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Priya, Kumar A, Ali M, Srivastava A, Kumar R, Ghosh AK. Endosulfan induces reproductive & genotoxic effect in male and female Swiss albino mice. Lab Anim Res 2024; 40:22. [PMID: 38773665 PMCID: PMC11110251 DOI: 10.1186/s42826-024-00208-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/24/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Toxicity by pesticide has become a global health issue and leaves a harmful impact on human health via various ways. The people exposed to pesticides in the rural population get affected by the harmful effects of it as they enter the human body system through skin, inhalation, oral administration, food chain and many more ways. The present work is designed to study the toxic effect of endosulfan in male (n=30) and female (n=30) Swiss albino mice. Endosulfan was administered by oral gavage (oral administration) method, at the dose of 3.5 mg/Kg body weight daily for period of 3 weeks, 5 weeks and 7 weeks. After the completion of the treatment, the mice were sacrificed and their ovary and testis tissues were dissected out to check the degeneration. The blood was collected for karyotyping, biochemical and hormonal analysis of pesticide induced genotoxicity. After 7 weeks of administration with Endosulfan, various abnormalities were observed in male and female mice. RESULTS Treatment with endosulfan at the dose of 3.5 mg/Kg body weight caused a higher degree of degeneration in the reproductive organ of Swiss albino mice . Treatment by this pesticide generated degeneration in long duration of dosage for 3,5 and 7 weeks. Ovaries of endosulfan administered groups showed degenerated germinal epithelium, Graffian follicles and corpus luteum. In testis of endosulfan treated mice, microscopic examination showed that there is significant damage and reduction in the tissue of seminiferous tubules and primordial germ cells. High degree of degeneration caused the disarrangement and deformation of spermatogonia with the decrease in the number of Sertoli cells. Biochemical and hormonal properties was also affected by endosulfan treatment. There was significant 5 folds decrease in the testosterone value of endosulfan in 7 weeks treated mice in comparison to control (p < 0.0001) and similarly there was significant elevation in the estrogen levels found in 7th week endosulfan treated mice. It also influenced the level of free radicals as there was significant decrease (p < 0.0001) in the value in catalase levels in 7 weeks endosulfan treated male and female mice, while significant (p < 0.0001) increase in the values of lipid peroxidation levels as 8 folds and 10 folds in 7 weeks endosulfan treated male and female Swiss albino mice respectively. This study hence speculates that the endosulfan exposed population are at the risk of reproductive health hazards. CONCLUSIONS The present study thus concludes that, endosulfan after 7 weeks of exposure caused significant reproductive damage to both male and female Swiss albino mice groups. Moreover, the karyotyping study also correlated the genotoxic damage in the mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Priya
- Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre, Patna, Bihar, 801505, India
| | - Arun Kumar
- Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre, Patna, Bihar, 801505, India.
| | - Mohammad Ali
- Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre, Patna, Bihar, 801505, India
| | - Abhinav Srivastava
- Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre, Patna, Bihar, 801505, India
| | | | - Ashok Kumar Ghosh
- Mahavir Cancer Sansthan and Research Centre, Patna, Bihar, 801505, India
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Cao Z, Wang M, Zhou T, Xu A, Du H. Whole-Genome Sequencing Reveals Germ Cell Mutagenicity of α-Endosulfan in Caenorhabditis elegans. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2022; 56:16024-16032. [PMID: 36239620 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.2c06817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Endosulfan is an extensively used organochlorine pesticide around the world, which was classified as a persistent organic pollutant (POP) in 2009. Although previous studies have documented the reproductive toxicity of endosulfan in a variety of organisms, little is known about the influence of endosulfan on the genome stability of germ cells and nonexposed progeny. Here we applied whole-genome sequencing to explore the germ cell mutagenicity of α-endosulfan in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). We found that, although low doses of α-endosulfan exhibited a minor effect on the reproductive capacity of C. elegans, chronic exposure to 1 μM α-endosulfan significantly increased the mutation frequencies of nonexposed progeny. Further analysis of genome-wide mutation spectra demonstrated that α-endosulfan preferentially elicited A:T → G:C substitutions and clustered mutations. By using worms deficient in DNA damage response genes, our results suggest the involvement of translesion synthesis polymerase η in modulating α-endosulfan-induced mutations in germ cells. Together, these observations reveal the germ cell mutagenicity of α-endosulfan in C. elegans and the possible underlying mechanism. In addition, our findings implicate that germ cell mutagenicity might be a necessary consideration for the health risk assessment of environmental chemicals such as POPs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenxiao Cao
