of research have identified genetic and environmental factors involved in age-related neurodegenerative diseases and, to a lesser extent, neuropsychiatric disorders. Genomic instability, i.e., the loss of genome integrity, is a common feature among both neurodegenerative (mayo-trophic lateral sclerosis, Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease) and psychiatric (schizophrenia, autism, bipolar depression) disorders. Genomic instability is associated with the accumulation of persistent DNA damage and the activation of DNA damage response (DDR) pathways, as well as pathologic neuronal cell loss or senescence. Typically, DDR signaling ensures that genomic and proteomic homeostasis are maintained in both dividing cells, including neural progenitors, and post-mitotic neurons. However, dysregulation of these protective responses, in part due to aging or environmental insults, contributes to the progressive development of neurodegenerative and/or psychiatric disorders. In this Special Issue, we introduce and highlight the overlap between neurodegenerative diseases and neuropsychiatric disorders, as well as the emerging clinical, genomic, and molecular evidence for the contributions of DNA damage and aberrant DNA repair. Our goal is to illuminate the importance of this subject to uncover possible treatment and prevention strategies for relevant devastating brain diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Glen E. Kisby
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, College of Osteopathic Medicine of Pacific Northwest, Western University of Health Sciences, Lebanon, OR 97355, USA
| | - David M. Wilson
- Biomedical Research Institute, BIOMED, Hasselt University, 3500 Hasselt, Belgium;
| | - Peter S. Spencer
- Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Oregon Institute of Occupational Health Sciences, Oregon Health & Sciences University (OHSU), Portland, OR 97239, USA
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Gajski G, Kašuba V, Milić M, Gerić M, Matković K, Delić L, Nikolić M, Pavičić M, Rozgaj R, Garaj-Vrhovac V, Kopjar N. Exploring cytokinesis block micronucleus assay in Croatia: A journey through the past, present, and future in biomonitoring of the general population. MUTATION RESEARCH. GENETIC TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL MUTAGENESIS 2024; 895:503749. [PMID: 38575251 DOI: 10.1016/j.mrgentox.2024.503749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 03/06/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024]
Abstract
In this study, we used the cytokinesis-block micronucleus (CBMN) assay to evaluate the background frequency of cytogenetic damage in peripheral blood lymphocytes of the general population concerning different anthropometric data and lifestyle factors. The background frequency of CBMN assay parameters was analysed in 850 healthy, occupationally non-exposed male and female subjects (average age, 38±11 years) gathered from the general Croatian population from 2000 to 2023. The mean background values for micronuclei (MNi) in the whole population were 5.3±4.3 per 1000 binucleated cells, while the mean frequency of nucleoplasmic bridges (NPBs) was 0.7±1.3 and of nuclear buds (NBUDs) 3.1±3.2. The cut-off value, which corresponds to the 95th percentile of the distribution of 850 individual values, was 14 MNi, 3 NPBs, and 9 NBUDs. Results from our database also showed an association of the tested genomic instability parameters with age and sex but also with other lifestyle factors. These findings underscore the importance of considering several anthropometric and lifestyle factors when conducting biomonitoring studies. Overall, the normal and cut-off values attained here present normal values for the general population that can later serve as baseline values for further human biomonitoring studies either in Croatia or worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
- Goran Gajski
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Vilena Kašuba
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mirta Milić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Marko Gerić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Katarina Matković
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Luka Delić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Maja Nikolić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Martina Pavičić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ružica Rozgaj
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Vera Garaj-Vrhovac
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Nevenka Kopjar
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Division of Toxicology, Mutagenesis Unit, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
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Cetkovic T, Haveric A, Behmen S, Hadzic Omanovic M, Caluk Klacar L, Dzaferspahic A, Durmisevic I, Mehanovic M, Haveric S. A pilot biomonitoring study of air pollution in the urban area of Sarajevo, Bosnia and Herzegovina: genotoxicity assessment in buccal cells. Mutagenesis 2023; 38:33-42. [PMID: 36125092 DOI: 10.1093/mutage/geac016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Air pollution, recognized as a human carcinogen, is a significant cause of death in industrial and developing countries, and Bosnia and Herzegovina (B&H) is one of the leading countries for air pollution-caused death rate and has the poorest urban air quality in Europe. Despite a population decrease, urban air pollution in B&H has increased due to traffic pollution and still intensive use of solid fuel for heating and cooking. Human biomonitoring studies, regarding the described air pollution, have not been conducted before, and particularly have not been conducted in the region of Sarajevo. Good health, well-being, and environmental protection are part of the 17 defined Sustainable Development Global Goals. Accordingly, this study aimed to determine baseline levels of DNA damage in a group of Sarajevo citizens and to compare seasonal variations in DNA damage in relation to the reported levels of air pollution. From 33 individuals included in the study, samples were collected in the summer and winter seasons. The buccal micronucleus cytome (BMCyt) assay and comet assay in leucocytes isolated from saliva were performed. Mean values and standard deviations of log-transformed tail intensity (%), tail length (µm), and tail moment results in winter were 1.14 ± 0.23, 2.20 ± 0.14, and 1.03 ± 0.29, respectively, while in the summer season those values were 1.19 ± 0.19, 2.25 ± 0.17, and 1.07 ± 0.25, respectively. No significant differences were found for the comet assay parameters. Nevertheless, BMCyt results showed significant increases in micronuclei (P = .008), binuclear cells (P = .04), karyolysis (P = .0003), condensed chromatin (P = .03), and pyknosis (P = .002) in winter. Although the results of comet and BMCyt assays are not in accordance, this study contributes to the human air pollution biomonitoring in Sarajevo, B&H, and based on the genotoxic effects of air pollution evidenced by the BMCyt biomarker further studies of this kind are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tamara Cetkovic
- Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genotoxicology, University of Sarajevo, Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Zmaja od Bosne 8, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Anja Haveric
- Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genotoxicology, University of Sarajevo, Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Zmaja od Bosne 8, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Selma Behmen
- Section for Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Genetic Association in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Zmaja od Bosne 8, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Maida Hadzic Omanovic
- Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genotoxicology, University of Sarajevo, Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Zmaja od Bosne 8, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Lejla Caluk Klacar
- Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genotoxicology, University of Sarajevo, Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Zmaja od Bosne 8, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Alen Dzaferspahic
- Section for Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Genetic Association in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Zmaja od Bosne 8, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Irma Durmisevic
- Section for Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Genetic Association in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Zmaja od Bosne 8, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Mahira Mehanovic
- Section for Toxicology and Mutagenesis, Genetic Association in Bosnia and Herzegovina, Zmaja od Bosne 8, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
| | - Sanin Haveric
- Laboratory for Cytogenetics and Genotoxicology, University of Sarajevo, Institute for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Zmaja od Bosne 8, Sarajevo 71000, Bosnia and Herzegovina
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Multi-centre technical evaluation of the radiation-induced lymphocyte apoptosis assay as a predictive test for radiotherapy toxicity. Clin Transl Radiat Oncol 2019; 18:1-8. [PMID: 31341970 PMCID: PMC6610684 DOI: 10.1016/j.ctro.2019.06.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2019] [Revised: 05/29/2019] [Accepted: 06/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The RILA assay is the leading candidate biomarker for radiotherapy toxicity. We describe work to standardise its use across multiple centres. Patient factors including smoking and arthritis were found to affect RILA score. RILA predicts acute breast pain but not other acute end-points. This work establishes the basis for implementing the assay clinically.
Predicting which patients will develop adverse reactions to radiotherapy is important for personalised treatment. Prediction will require an algorithm or nomogram combining clinical and biological data. The radiation-induced lymphocyte apoptosis (RILA) assay is the leading candidate as a biological predictor of radiotherapy toxicity. In this study we tested the potential of the assay for standardisation and use in multiple testing laboratories. The assay was standardised and reproducibility determined using samples from healthy volunteers assayed concurrently in three laboratories in Leicester (UK), Mannheim (Germany) and Montpellier (France). RILA assays were performed on samples taken prior to radiotherapy from 1319 cancer patients enrolled in the REQUITE project at multiple centres. The patients were being treated for breast (n = 753), prostate (n = 506) or lung (n = 60) cancer. Inter-laboratory comparisons identified several factors affecting results: storage time, incubation periods and type of foetal calf serum. Following standardisation, there was no significant difference in results between the centres. Significant differences were seen in RILA scores between cancer types (prostate > breast > lung), by smoking status (non-smokers > smokers) and co-morbidity with rheumatoid arthritis (arthritics > non-arthritics). An analysis of acute radiotherapy toxicity showed as expected that RILA assay does not predict most end-points, but unexpectedly did predict acute breast pain. This result may elucidate the mechanism by which the RILA assay predicts late radiotherapy toxicity. The work shows clinical trials involving multiple laboratory measurement of the RILA assay are feasible and the need to account for tumour type and other variables when applying to predictive models.
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Ladeira C, Smajdova L. The use of genotoxicity biomarkers in molecular epidemiology: applications in environmental, occupational and dietary studies. AIMS GENETICS 2017; 4:166-191. [PMID: 31435507 PMCID: PMC6690241 DOI: 10.3934/genet.2017.3.166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2017] [Accepted: 06/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Molecular epidemiology is an approach increasingly used in the establishment of associations between exposure to hazardous substances and development of disease, including the possible modulation by genetic susceptibility factors. Environmental chemicals and contaminants from anthropogenic pollution of air, water and soil, but also originating specifically in occupational contexts, are potential sources of risk of development of disease. Also, diet presents an important role in this process, with some well characterized associations existing between nutrition and some types of cancer. Genotoxicity biomarkers allow the detection of early effects that result from the interaction between the individual and the environment; they are therefore important tools in cancer epidemiology and are extensively used in human biomonitoring studies. This work intends to give an overview of the potential for genotoxic effects assessment, specifically with the cytokinesis blocked micronucleus assay and comet assay in environmental and occupational scenarios, including diet. The plasticity of these techniques allows their inclusion in human biomonitoring studies, adding important information with the ultimate aim of disease prevention, in particular cancer, and so it is important that they be included as genotoxicity assays in molecular epidemiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carina Ladeira
- Environment and Health Research Group, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa-Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa (ESTeSL-IPL), Av. D. João II, Lote 4.69.01, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal.,Grupo de Investigação em Genética e Metabolismo, Escola Superior de Tecnologia da Saúde de Lisboa-Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa (ESTeSL-IPL), Av. D. João II, Lote 4.69.01, 1990-096 Lisboa, Portugal.,Centro de Investigação em Saúde Pública-Escola Nacional de Saúde Pública, (CISP-ENSP), Universidade Nova de Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Lenka Smajdova
- Faculty of Social Sciences, London Metropolitan University, London, United Kingdom
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Annangi B, Bonassi S, Marcos R, Hernández A. Biomonitoring of humans exposed to arsenic, chromium, nickel, vanadium, and complex mixtures of metals by using the micronucleus test in lymphocytes. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2016; 770:140-161. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2015] [Revised: 02/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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