Trends in inflammatory bowel disease treatment in the past two decades-a high-level text mining analysis of PubMed publications

A Five-Decade Text Mining Analysis of Cochlear Implant Research: Where We Started and Where We Are Heading

Background and Objectives: Since its invention in the 1970s, the cochlear implant (CI) has been substantially developed. We aimed to assess the trends in the published literature to characterize CI. Materials and Methods: We queried PubMed for all CI-related entries published during 1970-2022. The following data were extracted: year of publication, publishing journal, title, keywords, and abstract text. Search terms belonged to the patient's age group, etiology for hearing loss, indications for CI, and surgical methodological advancement. Annual trends of publications were plotted. The slopes of publication trends were calculated by fitting regression lines to the yearly number of publications. Results: Overall, 19,428 CIs articles were identified. Pediatric-related CI was the most dominant sub-population among the age groups, with the highest rate and slope during the years (slope 5.2 ± 0.3, p < 0.001), while elderly-related CIs had significantly fewer publications. Entries concerning hearing preservation showed the sharpest rise among the methods, from no entries in 1980 to 46 entries in 2021 (slope 1.7 ± 0.2, p < 0.001). Entries concerning robotic surgery emerged in 2000, with a sharp increase in recent years (slope 0.5 ± 0.1, p < 0.001). Drug-eluting electrodes and CI under local-anesthesia have been reported only in the past five years, with a gradual rise. Conclusions: Publications regarding CI among pediatrics outnumbered all other indications, supporting the rising, pivotal role of CI in the rehabilitation of children with sensorineural hearing loss. Hearing-preservation publications have recently rapidly risen, identified as the primary trend of the current era, followed by a sharp rise of robotic surgery that is evolving and could define the next revolution.

Manipulating Microbiota in Inflammatory Bowel Disease Treatment: Clinical and Natural Product Interventions Explored

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a complex multifactorial chronic inflammatory disease, that includes Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC), having progressively increasing global incidence. Disturbed intestinal flora has been highlighted as an important feature of IBD and offers promising strategies for IBD remedies. A brief overview of the variations occurring in intestinal flora during IBD is presented, and the role of the gut microbiota in intestinal barrier maintenance, immune and metabolic regulation, and the absorption and supply of nutrients is reviewed. More importantly, we review drug research on gut microbiota in the past ten years, including research on clinical and natural drugs, as well as adjuvant therapies, such as Fecal Microbiota Transplantation and probiotic supplements. We also summarize the interventions and mechanisms of these drugs on gut microbiota.

Trends and demographic patterns in biologic and corticosteroid prescriptions for inflammatory bowel disease: findings from electronic medical records, 2011-2020

Prescriptions for biologic therapy for treatment of Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) have increased during the past two decades; however, trends are less clear regarding corticosteroid prescriptions in this context. We designed a cross-sectional study using the IQVIA Ambulatory Electronic Medical Records databases. Weighted linear regressions by age group were used to estimate annual percentage change from 2011 to 2020 in prescriptions for biologics and for corticosteroids among patients with or without biologic prescriptions within the same calendar year. Using 2019 data, we compared patient demographic and lifestyle risk factors using χ2 test for biologic prescriptions and corticosteroids with or without biologics prescriptions. There was an 11% (CD) and 16% (UC) annual increase in the percentage of patients prescribed biologics during the study period. The percentage of patients with biologics prescriptions prescribed corticosteroids decreased by 2% (CD) and 3% (UC) annually after 2015, while the percentage remained unchanged for corticosteroid prescriptions among patients without biologics. In 2019, differences in medication prescriptions existed by patient's demographic and lifestyle factors for patients with CD (n=52,892) and UC (n=52,280), including a higher percentage prescribed biologics among younger patients, men, those with fewer comorbidities, and current alcohol drinkers, and a higher percentage prescribed corticosteroids without biologics among women, those with more comorbidities, and a history of smoking. While medications continue to evolve during the biologic era, it is important to continue to monitor trends and differences in prescription patterns to assess progress toward optimizing treatment for patients with CD or UC.