- School of Environmental Science and Optoelectronic Technology, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, Anhui, P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, CAS; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, CAS, Hefei 230031, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Meimei Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Science, Anhui Medical University, No. 81 Mei-Shan Rd, Hefei 230032, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Tong Zhou
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, CAS; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, CAS, Hefei 230031, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - An Xu
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, CAS; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, CAS, Hefei 230031, Anhui, P. R. China
| | - Hua Du
- Key Laboratory of High Magnetic Field and Ion Beam Physical Biology, CAS; Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Pollution Control Technology, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, CAS, Hefei 230031, Anhui, P. R. China
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Cavariani MM, de Mello Santos T, Chuffa LGDA, Pinheiro PFF, Scarano WR, Domeniconi RF. Maternal Protein Restriction Alters the Expression of Proteins Related to the Structure and Functioning of the Rat Offspring Epididymis in an Age-Dependent Manner. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:816637. [PMID: 35517501 PMCID: PMC9061959 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.816637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 04/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Nutrition is an environmental factor able to activate physiological interactions between fetus and mother. Maternal protein restriction is able to alter sperm parameters associated with epididymal functions. Since correct development and functioning of the epididymides are fundamental for mammalian reproductive success, this study investigated the effects of maternal protein restriction on epididymal morphology and morphometry in rat offspring as well as on the expression of Src, Cldn-1, AR, ER, aromatase p450, and 5α-reductase in different stages of postnatal epididymal development. For this purpose, pregnant females were allocated to normal-protein (NP—17% protein) and low-protein (LP—6% protein) groups that received specific diets during gestation and lactation. After weaning, male offspring was provided only normal-protein diet until the ages of 21, 44, and 120 days, when they were euthanized and their epididymides collected. Maternal protein restriction decreased genital organs weight as well as crown-rump length and anogenital distance at all ages. Although the low-protein diet did not change the integrity of the epididymal epithelium, we observed decreases in tubular diameter, epithelial height and luminal diameter of the epididymal duct in 21-day-old LP animals. The maternal low-protein diet changed AR, ERα, ERβ, Src 416, and Src 527 expression in offspring epididymides in an age-dependent manner. Finally, maternal protein restriction increased Cldn-1 expression throughout the epididymides at all analyzed ages. Although some of these changes did not remain until adulthood, the insufficient supply of proteins in early life altered the structure and functioning of the epididymis in important periods of postnatal development.
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Ghosh R, Siddarth M, Kare PK, Banerjee BD, Kalra OP, Tripathi AK. β-Endosulfan-mediated induction of pro-fibrotic markers in renal (HK-2) cells in vitro: A new insight in the pathogenesis of chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2021; 36:2354-2360. [PMID: 34402583 DOI: 10.1002/tox.23349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology (CKDu), manifested clinically as tubulo interstitial fibrosis, has emerged as the second major cause of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in the Indian subcontinent and various agrochemicals have been implicated in its occurance. Among the agrochemicals organochlorine pesticides particularly endosulfan is well known for its toxicity and recent residue analysis have shown its presence in the blood samples of general population. In this present study, we have investigated the consequences of endosulfan exposure at a concentration (0.01 μM) equivalent to their highest reported presence in human blood sample of some CKDu patients, to human renal proximal tubular epithelial (HK-2) cell line with regard to ROS generation and expression of profibrotic and epithelial to mesenchymal (EMT) markers in order to find out endosulfan's ability to induce profibrotic changes in renal cell. We demonstrated a significant increase in intracellular ROS generation and increased expression of TGF-β1 when cells were incubated with β-endosulfan (0.01 μM) indicating occurrence of oxidative stress and fibrotic process. Again, decreased expression of epithelial marker E-cadherin and increase in the expression of mesenchymal marker α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) suggest possible onset of EMT process. Pre-treatment with 5 mM concentration of anti-oxidant N-acetyl cysteine partially attenuated the above process. In conclusion, these findings suggest possible involvement of β-endosulfan in the development of CKDu through oxidative stress and profibrotic signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishila Ghosh
- Department of Biochemistry, Environmental Biochemistry and Immunology Laboratory, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and G.T.B. Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Manushi Siddarth
- Multidisciplinary Research Unit, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and G.T.B. Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Pawan Kumar Kare
- Department of Biochemistry, Environmental Biochemistry and Immunology Laboratory, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and G.T.B. Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Basu Dev Banerjee
