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Gong J, Wang Y, Xue C, Wu L, Sheng S, Wang M, Peng J, Cao S. Regulation of blue infertile flower pigmentation by WD40 transcription factor HmWDR68 in Hydrangea macrophylla 'forever summer'. Mol Biol Rep 2024; 51:328. [PMID: 38393428 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-024-09287-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND WD40 transcription factors are crucial in plant growth and developmental, significantly impacting plant growth regulation. This study investigates the WD40 transcription factor HmWDR68's role in developing the distinctive blue infertile flower colors in Hydrangea macrophylla 'Forever Summer'. METHODS AND RESULTS The HmWDR68 gene was isolated by PCR, revealing an open reading frame of 1026 base pairs, which encodes 341 amino acids. Characterized by four WD40 motifs, HmWDR68 is a member of the WD40 family. Phylogenetic analysis indicates that HmWDR68 shares high homology with PsWD40 in Camellia sinensis and CsWD40 in Paeonia suffruticosa, both of which are integral in anthocyanin synthesis regulation. Quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) analysis demonstrated that HmWDR68 expression in the blue infertile flowers of 'Forever Summer' hydrangea was significantly higher compared to other tissues and organs. Additionally, in various hydrangea varieties with differently colored infertile flowers, HmWDR68 expression was markedly elevated in comparison to other hydrangea varieties, correlating with the development of blue infertile flowers. Pearson correlation analysis revealed a significant association between HmWDR68 expression and the concentration of delphinidin 3-O-glucoside, as well as key genes involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis (HmF3H, HmC3'5'H, HmDFR, and HmANS) in the blue infertile flowers of 'Forever Summer' hydrangea (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION These findings suggest HmWDR68 may specifically regulate blue infertile flower formation in hydrangea by enhancing delphinidin-3-O-glucoside synthesis, modulating expression of HmF3H, HmC3'5'H, HmDFR and HmANS. This study provides insights into HmWDR68's role in hydrangea's blue flowers development, offering a foundation for further research in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Gong
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Yu Wang
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Chao Xue
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Linshi Wu
- Hunan Botanical Garden, Changsha, Hunan, 410000, China
| | - Song Sheng
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China
| | - Meng Wang
- College of Forestry, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming, Yunnan, 650000, China
| | - Jiqing Peng
- College of Life Science and Technology, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China.
| | - Shoujin Cao
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry & Technology, Changsha, Hunan, 410004, China.
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Yung WS, Chan TF, Kong F, Lam HM. The Plant Genome special section: Epigenome and epitranscriptome in plant-environment interactions. THE PLANT GENOME 2023; 16:e20404. [PMID: 38124543 DOI: 10.1002/tpg2.20404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Wai-Shing Yung
- School of Life Sciences and Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Ting-Fung Chan
- School of Life Sciences and Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
| | - Fanjiang Kong
- Innovative Center of Molecular Genetics and Evolution, School of Life Sciences, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, P. R. China
| | - Hon-Ming Lam
- School of Life Sciences and Center for Soybean Research of the State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
- Institute of Environment, Energy, and Sustainability, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, P. R. China
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Ke S, Jiang Y, Zhou M, Li Y. Genome-Wide Identification, Evolution, and Expression Analysis of the WD40 Subfamily in Oryza Genus. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:15776. [PMID: 37958759 PMCID: PMC10648978 DOI: 10.3390/ijms242115776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The WD40 superfamily is widely found in eukaryotes and has essential subunits that serve as scaffolds for protein complexes. WD40 proteins play important regulatory roles in plant development and physiological processes, such as transcription regulation and signal transduction; it is also involved in anthocyanin biosynthesis. In rice, only OsTTG1 was found to be associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis, and evolutionary analysis of the WD40 gene family in multiple species is less studied. Here, a genome-wide analysis of the subfamily belonging to WD40-TTG1 was performed in nine AA genome species: Oryza sativa ssp. japonica, Oryza sativa ssp. indica, Oryza rufipogon, Oryza glaberrima, Oryza meridionalis, Oryza barthii, Oryza glumaepatula, Oryza nivara, and Oryza longistaminata. In this study, 383 WD40 genes in the Oryza genus were identified, and they were classified into four groups by phylogenetic analysis, with most members in group C and group D. They were found to be unevenly distributed across 12 chromosomes. A total of 39 collinear gene pairs were identified in the Oryza genus, and all were segmental duplications. WD40s had similar expansion patterns in the Oryza genus. Ka/Ks analyses indicated that they had undergone mainly purifying selection during evolution. Furthermore, WD40s in the Oryza genus have similar evolutionary patterns, so Oryza sativa ssp. indica was used as a model species for further analysis. The cis-acting elements analysis showed that many genes were related to jasmonic acid and light response. Among them, OsiWD40-26/37/42 contained elements of flavonoid synthesis, and OsiWD40-15 had MYB binding sites, indicating that they might be related to anthocyanin synthesis. The expression profile analysis at different stages revealed that most OsiWD40s were expressed in leaves, roots, and panicles. The expression of OsiWD40s was further analyzed by qRT-PCR in 9311 (indica) under various hormone treatments and abiotic stresses. OsiWD40-24 was found to be responsive to both phytohormones and abiotic stresses, suggesting that it might play an important role in plant stress resistance. And many OsiWD40s might be more involved in cold stress tolerance. These findings contribute to a better understanding of the evolution of the WD40 subfamily. The analyzed candidate genes can be used for the exploration of practical applications in rice, such as cultivar culture for colored rice, stress tolerance varieties, and morphological marker development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yangsheng Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China; (S.K.); (Y.J.); (M.Z.)
