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Strandler HS, Strand TA. Thiamin (Vitamin B 1) - A scoping review for Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2023. Food Nutr Res 2023; 67:10290. [PMID: 38084159 PMCID: PMC10710862 DOI: 10.29219/fnr.v67.10290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2021] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Only a few studies have explored relationships between thiamine intake and function, and a few studies have examined the effects of supplements on various clinical or biochemical outcomes. None of these studies, however, makes a useful contribution to understanding requirements in healthy populations. The requirement of thiamine relates to energy and carbohydrate intake. Clinical signs of deficiency have been observed at intakes below 0.5 mg/day, which corresponds to 0.05 mg/MJ. In other studies, thiamine excretion in the urine and normalisation of enzyme activity were normalised at intakes of 0.07-0.08 mg/MJ. The lower limit of intake thus estimates at 0.05 mg/MJ. It has not been possible to set a safe upper intake level for thiamine due to a lack of data. Studies on pregnant and lactating women indicate a higher requirement as assessed by biochemical parameters. A few studies indicate that thiamine utilisation is impaired among elderly subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tor A. Strand
- Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, Sykehuset Innlandet HF, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
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Qian T, Zhao L, Pan X, Sang S, Xu Y, Wang C, Zhong C, Fei G, Cheng X. Association Between Blood Biochemical Factors Contributing to Cognitive Decline and B Vitamins in Patients With Alzheimer's Disease. Front Nutr 2022; 9:823573. [PMID: 35265656 PMCID: PMC8898888 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2022.823573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Malnutrition, metabolism stress, inflammation, peripheral organs dysfunction, and B vitamins deficiency significantly contribute to the progression and mortality of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, it is unclear which blood biochemical indicators are most closely related to cognitive decline and B vitamins deficiency (thiamine, folate, vitamin B12) in patients with AD. Methods This was a cross-sectional study of 206 AD patients recruited from six hospitals in China. Thiamine diphosphate (TDP), the bioactive form of thiamine, was measured by high-performance liquid chromatography fluoroscopy (HPLC) at a single center. Levels of biochemical indicators (except TDP) were measured by regular and standard laboratory tests in each hospital. Pearson's rank correlation analysis was used to assess relationships between B vitamins and biochemical indicators. T-test was used to compare the difference between ApoE ε4 and non-ApoE ε4 groups. Differences were considered statistically significant as P < 0.05. Results Among the biochemical results, in AD population, malnutrition indicators (erythrocyte, hemoglobin, serum albumin, and total protein) were most significantly associated with cognitive function, as was free triiodothyronine (FT3) levels which had been observed in previous study. Malnutrition and FT3 levels depend on age but not apolipoprotein E (ApoE) genotype. Meanwhile, Among the B vitamins, TDP was the most significantly associated with malnutrition indicators and FT3. Conclusion Our results indicated that TDP reduction could be a modifiable risk factor for malnutrition and FT3 that contributed to cognitive decline in AD patients. Correcting thiamine metabolism could serve as an optional therapy target for AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ting Qian
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen Branch), Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Lei Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoli Pan
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen Branch), Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaoming Sang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen Branch), Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yangqi Xu
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen Branch), Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Changpeng Wang
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen Branch), Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chunjiu Zhong
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen Branch), Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Guoqiang Fei
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen Branch), Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xiaoqin Cheng
- Department of Neurology, Zhongshan Hospital (Xiamen Branch), Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology, Institutes of Brain Science and Collaborative Innovation Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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