- Department of Biochemistry, Environmental Biochemistry and Immunology Laboratory, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and G.T.B. Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Om Prakash Kalra
- Department of Medicine, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and G.T.B. Hospital, Delhi, India
| | - Ashok Kumar Tripathi
- Department of Biochemistry, Environmental Biochemistry and Immunology Laboratory, University College of Medical Sciences (University of Delhi) and G.T.B. Hospital, Delhi, India
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Milesi MM, Durando M, Lorenz V, Gastiazoro MP, Varayoud J. Postnatal exposure to endosulfan affects uterine development and fertility. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 511:110855. [PMID: 32437785 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2019] [Revised: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Endosulfan is an organochlorine pesticide (OCP) used in large-scale agriculture for controlling a variety of insects and mites that attack food and non-food crops. Although endosulfan has been listed in the Stockholm Convention as a persistent organic pollutant to be worldwide banned, it is still in use in some countries. Like other OCPs, endosulfan is bioaccumulative, toxic and persistent in the environment. Human unintentional exposure may occur through air inhalation, dietary, skin contact, as well as, via transplacental route and breast feeding. Due to its lipophilic nature, endosulfan is rapidly absorbed into the gastrointestinal tract and bioaccumulates in the fatty tissues. Similar to other OCPs, endosulfan has been classified as an endocrine disrupting chemical (EDC). Endocrine action of endosulfan on development and reproductive function of males has been extensively discussed; however, endosulfan effects on the female reproductive tract have received less attention. This review provides an overview of: i) the fate and levels of endosulfan in the environment and human population, ii) the potential estrogenic properties of endosulfan in vitro and in vivo, iii) its effects on uterine development, and iv) the long-term effects on female fertility and uterine functional differentiation during early gestation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Milesi
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Casilla de Correo 242, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Fisiología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - M Durando
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Casilla de Correo 242, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Fisiología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - V Lorenz
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Casilla de Correo 242, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - M P Gastiazoro
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Casilla de Correo 242, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Fisiología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - J Varayoud
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL) - Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Casilla de Correo 242, 3000, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Fisiología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral (UNL), Santa Fe, Argentina
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Kass L, Gomez AL, Altamirano GA. Relationship between agrochemical compounds and mammary gland development and breast cancer. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2020; 508:110789. [PMID: 32165172 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.110789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2019] [Revised: 03/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The exposure to agrochemical pesticides has been associated with several chronic diseases, including different types of cancer and reproductive disorders. In addition, because agrochemical pesticides may act as endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) during different windows of susceptibility, they can increase the risk of impairing the normal development of the mammary gland and/or of developing mammary lesions. Therefore, the aim of this review is to summarize how exposure to different agrochemical pesticides suspected of being EDCs can interfere with the normal development of the mammary gland and the possible association with breast cancer. It has been shown that the mammary glands of male and female rats and mice are susceptible to exposure to non-organochlorine (vinclozolin, atrazine, glyphosate, chlorpyrifos) and organochlorine (endosulfan, methoxychlor, hexachlorobenzene) pesticides. Some of the effects of these compounds in experimental models include increased or decreased mammary development, impaired cell proliferation and steroid receptor expression and signaling, increased malignant cellular transformation and tumor development and angiogenesis. Contradictory findings have been found as to whether there is a causal link between the exposure or the pesticide body burden and breast cancer in humans. However, an association has been observed between pesticides (especially organochlorine compounds) and specific subtypes of breast cancer. Further studies are needed in both humans and experimental models to understand how agrochemical pesticides can induce or promote changes in the development, differentiation and/or malignant transformation of the mammary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kass
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina; Cátedra de Patología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.