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Wu Z, Zhang T, Li J, Chen S, Grin IR, Zharkov DO, Yu B, Li H. Genome-wide analysis of WD40 protein family and functional characterization of BvWD40-82 in sugar beet. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1185440. [PMID: 37332716 PMCID: PMC10272600 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1185440] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 05/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/20/2023]
Abstract
Sugar beet is one of the most important sugar crops in the world. It contributes greatly to the global sugar production, but salt stress negatively affects the crop yield. WD40 proteins play important roles in plant growth and response to abiotic stresses through their involvement in a variety of biological processes, such as signal transduction, histone modification, ubiquitination, and RNA processing. The WD40 protein family has been well-studied in Arabidopsis thaliana, rice and other plants, but the systematic analysis of the sugar beet WD40 proteins has not been reported. In this study, a total of 177 BvWD40 proteins were identified from the sugar beet genome, and their evolutionary characteristics, protein structure, gene structure, protein interaction network and gene ontology were systematically analyzed to understand their evolution and function. Meanwhile, the expression patterns of BvWD40s under salt stress were characterized, and a BvWD40-82 gene was hypothesized as a salt-tolerant candidate gene. Its function was further characterized using molecular and genetic methods. The result showed that BvWD40-82 enhanced salt stress tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis seedlings by increasing the contents of osmolytes and antioxidant enzyme activities, maintaining intracellular ion homeostasis and increasing the expression of genes related to SOS and ABA pathways. The result has laid a foundation for further mechanistic study of the BvWD40 genes in sugar beet tolerance to salt stress, and it may inform biotechnological applications in improving crop stress resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhirui Wu
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Biological Fermentation Engineering for Cold Region & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, College of Heilongjiang Province & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Tingyue Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Biological Fermentation Engineering for Cold Region & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, College of Heilongjiang Province & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Jinna Li
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Biological Fermentation Engineering for Cold Region & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, College of Heilongjiang Province & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Sixue Chen
- Department of Biology, University of Mississippi, Oxford, MS, United States
| | - Inga R. Grin
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Dmitry O. Zharkov
- Department of Natural Sciences, Novosibirsk State University, Novosibirsk, Russia
- Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | - Bing Yu
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Biological Fermentation Engineering for Cold Region & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, College of Heilongjiang Province & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
| | - Haiying Li
- Engineering Research Center of Agricultural Microbiology Technology, Ministry of Education & Heilongjiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Plant Genetic Engineering and Biological Fermentation Engineering for Cold Region & Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, College of Heilongjiang Province & School of Life Sciences, Heilongjiang University, Harbin, China
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Zhuang WB, Li YH, Shu XC, Pu YT, Wang XJ, Wang T, Wang Z. The Classification, Molecular Structure and Biological Biosynthesis of Flavonoids, and Their Roles in Biotic and Abiotic Stresses. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083599. [PMID: 37110833 PMCID: PMC10147097 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
With the climate constantly changing, plants suffer more frequently from various abiotic and biotic stresses. However, they have evolved biosynthetic machinery to survive in stressful environmental conditions. Flavonoids are involved in a variety of biological activities in plants, which can protect plants from different biotic (plant-parasitic nematodes, fungi and bacteria) and abiotic stresses (salt stress, drought stress, UV, higher and lower temperatures). Flavonoids contain several subgroups, including anthocyanidins, flavonols, flavones, flavanols, flavanones, chalcones, dihydrochalcones and dihydroflavonols, which are widely distributed in various plants. As the pathway of flavonoid biosynthesis has been well studied, many researchers have applied transgenic technologies in order to explore the molecular mechanism of genes associated with flavonoid biosynthesis; as such, many transgenic plants have shown a higher stress tolerance through the regulation of flavonoid content. In the present review, the classification, molecular structure and biological biosynthesis of flavonoids were summarized, and the roles of flavonoids under various forms of biotic and abiotic stress in plants were also included. In addition, the effect of applying genes associated with flavonoid biosynthesis on the enhancement of plant tolerance under various biotic and abiotic stresses was also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Bing Zhuang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yu-Hang Li
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Xiao-Chun Shu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Yu-Ting Pu
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Wang
- College of Tea Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Tao Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
| | - Zhong Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences (Nanjing Botanical Garden Mem. Sun Yat-Sen), Nanjing 210014, China
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