Trends in inflammatory bowel disease infections and vaccinations in the past four decades: A high-level text mining analysis of PubMed publications

AIM

We aimed at assessing the published literature on different prophylactic screening and vaccination options in inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients between 1980 and 2020. Special attention was attributed to latest data assessing covid-19 vaccinations.

METHODS

We have queried PubMed for all available IBD-related entries published during 1980-2020. The following data were extracted for each entry: PubMed unique article ID (PMID), title, publishing journal, abstract text, keywords (if any), and authors' affiliations. Two gastrointestinal specialists decided by consensus on a list of terms to classify entries. The terms belonged to four treatment groups: opportunistic infections, prophylactic screening, prophylactic vaccinations/treatment, and routine vaccines. Annual trends of publications for the years 1980-2020 were plotted for different screening, vaccinations and infection types. Slopes of publication trends were calculated by fitting regression lines to the annual number of publications.

RESULTS

Overall, 98,339 IBD entries were published between 1980 and 2020. Of those, 7773 entries belonged to the investigated groups. Entries concerning opportunistic infections showed the sharpest rise, with 19 entries and 1980 to 423 entries in 2020 (slope 11.3, p < .001). Entries concerning prophylactic screening rose from 10 entries in 1980 to 204 entries in 2020 (slope 5.4, p < .001). Both entries concerning prophylactic vaccinations/treatments and routine vaccines did not show a significant rise (slope 0.33 and slope 0.92, respectively). During the COVID 19 pandemic, a total of 44 publications were identified. Of them, 37 were relevant to vaccines and immune reaction. Nineteen publications (51%) were guidelines/recommendations, and 14 (38%) assessed immune reaction to vaccination, most of them (11, 61%) to mRNA vaccines.

CONCLUSIONS

During the past two decades, along with a rapid increase in biologic therapy, publications regarding opportunistic infections and prophylactic screening increased in a steep slope compared to the two decades in the pre-biologic area. During the COVID-19 pandemic, most publications included vaccination recommendations and guidelines and only 38% included real-world data assessing reaction to vaccinations. More research is needed.

Investigating regulatory patterns of NLRP3 Inflammasome features and association with immune microenvironment in Crohn's disease

INTRODUCTION

Crohn's disease is characterized of dysregulated inflammatory and immune reactions. The role of the NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain-containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in Crohn's disease remains largely unknown.

METHODS

The microarray-based transcriptomic data and corresponding clinical information of GSE100833 and GSE16879 were obtained from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database. Identification of in the NLRP3 inflammasome-related genes and construction of LASSO regression model. Immune landscape analysis was evaluated with ssGSEA. Classification of Crohn's-disease samples based on NLRP3 inflammasome-related genes with ConsensusClusterPlus. Functional enrichment analysis, gene set variation analysis (GSVA) and drug-gene interaction network.

RESULTS

The expressions of NLRP3 inflammasome-related genes were increased in diseased tissues, and higher expressions of NLRP3 inflammasome-related genes were correlated with generally enhanced immune cell infiltration, immune-related pathways and human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-gene expressions. The gene-based signature showed well performance in the diagnosis of Crohn's disease. Moreover, consensus clustering identified two Crohn's disease clusters based on NLRP3 inflammasome-related genes, and cluster 2 was with higher expressions of the genes. Cluster 2 demonstrated upregulated activities of immune environment in Crohn's disease. Furthermore, four key hub genes were identified and potential drugs were explored for the treatment of Crohn's disease.

CONCLUSIONS

Our findings indicate that NLRP3 inflammasome and its related genes could regulate immune cells and responses, as well as involve in the pathogenesis of Crohn's disease from transcriptomic aspects. These findings provide in silico insights into the diagnosis and treatment of Crohn's disease and might assist in the clinical decision-making process.