| | - Ayelen L Gomez
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina; Cátedra de Patología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Gabriela A Altamirano
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, 3000, Argentina; Cátedra de Patología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Hussein MMA, Elsadaawy HA, El-Murr A, Ahmed MM, Bedawy AM, Tukur HA, Swelum AAA, Saadeldin IM. Endosulfan toxicity in Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) and the use of lycopene as an ameliorative agent. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2019; 224:108573. [PMID: 31306802 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2019.108573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 07/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Endosulfan is a broad-spectrum organochlorine insecticide that has been commercially in use for decades to control insect pests and has been found to pollute the aquatic environment. The current study was carried out to investigate the toxic effects of endosulfan, an organochlorine pesticide, on Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus), a freshwater fish, and the alleviating effects of lycopene on the induced toxicity. METHODS Four treatment groups of fish were investigated (3 replicates of 15 fish for each group): (1) a control group, (2) a group exposed to endosulfan, (3) a group that was fed on a basal diet supplemented with lycopene, and (4) a group that was fed on a basal diet supplemented with lycopene and exposed to endosulfan. The experiment was carried out over a 4-week period. RESULTS Endosulfan negatively affected liver function, including liver enzymes and plasma proteins. Endosulfan affected blood parameters of fish and reduced the counts of red blood cells (RBCs) and white blood cells (WBCs), as well as affected immunological parameters. Endosulfan caused oxidative stress, as it decreased the values of antioxidants catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GPX), and glutathione (GSH), and increased the level of lipid peroxide malondialdehyde (MDA). Additionally, endosulfan increased cytochrome P450 (CYP450) levels, while it decreased glutathione S-transferase (GST) mRNA transcript levels and distorted the normal histological structure of the liver, gills, and spleen of affected fish. Conversely, lycopene partially restored the aforementioned parameters when administered concomitantly with endosulfan. CONCLUSION The results showed the beneficial effects of supplementing fish diets with lycopene as a natural antioxidant for ameliorating the toxicity caused by endosulfan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed M A Hussein
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt.
| | - Hamad A Elsadaawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Abdelhakeem El-Murr
- Department of Fish Diseases and Management, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Mona M Ahmed
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Aya M Bedawy
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Hammed A Tukur
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ayman Abdel-Aziz Swelum
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Theriogenology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt
| | - Islam M Saadeldin
- Department of Animal Production, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, 11451 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; Department of Physiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, 44519 Zagazig, Egypt.
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Sánchez MC, Alvarez Sedó C, Chaufan GR, Romanato M, Da Cuña R, Lo Nostro F, Calvo JC, Fontana V. In vitro effects of endosulfan-based insecticides on mammalian sperm. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2017; 7:117-126. [PMID: 30090568 DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00251c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Endosulfan is an organochloride insecticide extensively used in several countries to protect crops from pests. As several studies indicate that endosulfan can affect human and animal development, the aim of this study was to analyse whether sperm parameters and the process of chromatin decondensation could be altered by endosulfan in mice sperm. Spermatozoa from cauda epididymis were obtained from mature male mice and incubated in the presence of two commercial formulations (CFs) of endosulfan (Master® and Zebra Ciagro®) or the active ingredient (AI) alone. A significant decrease in the percentage motility and viability of spermatozoa with respect to controls was found. In vitro decondensation was performed in the presence of glutathione and heparin. Spermatozoa incubated with the AI, endosulfan Master® and endosulfan Zebra Ciagro® showed an increase in chromatin decondensation. In addition, the TUNEL assay showed that DNA fragmentation was significantly higher when sperm were incubated with either one of the CFs when compared to the AI or controls. The ultrastructure analysis of sperm cells showed evident changes in the structure of the plasma and acrosome membranes of sperm incubated with endosulfan AI or the CFs. These results suggest that endosulfan can affect sperm integrity and in vitro chromatin decondensation as well as DNA fragmentation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Sánchez
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME-CONICET) , Buenos Aires , Argentina . ; ; Tel: +54 11 47832869 ext 234
| | - C Alvarez Sedó
- Centro de estudios en Genética y Reproducción (CEGyR) , Armenia
| | - G R Chaufan
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales, Departamento de Departamento de Química Biológica, Laboratorio de Enzimología, Estrés y Metabolismo (LEEM), CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Química Biológica de la Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales (IQUIBICEN) , Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - M Romanato
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME-CONICET) , Buenos Aires , Argentina . ; ; Tel: +54 11 47832869 ext 234
| | - R Da Cuña
- Universidad de Buenos Aires , Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental. Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática , Buenos Aires , Argentina.,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA). Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - F Lo Nostro
- Universidad de Buenos Aires , Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales , Departamento de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental. Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática , Buenos Aires , Argentina.,CONICET-Universidad de Buenos Aires. Instituto de Biodiversidad y Biología Experimental y Aplicada (IBBEA). Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - J C Calvo
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME-CONICET) , Buenos Aires , Argentina . ; ; Tel: +54 11 47832869 ext 234.,Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Biológica. Laboratorio de Quimica de Proteoglicanos y Matriz Extracelular. Buenos Aires , Argentina
| | - V Fontana
- Instituto de Biología y Medicina Experimental (IByME-CONICET) , Buenos Aires , Argentina . ; ; Tel: +54 11 47832869 ext 234.,Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Departamento de Química Biológica. Laboratorio de Quimica de Proteoglicanos y Matriz Extracelular. Buenos Aires , Argentina
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Altamirano GA, Delconte MB, Gomez AL, Alarcón R, Bosquiazzo VL, Luque EH, Muñoz-de-Toro M, Kass L. Early postnatal exposure to endosulfan interferes with the normal development of the male rat mammary gland. Toxicol Lett 2017; 281:102-109. [PMID: 28935589 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2017.09.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2017] [Revised: 09/12/2017] [Accepted: 09/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Our aim was to evaluate whether postnatal exposure to endosulfan (ENDO) modifies mammary gland (MG) development in pre- and post-pubertal male rats. From postnatal day 1 (PND1) to PND7, male rats were injected subcutaneously every 48h with either corn oil (vehicle) or 600μg ENDO/kg.bw. On PND21 and PND60, MG and blood samples were collected. Estradiol (E2) and testosterone (T) serum levels, MG histology, collagen fiber organization, proliferation index, and estrogen (ESR1) and androgen receptor (AR) expressions were evaluated. On PND21, E2 and T levels were similar between groups, whereas MG area, perimeter, number of terminal end buds and ESR1 expression were increased in ENDO-exposed rats. These changes were associated with alveolar development and increased organized collagen in the stroma. On PND60, a higher proliferation index in ENDO-exposed rats was correlated with a more developed lobuloalveolar structure. Hyperplastic alveoli and, hyperplastic ducts surrounded by a dense stroma were also observed in this group. T levels and ESR1 expression were similar between groups, whereas E2 levels and AR expression were decreased in ENDO-exposed rats. The exposure to ENDO in the first week of life interferes with the normal development of the MG and induces pre-malignant lesions in post-pubertal male rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriela A Altamirano
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Patología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Melisa B Delconte
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ayelen L Gomez
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Patología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Ramiro Alarcón
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Fisiología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Verónica L Bosquiazzo
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Departamento de Bioquímica Clínica y Cuantitativa, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Enrique H Luque
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Fisiología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Mónica Muñoz-de-Toro
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Patología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
| | - Laura Kass
- Instituto de Salud y Ambiente del Litoral (ISAL, UNL-CONICET), Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina; Cátedra de Patología Humana, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina.
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10
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Guo FZ, Zhang LS, Wei JL, Ren LH, Zhang J, Jing L, Yang M, Wang J, Sun ZW, Zhou XQ. Endosulfan inhibiting the meiosis process via depressing expressions of regulatory factors and causing cell cycle arrest in spermatogenic cells. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:20506-20516. [PMID: 27460030 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7195-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/06/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Endosulfan is a persistent organic pollutant and widely used in agriculture as a pesticide. It is present in air, water, and soil worldwide; therefore, it is a health risk affecting especially the reproductive system. The aim of this study was to evaluate the toxicity of endosulfan in the reproductive system. To investigate the effect of endosulfan on meiosis process, 32 rats were divided into four groups, treated with 0, 1, 5, and 10 mg/kg/day endosulfan, respectively, and sacrificed after the 21 days of treatments. Results show that endosulfan caused the reductions in sperm concentration and motility rate, which resulted into an increased in sperm abnormality rate; further, endosulfan induced downregulation of spermatogenesis- and oogenesis-specific basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor (Sohlh1) which controls the switch on meiosis in mammals, as well cyclin A1, cyclin-dependent kinases 1 (CDK1), and cyclin-dependent kinases 2 (CDK2). In vitro, endosulfan induced G2/M phase arrest in the spermatogenic cell cycle and caused proliferation inhibition. Moreover, endosulfan induced oxidative stress and DNA damage in vivo and vitro. The results suggested that endosulfan could inhibit the start of meiosis by downregulating the expression of Sohlh1 and induce G2/M phase arrest of cell cycle by decreasing the expression of cyclin A1, CDK1, and CDK2 via oxidative damage, which inhibits the meiosis process, and therefore decrease the amount of sperm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Zi Guo
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Lian-Shuang Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jia-Liu Wei
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Li-Hua Ren
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Li Jing
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
| | - Man Yang
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Ji Wang
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Sun
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China
| | - Xian-Qing Zhou
- Department of Toxicology and Hygienic Chemistry, School of Public Health, Capital Medical University, No. 10 Xitoutiao, Youanmen Wai, Fengtai District, Beijing, 100069, People's Republic of China.
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, 100069, China.
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11
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Da Cuña RH, Rey Vázquez G, Dorelle L, Rodríguez EM, Guimarães Moreira R, Lo Nostro FL. Mechanism of action of endosulfan as disruptor of gonadal steroidogenesis in the cichlid fish Cichlasoma dimerus. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 187:74-80. [PMID: 27235598 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The organochlorine pesticide endosulfan (ES) is used in several countries as a wide spectrum insecticide on crops with high commercial value. Due to its high toxicity to non-target animals, its persistence in the environment and its ability to act as an endocrine disrupting compound in fish, ES use is currently banned or restricted in many other countries. Previous studies on the cichlid fish Cichlasoma dimerus have shown that waterborne exposure to ES can lead to both decreased pituitary FSH content and histological alterations of testes. As gonadotropin-stimulated sex steroids release from gonads was inhibited by ES in vitro, the aim of the present study was to elucidate possible mechanisms of disruption of ES on gonadal steroidogenesis in C. dimerus, as well as compare the action of the active ingredient (AI) with that of currently used commercial formulations (CF). Testis and ovary fragments were incubated with ES (AI or CF) and/or steroidogenesis activators or precursors. Testosterone and estradiol levels were measured in the incubation media. By itself, ES did not affect hormone levels. Co-incubation with LH and the adenylate cyclase activator forskolin caused a decrease of the stimulated sex steroids release. When co-incubated with precursors dehydroandrostenedione and 17αhydroxyprogesterone, ES did not affect the increase caused by their addition alone. No differences were observed between the AI and CFs, suggesting that the effect on steroidogenesis disruption is mainly caused by the AI. Results indicate that action of ES takes place downstream of LH-receptor activation and upstream of the studied steroidogenic enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodrigo H Da Cuña
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática. DBBE, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; IBBEA, CONICET-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Graciela Rey Vázquez
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática. DBBE, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; IBBEA, CONICET-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Luciana Dorelle
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática. DBBE, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; IBBEA, CONICET-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Enrique M Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Fisiología de Crustáceos, DBBE, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; IBBEA, CONICET-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - Fabiana L Lo Nostro
- Laboratorio de Ecotoxicología Acuática. DBBE, FCEyN, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Argentina; IBBEA, CONICET-UBA, Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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12
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Du H, Wang M, Dai H, Hong W, Wang M, Wang J, Weng N, Nie Y, Xu A. Endosulfan isomers and sulfate metabolite induced reproductive toxicity in Caenorhabditis elegans involves genotoxic response genes. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2015; 49:2460-2468. [PMID: 25612189 DOI: 10.1021/es504837z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Endosulfan is enlisted as one of the persistent organic pollutants (POPs) and exists in the form of its α and β isomers in the environment as well as in the form of endosulfan sulfate, a toxic metabolite. General endosulfan toxicity has been investigated in various organisms, but the effect of the isomers and sulfate metabolites on reproductive function is unclear. This study was aimed at studying the reproductive dysfunction induced by endosulfan isomers and its sulfate metabolite in Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans). We also determined a role for the DNA-damage-checkpoint gene hus-1. Compared to β-endosulfan and its sulfate metabolite, α-endosulfan caused a dramatically higher level of germ cell apoptosis, which was regulated by DNA damage signal pathway. Both endosulfan isomers and the sulfate metabolite induced germ cell cycle arrest. Loss-of-function studies using hus-1, egl-1, and cep-1 mutants revealed that hus-1 specifically influenced the fecundity, hatchability, and sexual ratio after endosulfan exposure. Our data provide clear evidence that the DNA-checkpoint gene hus-1 has an essential role in endosulfan-induced reproductive dysfunction and that α-endosulfan exhibited the highest reproductive toxicity among the different forms of endosulfan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Du
- Key Laboratory of Ion Beam Bioengineering, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, CAS and Anhui Province , Hefei, Anhui, PR China
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